Germanic · Latin
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1.5B speakers · Global
4975 terms
/həˈloʊ/
a greeting
A common word used to greet someone or to begin a conversation, in person or on the phone.
/ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ/
a farewell
A word said when leaving someone or ending a conversation.
/pliːz/
polite request word
A word added to a request to make it polite or courteous.
/ˈθæŋk juː/
expression of gratitude
A polite phrase used to express gratitude for something received or done.
/ˈsɒri/
expression of apology
A word used to apologize or to express sympathy or regret.
/ɪkˈskjuːz miː/
polite attention-getter
A polite phrase used to get attention, apologize, or pass by someone.
/ˈwɛlkəm/
greeting of reception
A friendly word used to greet a guest or to respond to thanks.
/tʃɪəz/
toast or thanks
A word said when raising glasses in a toast, or informally to mean thanks or goodbye.
/kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃənz/
praise for success
An expression of praise or good wishes for someone's achievement or good fortune.
/ˈɡriːtɪŋz/
formal hello
A somewhat formal or playful word used to greet one or more people.
/ˌfɛəˈwɛl/
formal goodbye
A formal or literary word used to say goodbye, often when parting for a long time.
/ˌsæljuˈteɪʃən/
a greeting
A greeting, especially the opening words of a letter or speech.
/rɪˈɡɑːdz/
good wishes
Good wishes, often used to close a letter or to send greetings to someone.
/sɪnˈsɪəli/
genuinely
In a genuine and honest way; also a common formal letter closing.
/ˈblɛs juː/
said after a sneeze
A phrase said to someone after they sneeze, or to express affection or gratitude.
/teɪk ˈkɛə/
farewell wishing safety
A warm phrase said when parting, wishing someone well and safe.
/ˈsiː juː/
informal goodbye
A casual phrase meaning goodbye, implying you will meet again.
/ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/
wish for success
A phrase used to wish someone success or good fortune.
/ˌwɛl ˈdʌn/
praise for achievement
A phrase used to praise someone for doing something successfully.
/nəʊ ˈwʌriz/
it is fine
A relaxed phrase meaning that there is no problem or no need to apologize.
/ˌnɛvə ˈmaɪnd/
do not worry about it
A phrase telling someone to forget about something or not to worry.
/əv ˈkɔːs/
certainly
A phrase used to express agreement, confirmation, or that something is obvious.
/ˌæbsəˈluːtli/
completely; definitely
Completely or totally; also used to give strong agreement.
/ˈdɛfɪnətli/
for certain
Without any doubt; certainly.
/pəˈhæps/
maybe
Used to say that something is possible but not certain.
/ˈmeɪbi/
possibly
Used to express possibility or uncertainty.
/ˈsɜːtnli/
definitely
Without doubt; used to confirm or to agree politely.
/ɪɡˈzæktli/
precisely
In a precise way; also used to express complete agreement.
/ɪnˈdiːd/
truly; in fact
Used to emphasize a statement or to confirm that something is true.
/ˌraɪt əˈweɪ/
immediately
At once; without any delay.
/ɪn ˈfækt/
actually
Used to add true or surprising information, or to emphasize a point.
/əz ˈwɛl/
also; too
In addition; also.
/ˈɛniweɪ/
regardless; in any case
Used to return to a topic, change the subject, or mean regardless.
/ˈmiːnwaɪl/
at the same time
During the same period of time; in the time between.
/haʊˈɛvə/
but; nevertheless
Used to introduce a contrast or an opposing idea.
/ˈðɛəfɔː/
for that reason
For that reason; as a result.
/mɔːrˈəʊvə/
in addition; besides
Used to add a further and often stronger point.
/ˈfɜːðəmɔː/
in addition; besides
Used to add another point that supports what has been said.
/ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs/
even so; however
In spite of what has just been said.
/ɒn ði ˈʌðə hænd/
from another viewpoint
Used to introduce a contrasting point of view.
/ɪn ˈʌðə wɜːdz/
that is to say
Used to explain something again more clearly or simply.
/fɔːr ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl/
for instance
Used to introduce an illustration of a general statement.
/ɪn kənˈkluːʒən/
to sum up
Used to introduce a final summary or closing statement.
/ɪn əˈdɪʃən/
also; furthermore
Used to add another fact or point to what has been said.
/əz ə rɪˈzʌlt/
consequently
Because of something; as a consequence.
/ˈdjuː tuː/
because of
Caused by; because of.
/ɪnˈstɛd/
as an alternative
In place of something else; as a substitute.
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/
even though
Used to introduce a fact that contrasts with the main statement.
/ənˈlɛs/
except if
Used to say that something will happen except in a certain case.
/bɪˈkɒz/
for the reason that
Used to give the reason or cause for something.
/ənˈtɪl/
up to the time that
Up to the point in time when something happens.
/waɪl/
during the time that
During the time that something else happens; also meaning whereas.
/sɪns/
from a past time; because
From a particular past time until now; also used to mean because.
/bɪˈfɔː/
earlier than
At or during a time earlier than something else.
/ˈɑːftə/
later than
At or during a time later than something else.
/wɛn/
at the time that
At or during the time that something happens.
/ɪf/
on the condition that
Introducing a condition on which something depends.
/ˈsəʊ ðət/
in order that
Used to express the purpose or result of an action.
/ˈiːvən ðəʊ/
despite the fact that
Used to emphasize a strong contrast with the main idea.
/ˈrɑːðə ðæn/
instead of
Used to express a preference for one thing over another.
/əz ˈlɒŋ æz/
provided that
On the condition that; for the whole time that.
/ɪn ˈkeɪs/
as a precaution
In order to be prepared if something happens.
/prəˈvaɪdɪd ðæt/
on condition that
Used to state a condition that must be met.
/ɪn ˈɔːdə tuː/
so as to
For the purpose of; with the aim of.
/ˈəʊɪŋ tuː/
because of
As a result of; because of.
/dɪˈspaɪt/
in spite of
Without being affected by; regardless of.
/ɪn ˈspaɪt əv/
despite
Without being prevented or affected by something.
/baɪ ðə ˈweɪ/
incidentally
Used to add a remark that is not directly related to the topic.
/ˌɑːftər ˈɔːl/
in the end; despite expectations
Used to say something is true despite what was expected, or to give a reason.
/əz ˈfɑːr æz/
to the extent that
To the degree or extent that; used to limit a statement.
/ɪn ˈtɜːmz əv/
with respect to
With regard to a particular aspect of something.
/wɪð rɪˈɡɑːd tuː/
concerning
Concerning or relating to a particular matter.
/ət ˈliːst/
as a minimum
Not less than a stated amount; also used to mention a positive point.
/ət ˈməʊst/
as a maximum
Not more than a stated amount.
/wʌns əˈɡɛn/
one more time
Repeating something that has happened before.
/ˌɔːl ɪn ˈɔːl/
overall; considering everything
Used to give a summary or general judgment.
/əˌbʌv ˈɔːl/
most importantly
Most importantly; more than anything else.
/ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/
usually; broadly
In most cases; considering the whole rather than details.
/ɒn ðə ˈhəʊl/
generally; overall
Taking everything into consideration; mostly.
/ˈzɪərəʊ/
the number 0
The number 0; nothing or none.
/wʌn/
the number 1
The number 1; a single unit or person.
/tuː/
the number 2
The number 2; a pair.
/θriː/
the number 3
The number 3.
/fɔː/
the number 4
The number 4.
/faɪv/
the number 5
The number 5.
/sɪks/
the number 6
The number 6.
/ˈsɛvən/
the number 7
The number 7.
/eɪt/
the number 8
The number 8.
/naɪn/
the number 9
The number 9.
/tɛn/
the number 10
The number 10.
/ɪˈlɛvən/
the number 11
The number 11.
/twɛlv/
the number 12
The number 12; a dozen.
/ˌθɜːˈtiːn/
the number 13
The number 13.
/ˌfɔːˈtiːn/
the number 14
The number 14.
/ˌfɪfˈtiːn/
the number 15
The number 15.
/ˌsɪksˈtiːn/
the number 16
The number 16.
/ˌsɛvənˈtiːn/
the number 17
The number 17.
/ˌeɪˈtiːn/
the number 18
The number 18.
/ˌnaɪnˈtiːn/
the number 19
The number 19.
/ˈtwɛnti/
the number 20
The number 20.
/ˈθɜːti/
the number 30
The number 30.
/ˈfɔːti/
the number 40
The number 40.
/ˈfɪfti/
the number 50
The number 50; half of a hundred.
/ˈsɪksti/
the number 60
The number 60.
/ˈsɛvənti/
the number 70
The number 70.
/ˈeɪti/
the number 80
The number 80.
/ˈnaɪnti/
the number 90
The number 90.
/ˈhʌndrəd/
the number 100
The number 100.
/ˈθaʊzənd/
the number 1,000
The number 1,000.
/ˈmɪljən/
the number 1,000,000
The number 1,000,000.
/ˈbɪljən/
the number 1,000,000,000
The number 1,000,000,000.
/fɜːst/
coming before all others
Coming before all others in order, time, or importance.
/ˈsɛkənd/
coming after the first
Coming after the first in order; also a unit of time.
/θɜːd/
coming after the second
Coming after the second in order.
/fɔːθ/
coming after the third
Coming after the third in order.
/fɪfθ/
coming after the fourth
Coming after the fourth in order.
/lɑːst/
coming after all others
Coming after all others; final; or most recent.
/nɛkst/
immediately following
Coming immediately after the present one in time or order.
/ˈpriːviəs/
coming before
Existing or happening before the present one.
/təˈdeɪ/
this day
On or during this present day.
/ˈjɛstədeɪ/
the day before today
On the day before today.
/təˈmɒrəʊ/
the day after today
On the day after today.
/ˈmɔːnɪŋ/
early part of the day
The early part of the day, from sunrise until noon.
/ˌɑːftəˈnuːn/
midday to evening
The part of the day from noon until the evening.
/ˈiːvnɪŋ/
end of the day
The part of the day between the afternoon and night.
/naɪt/
dark hours
The period of darkness between sunset and sunrise.
/ˈmɪdnaɪt/
12 a.m.
Twelve o'clock at night; the middle of the night.
/nuːn/
12 p.m.
Twelve o'clock in the middle of the day.
/dɔːn/
first light
The first light of day; daybreak.
/dʌsk/
twilight
The darker stage of twilight, just before night.
/ˈsʌnraɪz/
when the sun appears
The time when the sun rises above the horizon in the morning.
/ˈsʌnsɛt/
when the sun disappears
The time when the sun sinks below the horizon in the evening.
/ˈaʊə/
60 minutes
A period of sixty minutes; one of twenty-four parts of a day.
/ˈmɪnɪt/
60 seconds
A period of sixty seconds; one of sixty parts of an hour.
/deɪ/
24 hours
A period of twenty-four hours; also the time of daylight.
/wiːk/
7 days
A period of seven days.
/mʌnθ/
about 30 days
One of the twelve periods that a year is divided into.
/jɪə/
12 months
A period of twelve months; the time the Earth orbits the sun.
/ˈdɛkeɪd/
10 years
A period of ten years.
/ˈsɛntʃəri/
100 years
A period of one hundred years.
/mɪˈlɛniəm/
1,000 years
A period of one thousand years.
/ˈməʊmənt/
a very short time
A very short period of time; an instant.
/ˈɪnstənt/
a precise moment
An extremely short period of time; a precise point in time.
/djʊˈreɪʃən/
length of time
The length of time that something lasts.
/ˈpɪəriəd/
a length of time
A particular length or portion of time.
/ˈɪərə/
a distinct period
A long and distinct period of history with a particular character.
/eɪdʒ/
a period; how old
A particular period of history; also how old someone or something is.
/ˈsiːzən/
a time of year
One of the four divisions of the year; or a period for an activity.
/sprɪŋ/
the warming season
The season between winter and summer, when plants begin to grow.
/ˈsʌmə/
the warm season
The warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn.
/ˈɔːtəm/
the cooling season
The season between summer and winter, when leaves fall.
/ˈwɪntə/
the cold season
The coldest season of the year, between autumn and spring.
/ˈdʒænjuəri/
the first month
The first month of the year, after December.
/ˈfɛbruəri/
the second month
The second month of the year, after January.
/mɑːtʃ/
the third month
The third month of the year, after February.
/ˈeɪprəl/
the fourth month
The fourth month of the year, after March.
/meɪ/
the fifth month
The fifth month of the year, after April.
/dʒuːn/
the sixth month
The sixth month of the year, after May.
/dʒʊˈlaɪ/
the seventh month
The seventh month of the year, after June.
/ˈɔːɡəst/
the eighth month
The eighth month of the year, after July.
/sɛpˈtɛmbə/
the ninth month
The ninth month of the year, after August.
/ɒkˈtəʊbə/
the tenth month
The tenth month of the year, after September.
/nəʊˈvɛmbə/
the eleventh month
The eleventh month of the year, after October.
/dɪˈsɛmbə/
the twelfth month
The twelfth and last month of the year, after November.
/ˈmʌndeɪ/
first weekday
The day of the week after Sunday and before Tuesday.
/ˈtjuːzdeɪ/
second weekday
The day of the week after Monday and before Wednesday.
/ˈwɛnzdeɪ/
midweek day
The day of the week after Tuesday and before Thursday.
/ˈθɜːzdeɪ/
fourth weekday
The day of the week after Wednesday and before Friday.
/ˈfraɪdeɪ/
last weekday
The day of the week after Thursday and before Saturday.
/ˈsætədeɪ/
first weekend day
The day of the week after Friday and before Sunday.
/ˈsʌndeɪ/
second weekend day
The day of the week after Saturday and before Monday.
/ˌwiːkˈɛnd/
Saturday and Sunday
The two days, Saturday and Sunday, at the end of the week.
/ˈwiːkdeɪ/
Monday to Friday
Any day of the week except Saturday and Sunday.
/ˈkælɪndə/
system of dates
A chart or system showing the days, weeks, and months of a year.
/klɒk/
time-telling device
A device that shows the time, usually with hands or numbers.
/ˈʃɛdjuːl/
a plan of times
A plan listing when activities or events will happen.
/ˈdɛdlaɪn/
a time limit
The latest time or date by which something must be finished.
/ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri/
yearly date of an event
The date on which an event happened in a previous year.
/ˈfæmɪli/
related group
A group of people related by blood, marriage, or close bonds.
/ˈmʌðə/
female parent
A female parent.
/ˈfɑːðə/
male parent
A male parent.
/ˈsɪstə/
female sibling
A girl or woman who has the same parents as another person.
/ˈbrʌðə/
male sibling
A boy or man who has the same parents as another person.
/ˈdɔːtə/
female child
A person's female child.
/sʌn/
male child
A person's male child.
/ˈɡrænmʌðə/
parent's mother
The mother of one's father or mother.
/ˈɡrænfɑːðə/
parent's father
The father of one's father or mother.
/ɑːnt/
parent's sister
The sister of one's mother or father, or an uncle's wife.
/ˈʌŋkəl/
parent's brother
The brother of one's mother or father, or an aunt's husband.
/ˈkʌzən/
aunt or uncle's child
A child of one's aunt or uncle.
/ˈnɛfjuː/
sibling's son
The son of one's brother or sister.
/niːs/
sibling's daughter
The daughter of one's brother or sister.
/ˈhʌzbənd/
married man
The man that a woman or person is married to.
/waɪf/
married woman
The woman that a man or person is married to.
/spaʊs/
married partner
A person's husband or wife.
/ˈpɑːtnə/
companion or associate
A person you share an activity, business, or relationship with.
/tʃaɪld/
young person; offspring
A young human being; also a son or daughter of any age.
/ˈbeɪbi/
very young child
A very young child or infant.
/ˈtɒdlə/
young walking child
A young child who is just beginning to walk.
/ˈtiːneɪdʒə/
person aged 13–19
A person between thirteen and nineteen years old.
/ˈædʌlt/
grown person
A fully grown person, legally responsible for themselves.
/ˈɛldə/
older respected person
An older person, especially one respected for wisdom or status.
/ˈænsɛstə/
distant forebear
A person from whom one is descended, especially long ago.
/dɪˈsɛndənt/
later family member
A person related to someone who lived in the past.
/ˈrɛlətɪv/
family member
A person connected to another by blood or marriage.
/ˈɪnlɔː/
relative by marriage
A relative gained through marriage, such as a mother-in-law.
/ˈstɛpmʌðə/
father's new wife
A woman who is married to one's father but is not one's birth mother.
/ˈstɛpfɑːðə/
mother's new husband
A man who is married to one's mother but is not one's birth father.
/ˈstɛpsɪblɪŋ/
step-parent's child
The child of one's stepparent who is not a blood relative.
/ˈɡɑːdiən/
legal protector
A person legally responsible for the care of a child or another person.
/ˈɔːfən/
child without parents
A child whose parents have both died.
/twɪn/
one of two born together
One of two children born to the same mother at the same time.
/ˈsɪblɪŋ/
brother or sister
A brother or sister.
/ˈpɛərənt/
mother or father
A person's mother or father.
/ˈkɛəɡɪvə/
person who cares for another
A person who looks after a child, elderly, or sick person.
/ˈɡɒdpɛərənt/
sponsor at a baptism
A person who promises to help guide a child's upbringing, often at a baptism.
/ˈmɛntɔː/
wise adviser
An experienced person who advises and guides someone less experienced.
/ˈkɒliːɡ/
workmate
A person you work with, especially in a profession.
/ˈneɪbə/
person living nearby
A person who lives near or next to you.
/ˈstreɪndʒə/
unknown person
A person you do not know.
/əˈkweɪntəns/
person you know slightly
A person you know slightly but who is not a close friend.
/frɛnd/
person you like and trust
A person you know well and like, and who is not family.
/ˈɛnəmi/
hostile person
A person who hates or opposes another and wishes them harm.
/ˈraɪvəl/
competitor
A person who competes with another for the same thing.
/ˈælaɪ/
supporter or partner
A person, group, or country that helps and supports another.
/pɪə/
equal
A person who is equal to another in age, rank, or ability.
/bɒs/
person in charge
A person who is in charge of others at work.
/ˈwɔːtə/
clear drinkable liquid
The clear liquid that forms rivers, lakes, and rain, and that we drink.
/fuːd/
what we eat
Any substance that people or animals eat to live and grow.
/brɛd/
baked staple food
A common food made from flour, water, and usually yeast, then baked.
/haʊs/
a building to live in
A building where people live, usually one family.
/həʊm/
where one lives
The place where a person lives and feels they belong.
/wɜːk/
activity for a purpose
Activity involving effort done to achieve a result, often a job.
/ˈmʌni/
means of payment
Coins, notes, or their digital form used to buy things.
/lʌv/
deep affection
A strong feeling of deep affection for someone or something.
/ˈhæpi/
feeling joy
Feeling or showing pleasure and contentment.
/sæd/
feeling sorrow
Feeling or showing unhappiness or sorrow.
/trəˈdɪʃən/
a long-held custom
A custom or belief passed down within a group over many years.
/ɡəʊ/
to move or travel
To move or travel from one place to another.
/kʌm/
to move toward
To move toward the speaker or a particular place.
/meɪk/
to create or produce
To create, build, or produce something.
/teɪk/
to get hold of
To get hold of something or to carry it with you.
/ɡɪv/
to hand over
To hand something to someone or to provide it freely.
/siː/
to perceive with eyes
To notice or perceive something with the eyes.
/nəʊ/
to have knowledge
To have information, understanding, or awareness of something.
/θɪŋk/
to use the mind
To have an idea or opinion, or to use the mind to consider something.
/ˈbjuːtɪfəl/
very pleasing to see
Pleasing the senses or mind, especially to look at.
/bɪɡ/
large in size
Of considerable size, extent, or importance.
/smɔːl/
little in size
Little in size, amount, or degree.
/ɡʊd/
of high quality
Of high quality or a desirable standard; pleasant or right.
/bæd/
of low quality
Of poor quality; unpleasant, harmful, or not desirable.
/ˈsɪti/
large town
A large and important town where many people live and work.
/ˈkʌntri/
a nation; rural area
A nation with its own government; also land outside cities.
/ˈrɪvə/
large flowing water
A large natural stream of water flowing toward the sea or a lake.
/ˈmaʊntɪn/
very high land
A very high area of land with steep sides, higher than a hill.
/triː/
tall woody plant
A tall plant with a trunk, branches, and leaves.
/bʊk/
bound written work
A set of printed or written pages bound together for reading.
/ˈmjuːzɪk/
organized sound
The art of arranging sounds to create melody, harmony, and rhythm.
/ɑːt/
creative expression
The expression of human creativity through painting, music, or other forms.
/kəmˈpjuːtə/
electronic processing machine
An electronic machine that stores and processes information.
/ˈsaɪəns/
study of the world
The systematic study of the natural world through observation and experiment.
/hɛlθ/
state of being well
The general condition of a person's body and mind, especially being free of illness.
/ˈbɒdi/
physical structure
The whole physical structure of a person or animal.
/hænd/
end of the arm
The part of the body at the end of the arm, used for holding things.
/huː/
which person
Used to ask about the identity of a person.
/wɒt/
which thing
Used to ask for information about something.
/wɛə/
in what place
Used to ask about the place or position of something.
/rɪˈdʒɛk.tɪd/
turned away, refused
Feeling that you have been refused, not accepted, or unwanted by someone or a group.
/ɪnˈkluː.dɪd/
made part of, welcomed
Feeling that you are accepted as part of a group or activity rather than left out.
/ɪkˈskluː.dɪd/
left out, shut out
Feeling that you have been kept out of a group, activity, or conversation.
/ˈθrɛt.ənd/
feeling endangered
Feeling that you are in danger or that something important to you may be harmed or taken away.
/rɪˈspɛk.tɪd/
admired, esteemed
Treated with admiration and consideration because of your qualities, achievements, or character.
/ˌdɪs.rɪˈspɛk.tɪd/
treated rudely
Feeling that you have been treated without the politeness or regard you deserve.
/ˌʌn.dəˈstʊd/
comprehended, grasped
Feeling that someone truly grasps your meaning, feelings, or situation.
/ˌmɪs.ʌn.dəˈstʊd/
wrongly interpreted
Feeling that people have interpreted your words or intentions incorrectly.
/ˈɡreɪt.fəl/
thankful, appreciative
Feeling thankful and wanting to show appreciation for something kind that has been done for you.
/rɪˈzɛnt.fəl/
bitter, aggrieved
Feeling bitter or angry because you believe you have been treated unfairly.
/ˈstɪn.dʒi/
ungenerous, mean
Unwilling to give or spend money, time, or resources, even when one can afford to.
/fəˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/
willing to pardon
Ready to stop feeling angry toward someone who has hurt or wronged you.
/ˌʌn.fəˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/
harsh, unrelenting
Not willing to forgive mistakes, or so harsh that it leaves no room for error.
/ˌəʊ.pənˈmaɪn.dɪd/
receptive, unprejudiced
Willing to consider new ideas, opinions, and ways of doing things without prejudice.
/ˌnær.əʊˈmaɪn.dɪd/
intolerant, rigid
Unwilling to accept ideas or opinions that are different from your own.
/ˈtɒl.ər.ənt/
accepting, broad-minded
Willing to accept beliefs, behaviour, or people that differ from your own without disapproval.
/ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ənt/
narrow, unaccepting
Unwilling to accept ideas, people, or behaviour different from your own; also unable to bear something physically.
/muːvd/
emotionally affected
Feeling strong emotion, often tenderness or sadness, because of something touching.
/tʌtʃt/
moved, grateful
Feeling gently moved and grateful because of someone's kindness or thoughtfulness.
/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪ.tɪd/
deeply shocked, crushed
Feeling extremely upset and shocked, often after a great loss or disappointment.
/ˈhɑːt.brəʊ.kən/
deeply saddened
Feeling overwhelming grief or sorrow, especially because of lost love or a painful disappointment.
/hiːld/
recovered, made whole
Made healthy or whole again after injury, illness, or emotional pain.
/ˈwuːn.dɪd/
hurt, injured
Physically injured, or emotionally hurt by something painful that someone said or did.
/rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/
tough, quick to recover
Able to recover quickly from difficulties, hardship, or setbacks.
/ˈʃæt.əd/
broken, crushed
Broken into many pieces, or emotionally crushed; in British English, also extremely tired.
/ˌsɛn.tɪˈmɛn.təl/
emotional, tender
Strongly influenced by emotion and tender feelings, sometimes more than by reason.
/nɒsˈtæl.dʒɪk/
longing for the past
Feeling a bittersweet longing for happy times, places, or things from the past.
/ˈhəʊp.fəl/
optimistic, expectant
Feeling that something good is likely to happen; full of hope.
/ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒənd/
disappointed, undeceived
Disappointed because you have discovered that something is not as good as you once believed.
/ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/
distrustful, sceptical
Believing that people are mainly motivated by self-interest; doubtful that anything is sincere or good.
/ˈtrʌs.tɪŋ/
believing, unsuspicious
Ready to believe that other people are honest and will not harm you.
/praʊd/
pleased, satisfied
Feeling deep pleasure or satisfaction in your own or others' achievements or qualities.
/ɪmˈbær.əst/
ashamed, self-conscious
Feeling awkward, ashamed, or self-conscious, often in front of other people.
/ˈdɪɡ.nɪ.faɪd/
composed, noble
Behaving in a calm, serious, and self-respecting way that earns the respect of others.
/hjuːˈmɪl.i.eɪ.tɪd/
deeply embarrassed, shamed
Feeling deeply ashamed and foolish because your dignity has been damaged in front of others.
/ˌɛn.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ/
applied design and building
The use of scientific knowledge to design and build machines, structures, and systems.
/ˌmæθ.əˈmæt.ɪks/
study of numbers
The study of numbers, shapes, quantities, and patterns and the relationships between them.
/ˈfɪz.ɪks/
study of matter and energy
The science of matter, energy, motion, and the fundamental forces of the universe.
/ˈkɛm.ɪ.stri/
study of substances
The science of substances, their properties, and how they combine and react with one another.
/baɪˈɒl.ə.dʒi/
study of living things
The scientific study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.
/dʒiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/
study of the Earth
The science of the Earth's physical structure, rocks, and the processes that shape them over time.
/əˈstrɒn.ə.mi/
study of space
The scientific study of stars, planets, galaxies, and other objects beyond the Earth's atmosphere.
/ɪkˈspɛr.ɪ.mənt/
scientific test
A carefully controlled test carried out to discover something or to check whether an idea is true.
/haɪˈpɒθ.ə.sɪs/
testable idea
A proposed explanation for something that can be tested through observation or experiment.
/ˈθɪə.ri/
explained system of ideas
A well-supported explanation of how or why something happens, based on repeated evidence.
/ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/
proof, supporting facts
Facts or information that show whether a belief or claim is true or valid.
/ˈdeɪ.tə/
facts and figures
Facts, numbers, or information collected for analysis or used to make decisions.
/kənˈkluː.ʒən/
final judgement
A decision or judgement reached after considering the evidence or finishing something.
/ləˈbɒr.ə.tri/
research room
A room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching.
/ˈmaɪ.krə.skəʊp/
magnifying instrument
An instrument that uses lenses to make very small objects appear much larger.
/ˈtɛl.ɪ.skəʊp/
instrument for distant viewing
An instrument that makes distant objects, especially in the sky, appear nearer and larger.
/ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.tə/
computing device
A small electronic device used to perform mathematical calculations quickly.
/ˈsmɑːt.fəʊn/
mobile computer-phone
A mobile phone that can run apps and access the internet, working like a small computer.
/ˈsɜː.və/
central computer
A powerful computer that stores data and provides services to other computers over a network.
/ˈdeɪ.tə.beɪs/
organized data store
A structured collection of information stored in a computer so it can be searched and updated easily.
/ˈæl.ɡə.rɪð.əm/
step-by-step procedure
A set of step-by-step rules or instructions used to solve a problem or complete a task.
/ˈsɒft.weə/
computer programs
The programs and instructions that tell a computer or device how to operate.
/ˈhɑːd.weə/
physical computer parts
The physical parts of a computer or device, such as the screen, keyboard, and circuits.
/ˈprəʊ.ɡræm.ɪŋ/
writing code
The activity of writing instructions that tell a computer how to perform tasks.
/ˈkəʊ.dɪŋ/
writing computer code
The process of writing instructions in a programming language for a computer to follow.
/ˌɑː.tɪ.fɪʃ.əl ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.dʒəns/
machine intelligence
The ability of computers to perform tasks that normally require human thinking, such as learning and decision-making.
/məˈʃiːn ˈlɜː.nɪŋ/
computers learning from data
A branch of AI in which computers improve at tasks by learning from data rather than fixed rules.
/diːp ˈlɜː.nɪŋ/
layered neural learning
A type of machine learning that uses many layers of artificial neural networks to learn complex patterns.
/ˈnjʊə.rəl ˈnɛt.wɜːk/
brain-inspired computing model
A computing system loosely modelled on the brain, used to recognise patterns and make predictions.
/ˈrəʊ.bɒt/
automated machine
A machine that can carry out tasks automatically, sometimes resembling or replacing a human worker.
/ˈwɛb.saɪt/
set of web pages
A collection of related web pages stored on the internet that can be visited with a browser.
/æp/
software application
A computer program, especially one for a phone or tablet, that performs a particular task.
/ˈbraʊ.zə/
web-viewing program
A program used to find and view pages and information on the internet.
/sɜːtʃ ˈɛn.dʒɪn/
web search tool
A program that searches the internet and lists web pages related to the words you type.
/ˈsəʊ.ʃəl ˈnɛt.wɜːk/
online community platform
An online platform where people connect, share content, and communicate with friends and others.
/klaʊd kəmˈpjuː.tɪŋ/
remote internet computing
The use of remote internet servers to store data and run programs instead of a local computer.
/ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/
digital protection
The practice of protecting computers, networks, and data from attacks, theft, or damage.
/ɪnˈkrɪp.ʃən/
data scrambling for security
The process of changing information into a secret code so that only authorised people can read it.
/ˈdeɪ.tə ˈprɪv.ə.si/
personal information protection
The right and practice of keeping personal information safe and controlling how it is used.
/ˈsɜː.kɪt/
electrical loop
A complete path through which an electric current can flow.
/ˈbæt.ər.i/
stored power source
A device that stores energy and provides electric power to a machine or device.
/ˈsəʊ.lə ˈpæn.əl/
sunlight energy collector
A flat device that turns sunlight into electricity.
/wɪnd ˈtɜː.baɪn/
wind-powered generator
A tall machine with large blades that uses the wind to generate electricity.
/ˈnjuː.kli.ə riˈæk.tə/
atomic power device
A machine that produces energy by splitting atoms in a controlled nuclear reaction.
/ˈdʒɛn.ə.reɪ.tə/
power-producing machine
A machine that produces electricity, often by turning mechanical movement into electrical energy.
/trænsˈfɔː.mə/
voltage-changing device
A device that increases or decreases the voltage of an electric current.
/ˈvəʊl.tɪdʒ/
electrical pressure
The force that pushes electric current through a circuit, measured in volts.
/ˈæt.əm/
basic unit of matter
The smallest unit of a chemical element, made of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
/ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/
group of bonded atoms
A group of two or more atoms joined together, forming the smallest unit of a compound.
/ˈɛl.ɪ.mənt/
pure basic substance
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
/ˈkɒm.paʊnd/
substance of combined elements
A substance made when two or more chemical elements join together.
/riˈæk.ʃən/
chemical change
A process in which substances change to form different substances; also a response to something.
/səˈluː.ʃən/
dissolved mixture; answer
A liquid in which a substance has been dissolved; also an answer to a problem.
/ˈæs.ɪd/
sour corrosive substance
A chemical substance with a sour taste that can react with and dissolve some materials.
/beɪs/
alkaline substance; foundation
A chemical substance that can neutralise an acid; also the bottom or foundation of something.
/ˌɒk.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/
reaction with oxygen
A chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen or loses electrons.
/rɪˈdʌk.ʃən/
gain of electrons; decrease
In chemistry, a reaction in which a substance gains electrons; more generally, a decrease in amount.
/ˌdiː.ɛnˈeɪ/
genetic material
The molecule in living cells that carries the genetic instructions for growth and function.
/dʒiːn/
unit of heredity
A section of DNA that carries instructions for a particular trait passed from parents to offspring.
/ˌrɛs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən/
breathing; energy release
The process by which living things take in oxygen and release energy from food; also breathing.
/ˌriː.prəˈdʌk.ʃən/
producing offspring
The biological process by which living things produce new individuals of their own kind.
/mjuːˈteɪ.ʃən/
genetic change
A change in the DNA of a living thing that can affect how it looks or functions.
/fuːd wɛb/
network of feeding links
A network showing how living things in an area depend on one another for food.
/ˈɛn.ə.dʒi ˈsaɪ.kəl/
flow of energy
The way energy moves through living things and the environment, changing form as it goes.
/ˈwɔː.tə ˈsaɪ.kəl/
movement of water
The continuous movement of water through evaporation, clouds, rain, rivers, and back to the sea.
/ˈkɑː.bən ˈsaɪ.kəl/
movement of carbon
The natural process by which carbon moves between the air, living things, oceans, and the ground.
/ˈnaɪ.trə.dʒən ˈsaɪ.kəl/
movement of nitrogen
The natural process by which nitrogen moves between the air, soil, plants, and animals.
/ˈdʒiː.əʊ.sfɪə/
Earth's solid part
The solid part of the Earth, including rocks, minerals, and the ground beneath our feet.
/vɪˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/
speed with direction
The speed of something moving in a particular direction.
/ək.sɛl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
rate of speed change
The rate at which the speed or direction of a moving object changes over time.
/ˈɡræv.ɪ.ti/
attracting force
The force that pulls objects toward one another, especially toward the centre of the Earth.
/fɔːs/
push or pull
A push or pull that can change the movement or shape of an object.
/ˈɛn.ə.dʒi/
capacity to do work
The capacity to do work or cause change, existing in forms such as heat, light, and motion.
/mæs/
amount of matter
The amount of matter in an object, which stays the same wherever the object is.
/məˈmɛn.təm/
motion force; driving force
The force of a moving object, depending on its mass and speed; also a sense of growing progress.
/ˈfriː.kwən.si/
rate of repetition
How often something happens; in physics, the number of waves or cycles per second.
/ˈæm.plɪ.tjuːd/
size of a wave
The size or height of a wave, which determines how strong or loud it is.
/ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
energy given off as waves
Energy that travels in the form of waves or particles, such as heat, light, or nuclear rays.
/ɪˌlɛk.trəʊ.mæɡˈnɛt.ɪk ˈspɛk.trəm/
range of radiation types
The full range of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to visible light to gamma rays.
/saʊnd/
vibrations we hear
Vibrations that travel through air or another medium and can be heard by the ear.
/hiːt/
thermal energy
The form of energy that makes things warm and flows from hotter objects to cooler ones.
/ˈprɛʃ.ə/
force over an area
The force pressing on a surface, divided by its area; also a feeling of stress or urgency.
/ˈdɛn.sɪ.ti/
mass per volume
How much mass is contained in a given volume of a substance.
/ˈvɒl.juːm/
amount of space
The amount of three-dimensional space an object or substance occupies; also loudness or a book.
/ɪnˈvɛn.ʃən/
newly created device
A new device, method, or process created through study and experiment.
/ˈprəʊ.tə.taɪp/
first working model
An early model of a product built to test an idea before full production.
/ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃər.ɪŋ/
large-scale production
The process of making goods in large quantities, usually in factories with machines.
/ˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti kənˈtrəʊl/
checking product standards
The system of checking products to make sure they meet a required standard of quality.
/ˈtɛst.ɪŋ/
checking by trial
The process of examining or trying something to find out whether it works correctly.
/ˈsæt.ə.laɪt/
orbiting object
An object that orbits a planet, especially a machine sent into space for communication or observation.
/drəʊn/
unmanned aircraft
A small aircraft that flies without a pilot on board, often controlled remotely.
/ˈsɛn.sə/
detecting device
A device that detects changes such as light, heat, or movement and sends a signal.
/ˈmaɪ.krəʊ.tʃɪp/
tiny circuit
A very small set of electronic circuits on a piece of silicon that runs computers and devices.
/ˈprəʊ.sɛs.ə/
computer's brain
The part of a computer that carries out instructions and performs calculations.
/ˈmɛm.ər.i/
stored information
The part of a computer where information is stored for immediate use; also the ability to remember.
/ˈstɔː.rɪdʒ/
space for keeping data
Space for keeping things, including the part of a device where files and data are saved.
/ˈbænd.wɪdθ/
data transfer capacity
The amount of data that can be sent over an internet connection in a given time.
/ˈleɪ.tən.si/
delay in response
The delay between sending a signal and receiving a response, especially over a network.
/ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/
simulated 3D world
A computer-generated environment that a person can explore and interact with, usually using a headset.
/ɔːɡˈmɛn.tɪd riˈæl.ɪ.ti/
digital overlay on real world
Technology that adds computer-generated images or information onto a view of the real world.
/ˈblɒk.tʃeɪn/
distributed digital ledger
A secure digital record of transactions stored across many computers so it is hard to change.
/ˈkrɪp.təʊˌkʌr.ən.si/
digital money
A digital form of money that uses encryption and usually operates without a central bank.
/bɪɡ ˈdeɪ.tə/
very large data sets
Extremely large sets of information that can be analysed to reveal patterns and trends.
/ˈɪn.tə.nɛt əv θɪŋz/
connected everyday devices
The network of everyday objects connected to the internet so they can share data and be controlled.
/smɑːt ˈsɪt.i/
technology-managed city
A city that uses digital technology and data to manage services and improve daily life.
/ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs ˈviː.ɪ.kəl/
self-driving vehicle
A vehicle that can drive itself using sensors and computers, with little or no human control.
/ˌθriːˈdiː ˈprɪn.tɪŋ/
layered object manufacturing
A process that builds solid objects layer by layer from a digital design.
/ˌnæn.əʊ.tɛkˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
science at tiny scale
The branch of technology that works with materials and devices at the scale of atoms and molecules.
/dʒiːn ˈθɛr.ə.pi/
treating disease via genes
A medical treatment that changes a person's genes to prevent or cure disease.
/stɛm sɛl/
versatile body cell
A special cell that can develop into many different types of cell in the body.
/ˈɔː.ɡən ˈtrænz.plɑːnt/
replacing a body organ
A medical operation in which a damaged organ is replaced with a healthy one from a donor.
/ˌɛm.ɑːrˈaɪ/
magnetic body scan
A medical scan that uses strong magnets and radio waves to make detailed images inside the body.
/ˌsiːˈtiː skæn/
cross-section X-ray scan
A medical scan that combines many X-ray images to show detailed cross-sections of the body.
/ˈʌl.trə.saʊnd/
high-frequency sound imaging
A scan that uses high-frequency sound waves to make images of the inside of the body.
/ˈbaɪ.ɒp.si/
tissue sample test
The removal and examination of a small piece of tissue to check for disease.
/ˈdrɔː.ɪŋ/
picture made with lines
A picture or image made using lines, usually with a pencil, pen, or crayon.
/ˈprɪnt.meɪ.kɪŋ/
making art by printing
The art of making pictures by transferring ink from a carved or treated surface onto paper.
/sɪˈræm.ɪks/
pottery art
The art of making objects from clay that is hardened by heat, such as pots and tiles.
/ˈkɒl.ɑːʒ/
art from pasted pieces
A work of art made by sticking different materials, such as paper and photos, onto a surface.
/ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/
large arranged artwork
A large work of art arranged in a space, often designed for viewers to walk through.
/sɒŋ/
piece of music with words
A short piece of music with words that is meant to be sung.
/ˈmɛl.ə.di/
main tune
A pleasing series of musical notes that forms the main tune of a piece of music.
/ˈhɑː.mə.ni/
pleasing combined notes
The pleasing sound of musical notes played together; also a state of peaceful agreement.
/ˈrɪð.əm/
pattern of beats
A regular repeated pattern of sounds or beats in music or speech.
/biːt/
basic musical pulse
The basic unit of time in music; the steady pulse you can tap your foot to.
/ˈtɛm.pəʊ/
speed of music
The speed at which a piece of music is played; also the pace of an activity.
/təʊn/
quality of sound or mood
The quality of a sound, or the general mood or attitude expressed in speech or writing.
/kɔːd/
notes played together
Three or more musical notes played at the same time to produce a harmony.
/ˈklæs.ɪ.kəl/
traditional formal style
Relating to a traditional and formal style, especially of European orchestral and chamber music.
/dʒæz/
improvised American music
A style of music with strong rhythms and improvisation that began among African Americans.
/pɒp/
popular music
A style of modern popular music with catchy tunes that appeals to a wide audience.
/ˈhɪp.hɒp/
rhythmic spoken music
A style of music featuring rhythmic spoken lyrics, known as rapping, over strong beats.
/fəʊk/
traditional people's music
Traditional music passed down among ordinary people, often telling stories of everyday life.
/ˈɒp.ər.ə/
sung dramatic work
A dramatic work in which the story is told mostly through singing accompanied by an orchestra.
/ˈsɪm.fə.ni/
large orchestral work
A long musical composition for a full orchestra, usually in several movements.
/kənˈtʃɛə.təʊ/
solo-and-orchestra work
A musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra.
/səˈnɑː.tə/
instrumental composition
A piece of classical music for one or two instruments, usually in several movements.
/ˈnɒv.əl/
long fictional story
A long written story about imaginary people and events, published as a book.
/ʃɔːt ˈstɔː.ri/
brief fictional tale
A short piece of fiction that can usually be read in one sitting.
/ˈpəʊ.ɪm/
verse composition
A piece of writing that uses rhythm, imagery, and sometimes rhyme to express feelings or ideas.
/ˈɛs.eɪ/
short non-fiction piece
A short piece of writing that presents the author's argument or thoughts on a subject.
/ˈmɛm.wɑː/
personal life account
A book in which someone writes about their own experiences and memories.
/baɪˈɒɡ.rə.fi/
account of a life
A written account of another person's life, usually covering their whole life.
/ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.rə.fi/
self-written life story
The story of a person's life written by that person themselves.
/ˈmɛt.ə.fɔː/
figurative comparison
A way of describing something by saying it is something else, to suggest a likeness.
/ˈsɪm.ɪ.li/
comparison using like or as
A figure of speech that compares two things using the words 'like' or 'as'.
/ˈæl.ɪ.ɡər.i/
story with hidden meaning
A story or image in which characters and events stand for deeper moral or political meanings.
/ˈaɪ.rə.ni/
meaning opposite to words
The use of words to express the opposite of their literal meaning, often for humour or effect.
/ˈsæt.aɪə/
mocking criticism
Writing or art that uses humour, exaggeration, or irony to criticise people or society.
/ˈsɪm.bə.lɪ.zəm/
use of symbols
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities in art and literature.
/ˈɪm.ɪ.dʒər.i/
vivid descriptive language
Vivid descriptive language that creates pictures in the reader's mind.
/ˈnær.ə.tɪv/
told story or account
A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.
/plɒt/
sequence of story events
The series of connected events that make up the main story of a book, play, or film.
/ˈkær.ək.tə/
person in a story
A person in a story, play, or film; also a person's qualities and personality.
/prəˈtæɡ.ən.ɪst/
main character
The main character in a story, around whom the events of the plot revolve.
/ænˈtæɡ.ən.ɪst/
opposing character
A character who opposes the main character and creates conflict in a story.
/ˈhɪə.rəʊ/
admired brave figure
The main good character of a story, or a person admired for courage and noble deeds.
/ˈvɪl.ən/
evil character
A wicked character in a story who opposes the hero, or a real wrongdoer.
/nəˈreɪ.tə/
one who tells the story
The voice or person who tells the story in a book, film, or play.
/pəˈspɛk.tɪv/
point of view
A particular way of viewing things; in art, the technique of showing depth on a flat surface.
/θiːm/
central idea
The central idea or message explored in a story, poem, or work of art.
/ˈsɛt.ɪŋ/
time and place of a story
The time and place in which the events of a story happen.
/ˌrɛz.əˈluː.ʃən/
story's ending
The part of a story where the main problems are solved and the plot comes to an end.
/steɪdʒ/
theatre platform
The raised area in a theatre where actors perform; also a step in a process.
/ˈæk.tə/
performer in a play or film
A person who performs a role in a play, film, or television programme.
/skrɪpt/
written text of a play
The written text of a play, film, or broadcast, including dialogue and stage directions.
/rɪˈhɜː.səl/
practice before performance
A practice session in which performers prepare for a public show.
/ˈɔː.di.əns/
group of viewers
The group of people who watch or listen to a performance, film, or speech.
/əˈplɔːz/
clapping in approval
The sound of people clapping their hands to show approval or appreciation.
/ˈkɜː.tən kɔːl/
final bow on stage
The moment at the end of a performance when the actors return to the stage to receive applause.
/fɪlm/
motion picture
A story or set of moving images recorded to be shown in cinemas or on screens.
/ˈmuː.vi/
motion picture
A story told with moving pictures and sound, shown in cinemas or on screens.
/prəˈdjuː.sə/
person who oversees production
A person who organises and controls the money and planning of a film, show, or recording.
/ˈskriːn.pleɪ/
film script
The written script for a film, including the dialogue and descriptions of the action.
/ˌdɒk.jəˈmɛn.tər.i/
factual film
A film or programme that presents facts and real events rather than a fictional story.
/ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
moving drawn images
The technique of making drawings or models appear to move, as in cartoons and animated films.
/ˈspɛʃ.əl ɪˈfɛkts/
created visual illusions
Images or illusions created for films using technology to show things that are impossible to film normally.
/ˈsaʊnd.træk/
music of a film
The recorded music and sound that accompanies a film or programme.
/ˈbæl.eɪ/
classical dance form
A formal style of dance that tells a story through graceful, controlled movements and music.
/kənˈtɛm.pər.ər.i/
modern, present-day
Belonging to the present time; in the arts, modern in style rather than traditional.
/ˌkɒr.iˈɒɡ.rə.fi/
design of dance movements
The art of arranging the steps and movements of a dance.
/pəˈfɔː.mə/
one who entertains
A person who entertains an audience by acting, singing, dancing, or playing music.
/ˌɪm.prə.vaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
spontaneous performance
The act of performing or creating something without preparation, making it up as you go.
/ɪkˈsprɛʃ.ən/
showing of feeling
The act of showing thoughts or feelings through art, words, or the face; also a set phrase.
/ˈkɒs.tjuːm/
performance clothing
A set of clothes worn by an actor or performer to suit a character or period.
/ˈeə.pɔːt/
place for flights
A place where aircraft take off and land and passengers board planes.
/həʊˈtɛl/
place to stay
A building where travellers can pay to sleep and eat for a short time.
/hɛd/
top part of the body
The part of the body above the neck containing the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.
/hɑːt/
blood-pumping organ
The organ in the chest that pumps blood around the body; also the centre of feelings.
/ˈɒf.ɪs/
place of work
A room or building where people work, usually at desks.
/ˈmiː.tɪŋ/
gathering to discuss
An event where people come together to discuss something or make decisions.
/ˈfɛs.tɪ.vəl/
celebration event
A special time of celebration, often with music, food, and activities.
/lɜːn/
gain knowledge
To gain knowledge or skill by study, experience, or being taught.
/tiːtʃ/
give knowledge
To give someone knowledge or skill by explaining or showing them.
/ˈdɪf.ɪ.kəlt/
hard to do
Needing much effort or skill to do or understand; not easy.
/waɪ/
for what reason
A word used to ask the reason or purpose for something.
/ˈbrɛk.fəst/
first meal of the day
The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.
/sliːp/
rest unconsciously
To rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body inactive.
/ˈfɒr.ɪst/
large wooded area
A large area of land thickly covered with trees.
/ˈdɒk.tə/
medical professional
A person trained and qualified to treat people who are ill or injured.
/əˈfreɪd/
feeling fear
Feeling fear or worry that something bad may happen.
/breɪk daʊn/
stop working; collapse
To stop functioning, as a machine or vehicle; also to lose emotional control or analyse into parts.
/ˈkæ.ri aʊt/
perform; complete a task
To perform or complete a task, plan, or instruction.
/ɡɪv ʌp/
stop trying; quit
To stop trying to do something, or to surrender a habit or possession.
/lʊk ˈfɔː.wəd tuː/
anticipate with pleasure
To feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
/rʌn ˈɪn.tuː/
meet by chance
To meet someone unexpectedly, or to encounter a problem or difficulty.
/lʊk ʌp/
search for information
To search for information in a book, list, or online; also to improve.
/tɜːn daʊn/
reject; lower
To refuse an offer or request, or to reduce the volume or intensity of something.
/tɜːn ʌp/
arrive; appear
To arrive or appear, often unexpectedly, or to increase volume or intensity.
/ʃəʊ ʌp/
arrive; appear
To arrive or appear at a place, especially when expected.
/pʊt ɒf/
postpone; discourage
To delay or postpone something, or to make someone dislike or lose interest.
/kɔːl ɒf/
cancel
To cancel an event or stop an activity that is planned or in progress.
/ɡet əˈlɒŋ/
have good relations
To have a friendly or harmonious relationship with someone.
/fɔːl aʊt/
argue; quarrel
To have an argument and stop being friendly with someone.
/meɪk ʌp/
reconcile; invent
To become friendly again after an argument, or to invent a story or excuse.
/breɪk ʌp/
end a relationship
To end a romantic relationship, or to separate into smaller pieces.
/brɪŋ ʌp/
raise; mention
To raise a child, or to introduce a topic into conversation.
/ɡrəʊ ʌp/
become an adult
To develop from a child into an adult, or to behave more maturely.
/faɪnd aʊt/
discover; learn
To discover a fact or piece of information, often by effort or chance.
/wɜːk aʊt/
solve; exercise
To solve a problem or calculate something; also to do physical exercise.
/ˈfɪɡ.ər aʊt/
understand; solve
To understand or solve something after thinking about it.
/ɡet ʌp/
rise from bed
To rise from bed or from a sitting position.
/weɪk ʌp/
stop sleeping
To stop sleeping and become conscious; to make someone do so.
/pʊt ɒn/
dress in; pretend
To dress oneself in clothing, or to pretend or feign something.
/teɪk ɒf/
remove; leave ground
To remove clothing, or for an aircraft to leave the ground; also to become successful.
/ɡet ɒn/
board; progress
To board a vehicle, or to make progress, or to have a good relationship.
/ɡet ɒf/
leave a vehicle
To leave a bus, train, or other vehicle; also to escape punishment.
/set ʌp/
arrange; establish
To arrange, establish, or prepare something, such as equipment or a business.
/set ɒf/
begin a journey; trigger
To begin a journey, or to cause something to start, such as an alarm.
/lʊk ˈɑːf.tə/
take care of
To take care of someone or something, ensuring their wellbeing.
/lʊk ˈɪn.tuː/
investigate
To investigate or examine something in order to find out the facts.
/kʌm əˈkrɒs/
find by chance; seem
To find something by chance, or to give a particular impression.
/ˈkæ.ri ɒn/
continue
To continue doing something, often despite difficulty.
/ɡəʊ ɒn/
continue; happen
To continue, or to happen; also used to encourage someone.
/həʊld ɒn/
wait; grip
To wait for a short time, or to keep a firm grip on something.
/hæŋ ɒn/
wait; grip
To wait briefly, or to hold tightly to something.
/pɪk ʌp/
collect; learn
To collect someone or something, or to acquire a skill or habit casually.
/drɒp ɒf/
deliver; fall asleep
To deliver someone or something to a place, or to fall asleep.
/teɪk ˈɑːf.tə/
resemble a relative
To resemble an older relative in appearance or character.
/ɡet ˈəʊ.və/
recover from
To recover from an illness, shock, or difficult experience.
/kʌm ʌp wɪð/
produce an idea
To produce or think of an idea, plan, or solution.
/lʊk aʊt/
be careful; watch
To be careful or watch for possible danger.
/wɒtʃ aʊt/
be careful
To be careful and alert to a danger or problem.
/ɡɪv ɪn/
surrender; yield
To stop resisting and agree to something you previously opposed.
/teɪk ʌp/
start a hobby; occupy
To start a new hobby or activity, or to occupy time or space.
/pʊt ʌp wɪð/
tolerate
To tolerate or endure something unpleasant without complaining.
/ɡet baɪ/
manage; survive
To manage to survive or cope, especially with limited resources.
/end ʌp/
finish in a state
To finally be in a particular place or situation, often unexpectedly.
/tɜːn aʊt/
prove to be; attend
To prove to be the case in the end, or to attend an event.
/brɪŋ əˈbaʊt/
cause to happen
To cause something to happen, especially a change.
/pɔɪnt aʊt/
draw attention to
To tell someone about a fact or to indicate something physically.
/fɪl ɪn/
complete a form; substitute
To complete a form with information, or to substitute for someone.
/fɪl aʊt/
complete a form
To complete a form by writing the required information.
/kʌm ʌp/
arise; be mentioned
To arise or occur, especially as a topic or unexpected event.
/ɡəʊ ɒf/
explode; sound; spoil
To explode or sound suddenly, or for food to become rotten.
/ɡet bæk/
return
To return to a place, or to receive something again after lending it.
/kʌm bæk/
return
To return to a place or to a previous state or popularity.
/ɡəʊ θruː/
examine; experience
To examine something carefully, or to experience a difficult time.
/teɪk ˈəʊ.və/
assume control
To assume control or responsibility for something, such as a company or task.
/hænd ɪn/
submit
To submit or give something to a person in authority.
/hænd aʊt/
distribute
To distribute or give things to several people.
/bæk ʌp/
support; copy data
To support someone, or to make a copy of computer data for safety.
/tʃek ɪn/
register arrival
To register your arrival at a hotel, airport, or event.
/tʃek aʊt/
leave; examine
To pay and leave a hotel, or to look at or investigate something.
/kɑːm daʊn/
become less agitated
To become or make someone become less angry, anxious, or excited.
/tʃɪər ʌp/
become happier
To become happier, or to make someone feel happier.
/rʌn aʊt/
have no more left
To use all of something so that none remains.
/juːz ʌp/
consume completely
To consume or finish the whole of a supply.
/sɔːt aʊt/
resolve; organise
To resolve a problem or to organise something into order.
/ˈset.l̩ daʊn/
become calm; live stably
To become calm and quiet, or to start living a stable, routine life.
/kʌm daʊn wɪð/
catch an illness
To begin to suffer from an illness, usually a minor one.
/piːs əv keɪk/
very easy task
Something that is very easy to do.
/breɪk ði aɪs/
ease social tension
To do or say something to relieve tension and start a conversation among strangers.
/hɪt ðə sæk/
go to bed
To go to bed in order to sleep.
/ˈʌn.də ðə ˈweð.ə/
feeling unwell
Feeling slightly ill or unwell.
/spɪl ðə biːnz/
reveal a secret
To reveal secret information, often accidentally or prematurely.
/let ðə kæt aʊt əv ðə bæɡ/
reveal a secret
To reveal a secret carelessly or by mistake.
/wʌns ɪn ə bluː muːn/
very rarely
Very rarely; almost never.
/kɒst ən ɑːm ənd ə leɡ/
be very expensive
To be extremely expensive.
/breɪk ðə bæŋk/
be too expensive
To cost more money than one can afford.
/hɪt ðə neɪl ɒn ðə hed/
be exactly right
To describe or identify something exactly and accurately.
/wʌns ˈbɪt.n̩ twaɪs ʃaɪ/
cautious after harm
Being cautious about something after a previous bad experience.
/ðə bɔːl ɪz ɪn jɔː kɔːt/
your turn to act
It is now your responsibility to take the next action or make a decision.
/baɪt ðə ˈbʊl.ɪt/
endure something hard
To force yourself to do something unpleasant or to endure a painful situation bravely.
/feɪs ðə ˈmjuː.zɪk/
accept consequences
To accept and deal with the unpleasant consequences of one's actions.
/ðə lɑːst strɔː/
final tolerable thing
The final problem in a series that makes a situation unbearable.
/ə ˈbles.ɪŋ ɪn dɪsˈɡaɪz/
hidden good fortune
Something that seems bad at first but turns out to be good.
/ˈev.ri klaʊd həz ə ˈsɪl.və ˈlaɪ.nɪŋ/
hope amid trouble
Every difficult situation has some positive aspect.
/kɪl tuː bɜːdz wɪð wʌn stəʊn/
achieve two aims at once
To accomplish two things with a single action.
/ðə best əv bəʊθ wɜːldz/
advantages of two options
A situation in which you enjoy the advantages of two different things at once.
/spiːk əv ðə ˈdev.l̩/
person just mentioned appears
Said when a person you were just talking about unexpectedly appears.
/kʌt ˈkɔː.nəz/
do something cheaply
To do something in the easiest, quickest, or cheapest way, often sacrificing quality.
/ɒn ðə seɪm peɪdʒ/
in agreement
Having the same understanding or sharing the same opinion about something.
/ðə tɪp əv ði ˈaɪs.bɜːɡ/
small visible part
A small, visible part of a much larger hidden problem.
/ə stɔːm ɪn ə ˈtiː.kʌp/
fuss over nothing
A lot of unnecessary anger or worry about an unimportant matter.
/biːt əˈraʊnd ðə bʊʃ/
avoid the main point
To avoid talking about something directly or to delay getting to the point.
/ɡet kəʊld fiːt/
lose nerve
To suddenly become too nervous to do something you had planned.
/hɪt ðə rəʊd/
leave; start a journey
To leave a place or to begin a journey.
/kɔːl ɪt ə deɪ/
stop working
To decide to stop working on something, either for now or permanently.
/pʊl ˈsʌm.wʌnz leɡ/
tease playfully
To tease or joke with someone by telling them something untrue in fun.
/ɪn ðə seɪm bəʊt/
in the same situation
In the same difficult situation as other people.
/ɡɪv ˈsʌm.wʌn ə piːs əv maɪ maɪnd/
scold angrily
To tell someone angrily and frankly what you think of their behaviour.
/ðə ˈbɪɡ.ə ˈpɪk.tʃə/
overall situation
The most important facts about a situation and its long-term effects, rather than small details.
/bɜːn ðə ˈmɪd.naɪt ɔɪl/
work late at night
To work or study late into the night.
/ði ˈel.ɪ.fənt ɪn ðə ruːm/
obvious unspoken issue
An obvious major problem that everyone is aware of but no one wants to discuss.
/wen pɪɡz flaɪ/
never
Used to say that something will never happen.
/kraɪ ˈəʊ.və spɪlt mɪlk/
regret the unchangeable
To waste time being upset about something bad that has already happened and cannot be changed.
/ə daɪm ə ˈdʌz.n̩/
common and cheap
So common as to be almost worthless.
/bæk tə ðə ˈdrɔː.ɪŋ bɔːd/
start over after failure
Used to say that an idea has failed and you must start planning again from the beginning.
/ðə həʊl naɪn jɑːdz/
everything possible
Everything that is possible or available; the complete amount.
/æd ˈfjuː.əl tə ðə ˈfaɪ.ə/
worsen a situation
To do or say something that makes a bad situation or an argument even worse.
/ði ˈaɪ.sɪŋ ɒn ðə keɪk/
a final bonus
An extra good thing that makes an already good situation even better.
/riːd bɪˈtwiːn ðə laɪnz/
find hidden meaning
To understand a hidden or implied meaning that is not stated directly.
/ɡet ðə bɔːl ˈrəʊl.ɪŋ/
start something
To start an activity or process that involves several people.
/dʒʌmp ɒn ðə ˈbænd.wæɡ.ən/
join a trend
To join an activity or support a cause only because it is currently popular or successful.
/ðə ɡrɑːs ɪz ˈɔːl.weɪz ˈɡriː.nə/
others seem better off
The belief that other people's situations always seem better than your own.
/bend ˈəʊ.və ˈbæk.wədz/
try very hard to help
To make a great effort to help or please someone.
/ɡəʊ ði ˈek.strə maɪl/
make extra effort
To make more effort than is expected or required.
/ə teɪst əv jɔːr əʊn ˈmed.ɪ.sn̩/
same bad treatment
The same unpleasant treatment that you have given to others.
/mɪs ðə bəʊt/
miss an opportunity
To miss an opportunity by being too slow to act.
/siː aɪ tu aɪ/
agree fully
To agree completely with someone.
/ðə kriːm əv ðə krɒp/
the very best
The best people or things in a particular group.
/ə drɒp ɪn ði ˈəʊ.ʃn̩/
tiny amount
A very small amount compared with the much larger amount that is needed.
/θrəʊ ɪn ðə ˈtaʊ.əl/
give up
To admit defeat and stop trying.
/ɒn θɪn aɪs/
in a risky situation
In a risky or precarious situation that could easily go wrong.
/ði ˈɜː.li bɜːd ˈkætʃ.ɪz ðə wɜːm/
act early to succeed
The person who acts first or arrives earliest has the best chance of success.
/həʊld jɔː ˈhɔː.sɪz/
wait; slow down
Used to tell someone to wait or to slow down and be patient.
/ə ˈpɜː.fɪkt stɔːm/
rare bad combination
A rare combination of events that together create a uniquely bad or disastrous situation.
/ruːl əv θʌm/
rough practical guide
A general principle based on experience and practice rather than exact measurement.
/θruː θɪk ənd θɪn/
in good and bad times
Through both good and difficult times; loyally and steadfastly.
/ə waɪld ɡuːs tʃeɪs/
futile search
A long and useless search for something that is difficult or impossible to find.
/stiːl ˈsʌm.wʌnz ˈθʌn.də/
take another's credit
To take attention or praise away from someone by doing or saying their idea first.
/baɪt ɒf mɔː ðən ju kən tʃuː/
take on too much
To try to do more than you are able to manage.
/wʌns ənd fər ɔːl/
finally; definitively
Finally and completely, so that a matter is settled for ever.
/ðə ˈraɪ.tɪŋ ɒn ðə wɔːl/
sign of coming trouble
A clear sign that something, usually bad, is going to happen.
/ə ˈniː.dl̩ ɪn ə ˈheɪ.stæk/
nearly impossible to find
Something that is extremely difficult or impossible to find.
/kʌt tə ðə tʃeɪs/
get to the point
To get to the most important point without wasting time.
/ə ˈbɪt.ə pɪl tə ˈswɒl.əʊ/
unpleasant fact to accept
An unpleasant fact or situation that is difficult to accept.
/bɜːn jɔː ˈbrɪdʒ.ɪz/
destroy relationships
To do something that makes it impossible to return to a previous situation or relationship.
/ɒn ðə tɪp əv maɪ tʌŋ/
almost remembered
Used when you are sure you know something but cannot quite remember it at that moment.
/pʊt ɔːl jɔːr eɡz ɪn wʌn ˈbɑːs.kɪt/
risk everything on one thing
To risk everything on a single plan or opportunity instead of spreading the risk.
/juːˈbɪk.wɪ.təs/
present everywhere
Seeming to be present or found everywhere at the same time, often to the point of being unavoidable.
/ˈpær.ə.daɪm/
model or pattern
A typical example or model of something, or a framework of shared assumptions within a field.
/ˈnjuː.ɑːns/
subtle difference
A subtle or slight difference in meaning, expression, tone, or quality that is easy to overlook.
/æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/
open to interpretation
Having more than one possible meaning, so that it is unclear which interpretation is intended.
/kəʊˈhɪə.rənt/
logically connected
Logical, consistent, and clearly connected so that the parts form a unified whole.
/ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
based on observation
Based on observation, experiment, or direct experience rather than on theory alone.
/ɪnˈhɪə.rənt/
existing as a basic part
Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or natural part of its character.
/præɡˈmæt.ɪk/
practical and realistic
Dealing with problems in a practical, realistic way rather than relying on theory or ideals.
/ˈsʌt.əl/
delicate or not obvious
So delicate or precise that it is difficult to notice, analyse, or describe.
/prəˈfaʊnd/
very deep or intense
Showing or requiring great depth of knowledge, insight, or feeling; very intense.
/ˈɑː.bɪ.trər.i/
based on chance or whim
Based on random choice or personal whim rather than on any reason, system, or principle.
/ˈrɪɡ.ər.əs/
extremely thorough
Extremely thorough, careful, and demanding in accuracy or attention to detail.
/ˈtæn.dʒə.bəl/
real and concrete
Real and concrete enough to be perceived, measured, or clearly demonstrated.
/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/
clearly stated
Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
/ɪmˈplɪs.ɪt/
implied not stated
Suggested or understood without being directly expressed.
/ˈfiː.zə.bəl/
possible to do
Capable of being done or achieved successfully; practical and realistic.
/rəʊˈbʌst/
strong and resilient
Strong, healthy, and able to withstand difficult conditions or demands.
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv/
complete and thorough
Complete and including all or nearly all relevant elements, details, or aspects.
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/
basic and essential
Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.
/səbˈstæn.ʃəl/
large or significant
Large in amount, size, or importance; considerable.
/pəˈveɪ.sɪv/
spreading throughout
Spreading widely throughout an area, group, or thing; present in every part.
/ˈprev.əl.ənt/
widespread or common
Widespread or common in a particular place or at a particular time.
/ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/
belonging naturally
Belonging naturally to something as one of its essential and inseparable qualities.
/kəʊˈhiː.sɪv/
united and connected
Forming a united, well-integrated whole in which the parts fit together.
/ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl/
capable of working
Able to work successfully or continue to exist and develop.
/məˈtɪk.jə.ləs/
very careful and precise
Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise in one's work.
/ˈskruː.pjə.ləs/
careful and honest
Very careful to do what is correct and morally right, attending to every detail.
/əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/
comparable or similar
Similar or comparable in certain respects, so that a useful comparison can be drawn.
/rɪˈdʌn.dənt/
unnecessary or repeated
More than is needed, so that part is unnecessary or repeated without adding value.
/suːˈpɜː.flu.əs/
more than needed
Unnecessary, especially because there is already enough of something.
/ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/
believable or reasonable
Seeming reasonable or probable, and therefore likely to be true or successful.
/ˈɪn.trɪ.kət/
complex and detailed
Very complicated or detailed, with many small interconnected parts.
/ɪˈlæb.ər.ət/
detailed and complicated
Involving many carefully arranged parts or details; complex and developed.
/bəˈnev.əl.ənt/
kind and generous
Kind, generous, and wishing to do good to others.
/ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/
selflessly caring
Showing a selfless concern for the well-being of others.
/mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/
generous in spirit
Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful.
/ɪˈfem.ər.əl/
lasting a short time
Lasting for only a very short time; transient and quickly fading.
/ˈtræn.zi.ənt/
temporary or passing
Lasting only for a short time; temporary and not permanent.
/ˈfliː.tɪŋ/
brief and passing
Lasting for a very short time; quickly passing away.
/ˈkæn.dɪd/
honest and direct
Truthful and straightforward, especially about difficult or sensitive matters.
/ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs/
self-governing
Acting independently or having the freedom to govern itself without outside control.
/ˈsɒv.rɪn/
supreme in authority
Possessing supreme or independent power and authority.
/ˈem.pə.θi/
sharing others' feelings
The ability to understand and share the feelings, thoughts, or experiences of another person.
/kənˈsen.səs/
general agreement
A general agreement reached among the members of a group after discussion.
/ˈhaɪə.rɑː.ki/
ranked system
A system in which people or things are ranked one above another according to status or authority.
/bjʊəˈrɒk.rə.si/
complex administration
A system of government or management run by many officials and complex, rigid procedures.
/ˈɪn.frə.strʌk.tʃər/
basic facilities
The basic physical systems and facilities, such as roads and power, needed for a society to function.
/ˈfreɪm.wɜːk/
supporting structure
A basic structure of ideas, rules, or concepts used to plan or understand something.
/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
observable event
A fact, event, or situation that can be observed, especially one whose cause is in question.
/ˌkɒr.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
mutual relationship
A relationship in which two or more things tend to change or occur together.
/kraɪˈtɪə.ri.ən/
standard of judgement
A standard or principle by which something is judged, measured, or decided.
/ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/
combination into a whole
The combination of separate ideas, elements, or substances to form a coherent whole.
/daɪˈkɒt.ə.mi/
division into two
A division or contrast between two things that are represented as entirely opposed.
/ˈpær.ə.dɒks/
contradictory truth
A statement or situation that seems to contradict itself yet may nonetheless be true.
/ˈkæt.ə.lɪst/
agent of change
Something that causes or speeds up an important change or event without itself being consumed.
/əˈnɒm.ə.li/
deviation from norm
Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.
/dɪˈskrep.ən.si/
inconsistency
A lack of agreement or consistency between two or more things that should match.
/ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
likely consequence
A possible consequence or effect of an action, or something suggested without being said.
/ˈprem.ɪs/
basis of an argument
A statement or idea taken to be true and used as the basis for an argument or reasoning.
/ˈret.ər.ɪk/
persuasive language
The art of using language effectively and persuasively, sometimes implying empty showiness.
/iːsˈθet.ɪk/
concerning beauty
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty and artistic taste.
/ˈel.ə.kwənt/
fluent and persuasive
Fluent, expressive, and persuasive in speaking or writing.
/kənˈsaɪs/
brief and clear
Giving a lot of information clearly in a few words; brief but comprehensive.
/vɜːˈbəʊs/
using too many words
Using or containing more words than are needed; long-winded.
/mʌnˈdeɪn/
ordinary and dull
Lacking interest or excitement; ordinary, dull, and concerned with everyday matters.
/ˈtrɪv.i.əl/
of little importance
Of little value or importance; not worth serious attention.
/ˈfjuː.taɪl/
pointless or useless
Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless and doomed to fail.
/ɪnˈev.ɪ.tə.bəl/
certain to happen
Certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
/ˈpær.ə.maʊnt/
most important
More important than anything else; supreme in rank or significance.
/ɒsˈten.sə.bəl/
apparent but not real
Stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so; seeming rather than actual.
/məˈtɪk.jə.ləs.li/
with great care
In a way that shows extreme care and precise attention to every detail.
/ˌɪn.ədˈvɜː.tənt.li/
unintentionally
Without intention or awareness; by accident rather than on purpose.
/ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/
examine closely
To examine or inspect something very closely and critically.
/fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt/
make easier
To make an action, process, or outcome easier or more likely to happen.
/ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
make less severe
To make something bad or harmful less serious, severe, or painful.
/ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/
make worse
To make a problem, situation, or feeling worse or more severe.
/ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/
weaken gradually
To weaken or damage something, often gradually and not obviously.
/ˈæd.və.keɪt/
publicly support
To publicly support or recommend a particular cause, policy, or course of action.
/dɪˈlɪn.i.eɪt/
describe precisely
To describe, outline, or define something precisely and in detail.
/səbˈstæn.ʃi.eɪt/
support with evidence
To provide evidence that supports or proves the truth of a claim.
/kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt/
confirm with evidence
To confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding with additional evidence.
/ˈrek.ən.saɪl/
make compatible
To make two apparently conflicting things or people compatible or in agreement.
/ˌdɪf.əˈren.ʃi.eɪt/
tell apart
To recognise or express the difference between things, or to make something distinct.
/əkˈsen.tʃu.eɪt/
emphasize
To make something more noticeable or prominent; to emphasise.
/əˈliː.vi.eɪt/
ease or relieve
To make pain, suffering, or a problem less severe.
/kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/
combine or strengthen
To combine several things into a single, stronger whole, or to make something more secure.
/pəˈpet.ju.eɪt/
cause to continue
To make something, especially a belief or situation, continue indefinitely.
/ˈkɒn.stɪ.tjuːt/
make up or form
To be the parts that make up a whole, or to be equivalent to something.
/ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/
total combined whole
A whole formed by combining several separate elements or amounts.
/ɪnˈsen.tɪv/
motivating reward
Something that motivates or encourages a person to act in a particular way.
/ˈliː.vər.ɪdʒ/
power to influence
The power to influence a situation, or the strategic use of resources to gain advantage.
/kəˈmɒd.ɪ.ti/
tradable good
A raw material or basic good that can be bought and sold, often interchangeably.
/ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/
business founder
A person who organises and takes on the financial risks of starting a new business.
/rɪˈseʃ.ən/
economic decline
A period of temporary economic decline marked by reduced trade and rising unemployment.
/ˈsɜː.pləs/
excess amount
An amount that is more than what is needed or used; an excess.
/ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
legal responsibility
A legal or financial responsibility, debt, or something that puts one at a disadvantage.
/ˈdɪv.ɪ.dend/
shareholder payment
A sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits.
/hjʊəˈrɪs.tɪk/
practical shortcut
A practical method or mental shortcut that helps find a good enough solution quickly.
/ˌpær.ə.dɪɡˈmæt.ɪk/
serving as a model
Serving as a typical example or model of something.
/ˈkwɒn.tɪ.tə.tɪv/
measured by quantity
Relating to or measured by the quantity or amount of something rather than its quality.
/ˈkwɒl.ɪ.tə.tɪv/
measured by quality
Relating to the quality or nature of something rather than its measurable quantity.
/ˌθɪəˈret.ɪ.kəl/
based on theory
Based on or concerned with theory and ideas rather than practical application.
/ˈæb.strækt/
not concrete
Existing as an idea or concept rather than as a physical or concrete thing.
/əbˈdʒek.tɪv/
free of bias
Based on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; unbiased.
/səbˈdʒek.tɪv/
based on opinion
Based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than on external facts.
/dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/
final and authoritative
Done or reached decisively and authoritatively, so as to settle a matter conclusively.
/prɪˈlɪm.ɪ.nər.i/
coming before
Coming before and preparing for something more important; introductory.
/ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk/
methodical and organized
Done or acting according to a fixed plan or organised system; methodical.
/daɪˈnæm.ɪk/
constantly changing
Characterised by constant change, activity, or energy; full of force and movement.
/ˈstæt.ɪk/
not changing
Lacking movement, action, or change; staying the same.
/ˈvɒl.ə.taɪl/
unstable or changeable
Liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, often for the worse.
/ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/
easily understood
Easy to understand or use without conscious reasoning, or based on instinct.
/səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/
complex and refined
Highly developed, complex, or refined in design, thought, or taste.
/kəmˈpel.ɪŋ/
powerfully convincing
Powerfully convincing, interesting, or attractive; commanding attention.
/ɪnˈhɪə.rənt.li/
by its nature
In a way that exists as a permanent, essential part of something's nature.
/prɪˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt.li/
mainly or mostly
For the most part; mainly or chiefly.
/ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwənt.li/
as a result
As a result of something that has just been mentioned; therefore.
/ˌnʌn.ðəˈles/
in spite of that
In spite of what has just been said; nevertheless.
/ɒsˈten.sə.bli/
apparently
As appears or is stated to be true, though perhaps not really so.
/ˈskruː.tɪ.ni/
close examination
Critical observation or examination; close and careful inspection.
/lɪˈdʒɪt.ɪ.mə.si/
rightful authority
The condition of being lawful, justified, or generally accepted as valid and rightful.
/ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/
system of beliefs
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one forming the basis of political or economic policy.
/əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/
absorption into a group
The process by which a person or group becomes part of and similar to a larger group or culture.
/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk/
relating to populations
Relating to the structure and statistical characteristics of human populations.
/iˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
believing in equality
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights.
/ˈsek.jə.lər/
not religious
Not connected with religious or spiritual matters; concerned with worldly affairs.
/ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kli/
through observation
In a way based on observation or experiment rather than theory.
/ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
relating to thinking
Relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, reasoning, and understanding.
/ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.sɪst/
believer in observation
A person who holds that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience and observation.
/ˈkæt.ə.laɪz/
trigger change
To cause or accelerate a reaction or process, especially an important change.
/ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt/
extend from known data
To estimate or infer something unknown by extending known information or trends.
/ɪˈnjuː.mə.reɪt/
list one by one
To name or list things one by one, often in a precise and complete way.
/ɪˈpɪt.ə.maɪz/
be a perfect example
To be a perfect or typical example of a quality or type.
/ˈdʒʌk.stə.pəʊz/
place side by side
To place two or more things close together, especially to highlight a contrast.
/dɪˈsem.ɪ.neɪt/
spread widely
To spread information, ideas, or material widely among many people.
/ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/
reach a climax
To reach the highest or final point of something, especially after a long process.
/ˈsteɪkˌhoʊl.dər/
interested party
A person or group with an interest in or affected by a project, business, or decision.
/səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
long-term viability
The ability to maintain something over time without depleting resources or causing lasting harm.
/ˈskeɪ.lə.bəl/
able to grow
Capable of being expanded or increased in size or capacity without losing performance.
/ˈɒnˌbɔːr.dɪŋ/
integrating newcomers
The process of integrating a new employee or user into an organization or system.
/dɪˈlɪv.ər.ə.bəl/
required output
A tangible or intangible output that must be produced and handed over as part of a project.
/ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn/
key project point
A significant point or event marking progress in a project or process.
/ˈbɛntʃˌmɑːrk/
standard for comparison
A standard or reference point against which things may be compared or assessed.
/ˈwɜːrkˌfloʊ/
sequence of tasks
The sequence of steps or processes through which work passes from start to completion.
/ˈiː.koʊˌsɪs.təm/
interconnected system
A complex network of interconnected parts, originally biological but now often used for technology or business.
/ˈɪn.tərˌfeɪs/
connection point
A point or system where two things meet and interact, especially between a user and a machine.
/ˈmɛt.əˌdeɪ.tə/
data about data
Information that describes other data, such as the author, date, or format of a file.
/ˈsɪn.ər.dʒi/
combined benefit
The extra benefit produced when two or more things work together more effectively than separately.
/ˈaʊtˌsɔːrs/
hire externally
To obtain goods or services from an outside supplier rather than producing them in-house.
/ˌɪt.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
repeated cycle
A repetition of a process, or one version produced in a cycle of gradual improvement.
/ləˈdʒɪs.tɪks/
coordinating operations
The detailed organization and management of a complex operation, especially moving goods or people.
/kəmˈplaɪ.əns/
following rules
The act of conforming to laws, regulations, standards, or requirements.
/ˈmɛt.rɪks/
measurements
Quantifiable measures used to track and assess performance or progress.
/ˈɒp.təˌmaɪz/
make most effective
To make something as effective, efficient, or functional as possible.
/ˈædʒ.aɪl/
flexible iterative method
Describing a flexible, iterative approach to project work, especially in software development.
/ˈdæʃˌbɔːrd/
data display panel
A visual interface that displays key information, metrics, and controls at a glance.
/ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/
sequential process
A series of connected stages through which work, data, or products pass in sequence.
/ˈθruːˌpʊt/
processing rate
The amount of material or items passing through a system or process in a given time.
/ˌskeɪ.ləˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
capacity to grow
The capacity of a system or business to handle growth without losing performance.
/ˈmɒn.ɪˌtaɪz/
earn money from
To generate revenue from an asset, audience, or activity.
/dɪsˈrʌp.tɪv/
radically innovative
Describing an innovation that dramatically changes or overturns an existing market or way of working.
/ˈmɪd.əlˌwɛər/
connecting software
Software that connects different applications or services so they can communicate and share data.
/dɪˈplɔɪ.mənt/
releasing to use
The act of putting software, resources, or personnel into active use or operation.
/rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/
backup duplication
The inclusion of extra components or systems that serve as backups in case of failure.
/ˌɪn.tərˌɒp.ər.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
ability to work together
The ability of different systems or products to work together and exchange information.
/prəˈvɪʒ.ən.ɪŋ/
allocating resources
The process of setting up and allocating the resources needed for a system or service.
/ˌɔːr.kɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/
coordinated automation
The automated coordination and management of multiple systems, services, or tasks.
/ˈmaɪ.kroʊˌsɜːr.vɪs.ɪz/
small modular services
An architecture that builds an application from small, independent services that work together.
/kənˌteɪ.nər.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
packaging software units
The practice of packaging software and its dependencies into isolated, portable units called containers.
/ˈɛndˌpɔɪnt/
access point
A point at which a service or network can be accessed, or a device connected to a network.
/ɔːˌθɛn.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
verifying identity
The process of verifying that someone or something is who or what they claim to be.
/təˈlɛm.ɪ.tri/
remote data collection
The automatic measurement and transmission of data from remote sources to a receiving system.
/ˈɡræn.jə.lər/
highly detailed
Characterized by a high level of detail or by being broken into small components.
/ˈæk.ʃən.ə.bəl/
ready to act on
Describing information or advice that can be put into practice or acted upon directly.
/hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/
whole-system view
Considering something as a complete, interconnected whole rather than as separate parts.
/ˈfɔːrˌkæst/
prediction of future
A prediction or estimate of future events, especially based on present data and trends.
/prəˈkjʊər.mənt/
obtaining supplies
The process of obtaining goods or services, especially for a business or government.
/lɪˈkwɪd.ɪ.ti/
available cash
The ease with which assets can be converted into cash, or the amount of cash available.
/ˌvæl.juˈeɪ.ʃən/
estimated worth
An estimate of the monetary worth of a company, asset, or property.
/daɪˈvɜːr.sɪˌfaɪ/
spread variety
To increase the variety of something, especially to spread risk or expand offerings.
/ɪnˈsɛn.tɪˌvaɪz/
motivate with reward
To provide someone with a reason or reward to act in a particular way.
/ˈstriːmˌlaɪn/
make more efficient
To make a process or system simpler, smoother, or more efficient.
/skoʊp/
extent of work
The extent of the area, subject matter, or work that something deals with.
/kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/
backup plan
A future event or circumstance that is possible but not certain, or a plan for it.
/ˈɛs.kəˌleɪt/
raise to higher level
To increase in intensity, or to refer an issue to a higher authority for resolution.
/ˈdɛl.ɪˌɡeɪt/
assign to others
To assign responsibility or authority for a task to another person.
/kəˈlæb.əˌreɪt/
work together
To work jointly with others, especially on an intellectual or creative project.
/praɪˈɒr.ɪˌtaɪz/
rank by importance
To arrange or deal with tasks in order of their relative importance.
/ˈbɒt.əlˌnɛk/
limiting constraint
A point of congestion or a stage in a process that limits overall capacity or speed.
/kæʃ/
fast temporary storage
A store of data kept temporarily so future requests for it can be served faster.
/ˈkwɪər.i/
data request
A request for information, especially a structured request sent to a database.
/ˈskiː.mə/
structural blueprint
A structured outline or model defining how data is organized in a database or document.
/rɪˈpɒz.ɪˌtɔːr.i/
central storage
A central place where data, code, or documents are stored and managed.
/ˈvɜːr.ʒən kənˈtroʊl/
tracking code changes
A system that records changes to files over time so specific versions can be recalled.
/ˈsændˌbɒks/
isolated test space
An isolated environment where software can be tested safely without affecting other systems.
/ˈfaɪərˌwɔːl/
network security barrier
A security system that monitors and controls network traffic to block unauthorized access.
/ˈproʊ.təˌkɒl/
set of rules
A set of rules governing how data is exchanged or how a procedure is carried out.
/skoʊp kriːp/
uncontrolled expansion
The gradual, uncontrolled expansion of a project's goals beyond its original plan.
/ˌkeɪ.piːˈaɪ/
key performance indicator
A measurable value that shows how effectively an objective is being achieved.
/ˌɑːr.oʊˈaɪ/
return on investment
A measure of the profit or benefit gained relative to the cost of an investment.
/tʃɜːrn/
customer loss rate
The rate at which customers stop using a product or service over a period.
/kənˈvɜːr.ʒən/
completed desired action
The point at which a visitor or prospect completes a desired action, such as a purchase.
/ˌsɛɡ.mɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/
dividing into groups
The division of a market or dataset into distinct groups with shared characteristics.
/rɪˈtɛn.ʃən/
keeping customers
The ability to keep customers, employees, or users over time.
/ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
gaining customers or firms
The act of gaining customers, or one company purchasing another.
/ˈpɪv.ət/
change direction strategically
To make a fundamental change in strategy or business direction.
/ˈbuːtˌstræp/
start without outside funding
To start and build a business using only personal resources, without external investment.
/ˈrʌnˌweɪ/
time before cash runs out
The length of time a company can operate before it runs out of money.
/ˈskeɪ.lɪŋ/
growing operations
The process of growing a business or system to handle greater demand.
/ˌɔː.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/
machine-run processes
The use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention.
/ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/
combining systems
The process of combining separate systems or components so they work together.
/maɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/
moving data or systems
The process of moving data, applications, or systems from one environment to another.
/ˈbækˌlɒɡ/
accumulated pending work
A list of tasks or work that has accumulated and is waiting to be done.
/sprɪnt/
short work cycle
A short, fixed period during which a team completes a defined set of work.
/ˈstændˌʌp/
brief team meeting
A short daily meeting where team members share progress and obstacles.
/ˈroʊdˌmæp/
strategic plan
A plan outlining the goals and major steps for a project or product over time.
/ˈsteɪkˌhoʊl.dər ˈbaɪ.ɪn/
key-party agreement
The agreement and support of key interested parties for a plan or decision.
/əˈlaɪn.mənt/
shared agreement
A state of agreement or coordination between people, teams, or goals.
/ˈtʌtʃˌpɔɪnt/
customer interaction
Any point of contact between a customer and a brand or product.
/ˈfʌn.əl/
customer journey stages
A model of the stages a customer passes through from awareness to purchase.
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ.mənt/
active user involvement
The level of active involvement or interaction users have with content or a product.
/ˈvaɪ.rəl/
rapidly widely shared
Spreading quickly and widely, especially through online sharing.
/ˈkraʊdˌsɔːr.sɪŋ/
gathering public contributions
The practice of obtaining ideas, content, or funding from a large group of people, usually online.
/ˈkraʊdˌfʌn.dɪŋ/
raising money from many
The practice of funding a project by raising small amounts from many people online.
/ˈfriː.mi.əm/
free-plus-paid model
A business model offering basic features free while charging for premium features.
/səbˈskrɪp.ʃən/
recurring payment plan
An arrangement to receive a product or service through regular recurring payments.
/ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪks/
data analysis
The systematic analysis of data to discover patterns and inform decisions.
/ˌɡloʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
worldwide integration
The process by which economies, cultures, and populations become integrated worldwide.
/ˌɜːr.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
growth of cities
The increasing concentration of population in cities and the growth of urban areas.
/ˌdʒɛn.trɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
neighborhood upscaling
The process by which wealthier residents move into and change a poorer urban area.
/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
able to last
Able to be maintained over the long term without depleting resources or causing harm.
/rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/
naturally replenished
Describing an energy source that is naturally replenished, such as wind or solar.
/ˈkɑːr.bən ˈfʊtˌprɪnt/
emissions impact
The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person, organization, or activity.
/ˌbaɪ.oʊ.daɪˈvɜːr.sɪ.ti/
variety of life
The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat or on Earth as a whole.
/rɪˈzɪl.i.əns/
ability to recover
The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties or to withstand shocks.
/trænsˈpær.ən.si/
openness of operations
Openness and honesty in how an organization operates and shares information.
/əˌkaʊn.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
answerability for actions
The obligation to take responsibility for one's actions and to explain them.
/ˈɡʌv.ər.nəns/
system of oversight
The system of rules, practices, and processes by which an organization is directed and controlled.
/djuː ˈdɪl.ɪ.dʒəns/
careful investigation
The careful investigation of a business or person before signing an agreement.
/ˈɑːr.bɪˌtrɑːʒ/
profit from price gaps
The practice of profiting from price differences for the same asset in different markets.
/hɛdʒ/
reduce financial risk
To protect oneself against loss by making balancing or counteracting investments.
/pɔːrtˈfoʊ.li.oʊ/
collection of holdings
A collection of investments, projects, or works held by a person or organization.
/ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/
ownership value
The value of ownership in an asset or company after debts are subtracted.
/ˈoʊ.vərˌhɛd/
ongoing fixed costs
The ongoing operating costs of a business that are not directly tied to a product.
/ˈmɑːr.dʒɪn/
profit difference
The difference between the cost of a product and its selling price, often as a percentage.
/ˈbɛntʃˌmɑːr.kɪŋ/
comparing against standards
The practice of comparing performance against a standard or against competitors.
/ˈtɜːr.nəˌraʊnd/
recovery or completion time
The time taken to complete a task, or a dramatic recovery in a business's fortunes.
/ˌjuː.zəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
ease of use
The degree to which a product is easy and pleasant for people to use.
/əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
usability for all
The design of products and services so that people with disabilities can use them.
/ˈbækˌɛnd/
server-side system
The part of a software system that runs on the server and handles data and logic.
/ˈfrʌntˌɛnd/
user-facing interface
The part of a software system that users interact with directly in their browser or app.
/riːˈfæk.tər/
restructure code
To restructure existing code to improve it without changing what it does.
/ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl ˈprɒd.ʌkt/
basic testable version
The simplest version of a product that can be released to test an idea with users.
/rɪˈtɜːrn ɒn ɪnˈvɛst.mənt/
gain relative to cost
The benefit gained from an investment measured against its cost.
/ɪmˈplɔɪ.iː/
worker, staff member
An employee is a person who is paid to work for a company, organization, or another person.
/ˈmæn.ɪ.dʒər/
supervisor, boss
A manager is a person responsible for controlling or organizing a business, team, or group of workers.
/dɪˈrek.tər/
head, executive
A director is a senior person who manages an organization or a particular activity, such as a film.
/ˈliː.dər/
chief, guide
A leader is a person who guides, commands, or influences a group, organization, or country.
/ˈfɒl.əʊ.ər/
supporter, disciple
A follower is a person who supports and admires a leader, idea, or set of beliefs.
/ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən/
national, inhabitant
A citizen is a legally recognized member of a country who has rights and responsibilities there.
/ˈrez.ɪ.dənt/
inhabitant, occupant
A resident is a person who lives in a particular place, either permanently or for a long time.
/ˈɪm.ɪ.ɡrənt/
newcomer, settler
An immigrant is a person who comes to live permanently in a country that is not their own.
/ˌref.juˈdʒiː/
asylum seeker, exile
A refugee is a person forced to leave their country to escape war, persecution, or disaster.
/ˈtʊə.rɪst/
traveler, sightseer
A tourist is a person who travels to a place for pleasure, usually on holiday or vacation.
/ˈvɪz.ɪ.tər/
guest, caller
A visitor is a person who comes to see a place or another person for a short time.
/ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/
sick person, case
A patient is a person who is receiving medical treatment from a doctor, nurse, or hospital.
/nɜːs/
caregiver, medic
A nurse is a person trained to care for sick or injured people, usually in a hospital.
/ˈtiː.tʃər/
instructor, educator
A teacher is a person whose job is to help students learn in a school or other setting.
/ˈstjuː.dənt/
pupil, learner
A student is a person who is studying at a school, college, university, or other place of learning.
/ˈlɔɪ.ər/
attorney, solicitor
A lawyer is a person whose job is to advise people about the law and represent them in court.
/dʒʌdʒ/
magistrate, adjudicator
A judge is an official who decides cases in a court of law or who assesses a competition.
/pəˈliːs ˌɒf.ɪ.sər/
constable, cop
A police officer is a member of the police who works to maintain order and enforce the law.
/ˈfaɪəˌfaɪ.tər/
fireman, rescuer
A firefighter is a person whose job is to put out fires and rescue people from danger.
/ˈsəʊl.dʒər/
serviceman, warrior
A soldier is a person who serves in an army, especially one who is not an officer.
/ˌvɒl.ənˈtɪər/
helper, unpaid worker
A volunteer is a person who freely offers to do something, often helping others without being paid.
/ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/
campaigner, advocate
An activist is a person who works energetically to bring about political or social change.
/ˈɑː.tɪst/
painter, creator
An artist is a person who creates art, such as paintings, sculptures, music, or performances.
/ˈsaɪ.ən.tɪst/
researcher, scholar
A scientist is a person who studies or works in one of the sciences using careful methods.
/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪər/
technician, builder
An engineer is a person who designs, builds, or maintains machines, structures, or systems.
/ˈfɑː.mər/
grower, agriculturalist
A farmer is a person who owns or works on a farm, growing crops or raising animals.
/ʃef/
cook, culinary expert
A chef is a skilled professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant.
/ˈæθ.liːt/
sportsperson, competitor
An athlete is a person who is skilled in sports and trains to compete in physical events.
/mjuˈzɪʃ.ən/
player, performer
A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument or writes music, often professionally.
/ˈraɪ.tər/
author, novelist
A writer is a person who writes books, articles, or other texts, often as a profession.
/ˌpɒl.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/
statesman, lawmaker
A politician is a person who is active in government or seeks elected public office.
/ɪˈkɒn.ə.mɪst/
financial analyst
An economist is a person who studies how money, goods, and resources are produced and used.
/fɪˈlɒs.ə.fər/
thinker, sage
A philosopher is a person who studies deep questions about life, knowledge, and existence.
/saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
therapist, mind expert
A psychologist is a person who studies the human mind and how people think, feel, and behave.
/ˈdʒɜː.nə.lɪst/
reporter, correspondent
A journalist is a person who writes news reports or articles for newspapers, websites, or broadcasts.
/ˈɑː.kɪ.tekt/
designer, planner
An architect is a person who designs buildings and supervises how they are constructed.
/ɪnˈven.tər/
creator, innovator
An inventor is a person who creates new devices, processes, or ideas for the first time.
/ɪkˈsplɔː.rər/
adventurer, discoverer
An explorer is a person who travels to unknown or distant places to learn about them.
/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪər/
trailblazer, settler
A pioneer is a person who is among the first to explore, settle, or develop something new.
/sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/
star, famous person
A celebrity is a famous person, especially one well known in entertainment or sports.
/ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/
content creator
An influencer is a person who can affect others' choices by posting on social media.
/ˈvet.ər.ən/
ex-soldier, old hand
A veteran is a person who has long experience, especially someone who served in the armed forces.
/rɪˌtaɪəˈriː/
pensioner, senior
A retiree is a person who has stopped working, usually because they have reached old age.
/ˈɪn.fənt/
baby, newborn
An infant is a very young child or baby, especially one not yet able to walk or talk.
/juːθ/
young people, adolescence
Youth is the period when a person is young, or it can mean young people as a group.
/kəˈmjuː.nɪ.ti/
neighborhood, public
A community is a group of people who live in the same area or share common interests.
/səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/
civilization, public
Society is people living together in an organized community, sharing laws, customs, and institutions.
/ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
age group, era
A generation is all the people born and living at about the same time, considered as a group.
/kraʊd/
throng, mass of people
A crowd is a large number of people gathered together in one place.
/ˈkʌp.əl/
pair, two people
A couple is two people who are together, often in a romantic relationship, or simply two things.
/ˈtriː.əʊ/
threesome, group of three
A trio is a group of three people or things, especially three musicians performing together.
/ɡruːp/
set, cluster
A group is a number of people or things that are together or that belong in the same class.
/tiːm/
squad, crew
A team is a group of people who work or play together to achieve a shared goal.
/kruː/
staff, gang
A crew is a group of people who work together, especially on a ship, plane, or production.
/stɑːf/
employees, personnel
Staff are the group of people who work for an organization, business, or institution.
/ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/
labor force, employees
The workforce is all the people who work for a particular company or in a particular country.
/kəˈmɪt.i/
panel, board
A committee is a group of people chosen to make decisions or do a particular job together.
/bɔːd/
directors, panel
A board is a group of people who manage or direct a company or organization.
/ˈkaʊn.səl/
assembly, governing body
A council is a group of people elected or chosen to manage a town, area, or organization.
/traɪb/
clan, people group
A tribe is a group of people, often related, who share customs, beliefs, and a common leader.
/klæn/
family group, kin
A clan is a large group of families that are related and share a common ancestor.
/ˈdɪn.ə.sti/
ruling family, line
A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family, or a powerful family lasting many years.
/ˈlɪn.i.ɪdʒ/
ancestry, descent
Lineage is the line of people from whom someone is descended; their family ancestry.
/ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/
tradition, inheritance
Heritage is the traditions, buildings, and culture passed down from earlier generations.
/aɪˈden.tɪ.ti/
sense of self, character
Identity is who or what a person or thing is, including the qualities that make them distinct.
/ˈdʒen.dər/
sex, social category
Gender refers to the state of being male, female, or another category, and its social roles.
/ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/
citizenship, origin
Nationality is the status of belonging to a particular nation, usually by birth or law.
/eθˈnɪs.ɪ.ti/
heritage, cultural group
Ethnicity is belonging to a group that shares a common culture, language, or ancestry.
/ˈkʌl.tʃər/
customs, way of life
Culture is the customs, arts, beliefs, and ways of living shared by a group of people.
/raɪs/
grain staple
Rice is a small white or brown grain that is boiled and eaten as a staple food.
/ˈpæs.tə/
Italian noodle dish
Pasta is an Italian food made from flour and water, shaped and boiled, like spaghetti.
/ˈnuː.dəl/
long thin pasta
A noodle is a long, thin strip of pasta or dough, often served in soups or stir-fries.
/ˈsæl.əd/
dish of raw vegetables
A salad is a cold dish of raw vegetables, often mixed with dressing and other ingredients.
/suːp/
liquid food
Soup is a liquid food made by boiling vegetables, meat, or fish in water or stock.
/stjuː/
slow-cooked dish
A stew is a dish of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in liquid in a closed pot.
/ˈsæn.wɪdʒ/
filled bread snack
A sandwich is two pieces of bread with a filling such as cheese, meat, or vegetables between them.
/ˈbɜː.ɡər/
grilled patty in bun
A burger is a flat round cake of minced meat, usually served hot in a bread roll.
/ˈpiːt.sə/
Italian baked flatbread
Pizza is a flat round bread baked with tomato, cheese, and other toppings on top.
/ˈsuː.ʃi/
Japanese rice dish
Sushi is a Japanese dish of cold rice with vinegar, served with raw fish or vegetables.
/ˈtæk.əʊ/
Mexican folded tortilla
A taco is a Mexican dish of a folded tortilla filled with meat, beans, or vegetables.
/ˈkʌr.i/
spiced sauce dish
Curry is a dish of meat or vegetables cooked in a spicy sauce, often served with rice.
/ˈdʌm.plɪŋ/
filled dough parcel
A dumpling is a small ball or parcel of dough, often filled and then boiled or steamed.
/ˈpæn.keɪk/
flat fried batter cake
A pancake is a thin flat cake made from batter and fried on both sides in a pan.
/ˈwɒf.əl/
gridded batter cake
A waffle is a crisp cake made from batter, cooked in a special iron with a grid pattern.
/ˈɒm.lɪt/
folded cooked eggs
An omelet is a dish of beaten eggs cooked in a pan, often folded around a filling.
/ˈpɒr.ɪdʒ/
boiled oat cereal
Porridge is a soft food made by boiling oats or other grain in water or milk.
/ˈsɪə.ri.əl/
grain breakfast food
Cereal is a breakfast food made from grain, usually eaten with milk in a bowl.
/təʊst/
browned bread
Toast is bread that has been heated until it is brown and crisp.
/ˈæp.əl/
round tree fruit
An apple is a round fruit with firm white flesh and a red, green, or yellow skin.
/bəˈnɑː.nə/
long yellow fruit
A banana is a long curved fruit with a soft inside and a thick yellow skin.
/ˈɒr.ɪndʒ/
round citrus fruit
An orange is a round citrus fruit with a thick skin and sweet, juicy segments inside.
/ɡreɪp/
small vine fruit
A grape is a small round fruit that grows in bunches and is used to make wine.
/ˈstrɔː.bər.i/
red soft fruit
A strawberry is a small soft red fruit with tiny seeds on its surface.
/ˈmæŋ.ɡəʊ/
sweet tropical fruit
A mango is a sweet tropical fruit with soft yellow-orange flesh and a large flat stone.
/ˈpaɪnˌæp.əl/
spiky tropical fruit
A pineapple is a large tropical fruit with sweet yellow flesh and a rough, spiky skin.
/ˈwɔː.təˌmel.ən/
large juicy melon
A watermelon is a large round fruit with green skin and sweet, watery red flesh.
/ˈtʃer.i/
small red stone fruit
A cherry is a small round red fruit with a single hard stone in the middle.
/piːtʃ/
soft fuzzy fruit
A peach is a soft round fruit with sweet juicy flesh, fuzzy skin, and a large stone.
/ˈlem.ən/
sour yellow citrus
A lemon is a yellow citrus fruit with a sour taste, used in cooking and drinks.
/laɪm/
green sour citrus
A lime is a small green citrus fruit with a sour taste, used in cooking and drinks.
/ˌæv.əˈkɑː.dəʊ/
creamy green fruit
An avocado is a green tropical fruit with a large stone and soft, creamy flesh.
/təˈmɑː.təʊ/
red salad fruit
A tomato is a soft round red fruit eaten as a vegetable in salads and sauces.
/pəˈteɪ.təʊ/
starchy root vegetable
A potato is a round starchy vegetable that grows underground and is cooked in many ways.
/ˈkær.ət/
orange root vegetable
A carrot is a long orange root vegetable that can be eaten raw or cooked.
/ˈʌn.jən/
layered bulb vegetable
An onion is a round vegetable with a strong smell and many layers, used in cooking.
/ˈɡɑː.lɪk/
pungent bulb seasoning
Garlic is a strong-smelling bulb used in small amounts to flavor food.
/ˈpep.ər/
spice or vegetable
Pepper is a spice made from dried berries, or a colorful vegetable used in cooking.
/ˈmʌʃ.ruːm/
edible fungus
A mushroom is a soft fungus with a stem and a round top, often eaten as food.
/ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/
leafy green vegetable
Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that can be eaten raw or cooked.
/ˈbrɒk.əl.i/
green tree-like vegetable
Broccoli is a green vegetable with a thick stem and tight clusters of small buds.
/ˈkjuː.kʌm.bər/
long green salad vegetable
A cucumber is a long green vegetable with a cool, watery taste, eaten raw in salads.
/ˈlet.ɪs/
leafy salad green
Lettuce is a vegetable with large green leaves that are eaten raw in salads.
/kɔːn/
yellow grain vegetable
Corn is a tall plant that produces yellow grains eaten as a vegetable or used for flour.
/biːn/
edible seed in pod
A bean is a seed, eaten as a vegetable, that grows inside a long pod on a plant.
/piː/
small round green seed
A pea is a small round green seed eaten as a vegetable, growing in a pod.
/ˈlen.tɪl/
small edible legume
A lentil is a small flat seed cooked and eaten as food, often in soups and stews.
/ˈtʃɪk.piː/
round beige legume
A chickpea is a round beige seed eaten as food, used in dishes like hummus and curries.
/ˈtəʊ.fuː/
soybean curd
Tofu is a soft white food made from soybeans, often used instead of meat.
/biːf/
meat from cattle
Beef is the meat that comes from cattle, such as cows and bulls.
/ˈtʃɪk.ɪn/
poultry meat
Chicken is the meat of a common farm bird, and also the bird itself.
/pɔːk/
meat from pigs
Pork is the meat that comes from pigs.
/læm/
meat from young sheep
Lamb is the meat from a young sheep, and also the young sheep itself.
/fɪʃ/
water animal as food
Fish is an animal that lives in water, eaten as food, with fins and gills.
/ʃrɪmp/
small edible shellfish
A shrimp is a small sea creature with a shell, eaten as food.
/ˈsæm.ən/
pink-fleshed fish
Salmon is a large fish with pink flesh, eaten cooked or raw, that lives in seas and rivers.
/ˈtjuː.nə/
large ocean fish
Tuna is a large sea fish with firm flesh, eaten fresh or from a can.
/eɡ/
oval food from birds
An egg is an oval object laid by birds, with a shell, eaten as food.
/tʃiːz/
food made from milk
Cheese is a solid food made from milk, available in many flavors and textures.
/ˈbʌt.ər/
fat made from cream
Butter is a soft yellow food made from cream, spread on bread or used in cooking.
/mɪlk/
white liquid from animals
Milk is a white liquid produced by female mammals and drunk by humans as food.
/kriːm/
rich fatty part of milk
Cream is the thick, rich, fatty part of milk, used in cooking and desserts.
/ˈjɒɡ.ət/
fermented milk food
Yogurt is a thick, slightly sour food made from milk that has been fermented.
/ˈhʌn.i/
sweet substance from bees
Honey is a sweet, sticky, golden substance made by bees from flower nectar.
/ˈʃʊɡ.ər/
sweet crystalline food
Sugar is a sweet white or brown substance used to sweeten food and drinks.
/sɔːlt/
white seasoning mineral
Salt is a white substance used to add flavor to food and to preserve it.
/spaɪs/
aromatic flavoring
A spice is a strong-flavored substance from a plant, used to add flavor to food.
/hɜːb/
fragrant cooking plant
A herb is a plant whose leaves are used to add flavor to food or as medicine.
/ɔɪl/
liquid cooking fat
Oil is a smooth liquid fat from plants or animals, used in cooking.
/ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/
sour liquid seasoning
Vinegar is a sour liquid made from wine or other alcohol, used in cooking and pickling.
/sɔːs/
flavored liquid topping
A sauce is a thick liquid served with food to add flavor or moisture.
/ˌmær.ɪˈneɪd/
flavoring soaking liquid
A marinade is a sauce in which meat or fish is soaked to add flavor before cooking.
/ˈdres.ɪŋ/
salad sauce
A dressing is a sauce, often made of oil and vinegar, poured over a salad.
/ˈsiː.zən.ɪŋ/
added flavoring
Seasoning is salt, pepper, herbs, or spices added to food to improve its flavor.
/ˈflaʊ.ər/
ground grain powder
Flour is a fine powder made by grinding grain, used to make bread, cakes, and pasta.
/jiːst/
baking leavening fungus
Yeast is a substance used in baking to make bread rise and in brewing alcohol.
/ˈbeɪ.kɪŋ ˌpaʊ.dər/
leavening agent
Baking powder is a powder added to cake batter to make it rise during baking.
/vəˈnɪl.ə/
sweet flavoring
Vanilla is a sweet flavoring made from the pods of a tropical plant.
/ˈtʃɒk.lət/
sweet cocoa food
Chocolate is a sweet brown food made from cocoa, eaten as a snack or used in cooking.
/keɪk/
sweet baked dessert
A cake is a sweet food made from flour, sugar, and eggs, baked and often decorated.
/ˈkʊk.i/
small sweet biscuit
A cookie is a small flat sweet cake, crisp or chewy, baked in the oven.
/paɪ/
baked filled pastry
A pie is a baked dish of fruit, meat, or vegetables inside or under pastry.
/ˈpʊd.ɪŋ/
soft sweet dessert
A pudding is a soft sweet dish eaten as a dessert, or in Britain, dessert in general.
/ˈaɪs ˌkriːm/
frozen sweet dessert
Ice cream is a sweet frozen food made from milk or cream and flavoring.
/ˈkæn.di/
sweet sugar treat
Candy is a sweet food made mainly of sugar, eaten as a treat.
/dɪˈzɜːt/
sweet course after meal
Dessert is the sweet food served at the end of a meal.
/snæk/
small light meal
A snack is a small amount of food eaten between meals.
/ˈæp.ɪ.taɪ.zər/
starter dish
An appetizer is a small dish served before the main course to start a meal.
/ˌmeɪn ˈkɔːs/
principal dish of meal
The main course is the largest and most important dish of a meal.
/ˈsaɪd ˌdɪʃ/
accompanying food
A side dish is a smaller dish served along with the main course of a meal.
/lʌntʃ/
midday meal
Lunch is a meal eaten in the middle of the day.
/ˈdɪn.ər/
main evening meal
Dinner is the main meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening.
/brʌntʃ/
late morning meal
Brunch is a meal eaten in the late morning, combining breakfast and lunch.
/fiːst/
large celebratory meal
A feast is a large special meal, often for a celebration, with much food.
/ˈbæŋ.kwɪt/
formal grand meal
A banquet is a large formal meal for many people, often to mark an occasion.
/ˈbʊf.eɪ/
self-service meal
A buffet is a meal where people serve themselves from a range of dishes laid out.
/ˈteɪk.ə.weɪ/
food to eat elsewhere
A takeaway is a meal bought from a restaurant to eat somewhere else.
/ˈres.ɪ.pi/
cooking instructions
A recipe is a set of instructions explaining how to prepare and cook a dish.
/ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/
food component
An ingredient is one of the foods or substances used to make a particular dish.
/ˈpɔː.ʃən/
serving of food
A portion is the amount of food served to or eaten by one person.
/ˈsɜː.vɪŋ/
single helping of food
A serving is an amount of food enough for one person at one time.
/ˈkæl.ər.i/
unit of food energy
A calorie is a unit that measures the amount of energy that food gives the body.
/njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/
nourishment from food
Nutrition is the process of getting the food needed for health and growth.
/ˈdaɪ.ət/
habitual food intake
A diet is the kinds of food a person usually eats, or a plan to eat less.
/ˈæl.ə.dʒi/
harmful food reaction
An allergy is a condition in which the body reacts badly to a certain food or substance.
/ˌvedʒ.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
one who avoids meat
A vegetarian is a person who does not eat meat or fish.
/ˈviː.ɡən/
one avoiding all animal food
A vegan is a person who eats no animal products at all, including milk and eggs.
/ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/
grown without chemicals
Organic food is grown without artificial chemicals such as pesticides or fertilizers.
/freʃ/
newly made or picked
Fresh food has been recently made, picked, or caught and has not been preserved.
/ˈfrəʊ.zən/
preserved by freezing
Frozen food has been kept very cold so that it stays fresh for a long time.
/kænd/
preserved in a can
Canned food has been sealed in a metal container so it lasts a long time.
/draɪd/
preserved by drying
Dried food has had its water removed so that it keeps for a long time.
/fəˈmen.tɪd/
changed by microbes
Fermented food has been changed by tiny organisms to develop flavor or to preserve it.
/sməʊkt/
flavored with smoke
Smoked food has been preserved or flavored by hanging it in smoke.
/ɡrɪld/
cooked over heat
Grilled food has been cooked on metal bars over or under direct heat.
/beɪkt/
cooked in an oven
Baked food has been cooked in an oven using dry heat.
/fraɪd/
cooked in hot fat
Fried food has been cooked in hot oil or fat in a pan.
/stiːmd/
cooked by steam
Steamed food has been cooked using the steam from boiling water.
/bɔɪld/
cooked in hot water
Boiled food has been cooked in very hot, bubbling water.
/ˈrəʊ.stɪd/
cooked by dry heat
Roasted food has been cooked in an oven or over a fire with dry heat.
/rɔː/
not cooked
Raw food has not been cooked and is eaten in its natural state.
/raɪp/
ready to eat
Ripe fruit or food is fully grown and ready to be eaten.
/ˈbɪt.ər/
sharp unpleasant taste
Bitter food has a sharp, sometimes unpleasant taste, like strong coffee or dark chocolate.
/swiːt/
sugary taste
Sweet food has a taste like sugar or honey.
/saʊə/
sharp acidic taste
Sour food has a sharp, acidic taste, like a lemon or vinegar.
/ˈsɔːl.ti/
tasting of salt
Salty food has a taste of salt or contains a lot of salt.
/ˈspaɪ.si/
strongly seasoned, hot
Spicy food is strongly flavored with spices and may have a hot, burning taste.
/tiː/
hot leaf drink
Tea is a hot drink made by pouring boiling water over dried leaves.
/ˈkɒf.i/
hot caffeinated drink
Coffee is a hot drink made from roasted ground beans of the coffee plant.
/dʒuːs/
liquid from fruit
Juice is the liquid that comes from fruit or vegetables, often drunk as a beverage.
/ˈsmuː.ði/
blended fruit drink
A smoothie is a thick drink made by blending fruit with milk, yogurt, or juice.
/ˈsəʊ.də/
sweet fizzy drink
Soda is a sweet fizzy drink, often flavored, served cold.
/bɪər/
alcoholic grain drink
Beer is an alcoholic drink made from grain, water, and hops.
/waɪn/
alcoholic grape drink
Wine is an alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes.
/ˈkɒk.teɪl/
mixed alcoholic drink
A cocktail is a drink made by mixing alcohol with juices or other flavorings.
/ˈspɪr.ɪt/
strong alcoholic drink
A spirit is a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky, vodka, or rum.
/ˈbev.ər.ɪdʒ/
any drink
A beverage is any kind of drink other than water, served hot or cold.
/θɜːst/
need to drink
Thirst is the feeling of needing or wanting to drink something.
/ˈhʌŋ.ɡər/
need to eat
Hunger is the feeling of needing or wanting food.
/ˈæp.ɪ.taɪt/
desire for food
Appetite is the natural desire to eat, or a strong wish for something.
/teɪst/
flavor sensation
Taste is the sense by which flavors are noticed, or the particular flavor of food.
/ˈfleɪ.vər/
taste of food
Flavor is the particular taste of a food or drink.
/əˈrəʊ.mə/
pleasant smell
An aroma is a pleasant, noticeable smell, especially of food or drink.
/ˈteks.tʃər/
feel of food
Texture is the way a food feels in the mouth, such as soft, crisp, or smooth.
/kwɪˈziːn/
style of cooking
Cuisine is a style of cooking, especially the food typical of a country or region.
/ˈres.trɒnt/
place to eat out
A restaurant is a place where people pay to sit down and eat meals.
/ˈkæf.eɪ/
small coffee shop
A café is a small restaurant where people buy coffee, tea, and light meals.
/ˈbeɪ.kər.i/
bread and cake shop
A bakery is a place where bread, cakes, and pastries are made and sold.
/ˈmɑː.kɪt/
place to buy goods
A market is a place, often outdoors, where people buy and sell food and goods.
/ˈɡrəʊ.sər.i/
food shop
A grocery is a shop that sells food and small household goods.
/ˈpæn.tri/
food storage room
A pantry is a small room or cupboard where food and kitchen supplies are kept.
/rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ər.eɪ.tər/
cold food cabinet
A refrigerator is a machine that keeps food cold so it stays fresh longer.
/ˈʌv.ən/
cooking heat box
An oven is an enclosed space that gets hot inside and is used for baking and roasting.
/taɪm/
passing of moments
Time is the ongoing passing of past, present, and future, measured in hours and days.
/fɪər/
feeling of danger
Fear is the unpleasant feeling caused by the threat of danger or harm.
/ˈrɪv.ər/
flowing waterway
A river is a large natural stream of water that flows toward a sea, lake, or another river.
/sʌn/
star giving daylight
The sun is the star that gives the Earth light and warmth during the day.
/muːn/
Earth's satellite
The moon is the large round object that orbits the Earth and shines at night.
/ˈɪn.tə.net/
global computer network
The internet is the global network that connects computers and lets people share information.
/ˈstɔː.ri/
account of events
A story is a description of events, real or imagined, told for interest or pleasure.
/haʊ/
in what way
How is a question word used to ask about the way or manner of something.
/ˈtræv.əl/
to journey
To travel means to go from one place to another, especially over a long distance.
/bɜːrn/
to be on fire or damaged by heat
Base form of the verb 'burn': to be on fire, or to damage or destroy something with heat or flame.
/bɜːrnz/
third-person singular of burn
Third-person singular present of 'burn': used when he, she, or it is on fire or damaged by heat.
/bɜːrnd/
past tense of burn
Past tense and past participle of 'burn': to have been on fire or to have damaged something with heat.
/ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/
present participle of burn
Present participle of 'burn': showing that something is on fire or damaging by heat right now.
/wɔːks/
third-person singular of walk
Third-person singular present of 'walk': used when he, she, or it moves on foot.
/wɔːkt/
past tense of walk
Past tense and past participle of 'walk': to have moved on foot in the past.
/pleɪz/
third-person singular of play
Third-person singular present of 'play': used when he, she, or it takes part in a game or makes music.
/pleɪd/
past tense of play
Past tense and past participle of 'play': to have taken part in a game or performed music.
/ˈpleɪɪŋ/
present participle of play
Present participle of 'play': showing that someone is taking part in a game or making music now.
/wɒnts/
third-person singular of want
Third-person singular present of 'want': used when he, she, or it desires something.
/ˈwɒntɪd/
past tense of want
Past tense and past participle of 'want': to have desired or wished for something.
/ˈwɒntɪŋ/
present participle of want
Present participle of 'want': showing an ongoing desire, or meaning lacking something.
/tɔːk/
to speak or have a conversation
Base form of 'talk': to say words and express thoughts in conversation with others.
/tɔːks/
third-person singular of talk
Third-person singular present of 'talk': used when he, she, or it speaks or has a conversation.
/tɔːkt/
past tense of talk
Past tense and past participle of 'talk': to have spoken or had a conversation.
/ˈtɔːkɪŋ/
present participle of talk
Present participle of 'talk': showing that someone is speaking right now.
/wɜːks/
third-person singular of work
Third-person singular present of 'work': used when he, she, or it does a job or functions.
/wɜːkt/
past tense of work
Past tense and past participle of 'work': to have done a job or to have functioned.
/ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
present participle of work
Present participle of 'work': showing that someone is doing a job or that something is functioning now.
/hɛlps/
third-person singular of help
Third-person singular present of 'help': used when he, she, or it gives assistance.
/hɛlpt/
past tense of help
Past tense and past participle of 'help': to have given assistance to someone or something.
/ˈhɛlpɪŋ/
present participle of help
Present participle of 'help': showing that someone is giving assistance right now.
/lʊks/
third-person singular of look
Third-person singular present of 'look': used when he, she, or it directs the eyes or seems.
/lʊkt/
past tense of look
Past tense and past participle of 'look': to have directed the eyes or to have seemed a certain way.
/ˈlʊkɪŋ/
present participle of look
Present participle of 'look': showing that someone is directing their eyes or searching now.
/kɔːlz/
third-person singular of call
Third-person singular present of 'call': used when he, she, or it telephones or names something.
/kɔːld/
past tense of call
Past tense and past participle of 'call': to have telephoned, shouted, or named something.
/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/
present participle of call
Present participle of 'call': showing that someone is telephoning or shouting right now.
/ɑːsks/
third-person singular of ask
Third-person singular present of 'ask': used when he, she, or it puts a question or makes a request.
/ɑːskt/
past tense of ask
Past tense and past participle of 'ask': to have put a question or made a request.
/ˈɑːskɪŋ/
present participle of ask
Present participle of 'ask': showing that someone is putting a question or making a request now.
/niːdz/
third-person singular of need
Third-person singular present of 'need': used when he, she, or it requires something.
/ˈniːdɪd/
past tense of need
Past tense and past participle of 'need': to have required something in the past.
/ˈniːdɪŋ/
present participle of need
Present participle of 'need': showing an ongoing requirement for something.
/ˈjuːzɪz/
third-person singular of use
Third-person singular present of 'use': used when he, she, or it puts something to a purpose.
/juːzd/
past tense of use
Past tense and past participle of 'use': to have put something to a purpose; also 'used to' for past habits.
/ˈjuːzɪŋ/
present participle of use
Present participle of 'use': showing that someone is putting something to a purpose now.
/traɪz/
third-person singular of try
Third-person singular present of 'try': used when he, she, or it attempts something.
/traɪd/
past tense of try
Past tense and past participle of 'try': to have attempted something or tested it.
/ˈtraɪɪŋ/
present participle of try
Present participle of 'try': showing that someone is attempting something now.
/muːvz/
third-person singular of move
Third-person singular present of 'move': used when he, she, or it changes position.
/ˈmuːvɪŋ/
present participle of move
Present participle of 'move': showing that something is changing position now; also meaning emotionally touching.
/lɪvz/
third-person singular of live
Third-person singular present of 'live': used when he, she, or it has a home somewhere or is alive.
/lɪvd/
past tense of live
Past tense and past participle of 'live': to have made a home somewhere or to have been alive.
/ˈlɪvɪŋ/
present participle of live
Present participle of 'live': showing that someone is residing somewhere or is alive now.
/lɜːrnz/
third-person singular of learn
Third-person singular present of 'learn': used when he, she, or it gains knowledge or skill.
/lɜːrnd/
past tense of learn
Past tense and past participle of 'learn': to have gained knowledge or a skill.
/ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/
present participle of learn
Present participle of 'learn': showing that someone is gaining knowledge or a skill now.
/ˈwɒtʃɪz/
third-person singular of watch
Third-person singular present of 'watch': used when he, she, or it looks at something for a time.
/wɒtʃt/
past tense of watch
Past tense and past participle of 'watch': to have looked at something attentively.
/ˈwɒtʃɪŋ/
present participle of watch
Present participle of 'watch': showing that someone is looking at something attentively now.
/stɑːrts/
third-person singular of start
Third-person singular present of 'start': used when he, she, or it begins something.
/ˈstɑːrtɪd/
past tense of start
Past tense and past participle of 'start': to have begun something in the past.
/ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/
present participle of start
Present participle of 'start': showing that something is beginning right now.
/ˈəʊpənz/
third-person singular of open
Third-person singular present of 'open': used when he, she, or it moves something to an open position.
/ˈəʊpənd/
past tense of open
Past tense and past participle of 'open': to have moved something to an open position.
/ˈəʊpənɪŋ/
present participle of open
Present participle of 'open': showing that someone is opening something now; also meaning a gap or chance.
/ˈkləʊzɪz/
third-person singular of close
Third-person singular present of 'close': used when he, she, or it shuts something.
/ˈkləʊzɪŋ/
present participle of close
Present participle of 'close': showing that someone is shutting something now; also meaning final.
/kliːnz/
third-person singular of clean
Third-person singular present of 'clean': used when he, she, or it removes dirt from something.
/kliːnd/
past tense of clean
Past tense and past participle of 'clean': to have removed dirt from something.
/kʊks/
third-person singular of cook
Third-person singular present of 'cook': used when he, she, or it prepares food with heat.
/kʊkt/
past tense of cook
Past tense and past participle of 'cook': to have prepared food using heat.
/ˈwɒʃɪz/
third-person singular of wash
Third-person singular present of 'wash': used when he, she, or it cleans something with water.
/wɒʃt/
past tense of wash
Past tense and past participle of 'wash': to have cleaned something with water.
/ˈwɒʃɪŋ/
present participle of wash
Present participle of 'wash': showing that someone is cleaning something with water now.
/dʒʌmp/
to push up off the ground
Base form of 'jump': to push yourself off the ground and into the air with your legs.
/dʒʌmps/
third-person singular of jump
Third-person singular present of 'jump': used when he, she, or it pushes up off the ground.
/dʒʌmpt/
past tense of jump
Past tense and past participle of 'jump': to have pushed up off the ground.
/ˈdʒʌmpɪŋ/
present participle of jump
Present participle of 'jump': showing that someone is pushing off the ground now.
/klaɪm/
to go up something
Base form of 'climb': to move upward, often using your hands and feet to grip.
/klaɪmz/
third-person singular of climb
Third-person singular present of 'climb': used when he, she, or it goes up something.
/klaɪmd/
past tense of climb
Past tense and past participle of 'climb': to have moved upward toward a higher place.
/ˈklaɪmɪŋ/
present participle of climb
Present participle of 'climb': showing that someone is moving upward now; also the sport.
/peɪnts/
third-person singular of paint
Third-person singular present of 'paint': used when he, she, or it applies colour to a surface.
/ˈpeɪntɪd/
past tense of paint
Past tense and past participle of 'paint': to have applied colour to a surface or made a picture.
/ˈpʊʃɪz/
third-person singular of push
Third-person singular present of 'push': used when he, she, or it presses something away.
/pʊʃt/
past tense of push
Past tense and past participle of 'push': to have pressed something to move it away.
/ˈpʊʃɪŋ/
present participle of push
Present participle of 'push': showing that someone is pressing something away now.
/pʊlz/
third-person singular of pull
Third-person singular present of 'pull': used when he, she, or it draws something toward itself.
/pʊld/
past tense of pull
Past tense and past participle of 'pull': to have drawn something toward you.
/ˈpʊlɪŋ/
present participle of pull
Present participle of 'pull': showing that someone is drawing something toward them now.
/ˈkærɪz/
third-person singular of carry
Third-person singular present of 'carry': used when he, she, or it holds and moves something.
/ˈkærɪd/
past tense of carry
Past tense and past participle of 'carry': to have held and moved something from one place to another.
/ˈkærɪɪŋ/
present participle of carry
Present participle of 'carry': showing that someone is holding and moving something now.
/ˈɑːnsərz/
third-person singular of answer
Third-person singular present of 'answer': used when he, she, or it replies to a question.
/ˈɑːnsərd/
past tense of answer
Past tense and past participle of 'answer': to have replied to a question or responded to a call.
/ˈɑːnsərɪŋ/
present participle of answer
Present participle of 'answer': showing that someone is replying to a question now.
/ˈlɪsənz/
third-person singular of listen
Third-person singular present of 'listen': used when he, she, or it pays attention to a sound.
/ˈlɪsənd/
past tense of listen
Past tense and past participle of 'listen': to have paid attention to a sound or to advice.
/ˈlɪsənɪŋ/
present participle of listen
Present participle of 'listen': showing that someone is paying attention to a sound now.
/ˈfɒləʊz/
third-person singular of follow
Third-person singular present of 'follow': used when he, she, or it goes after or obeys something.
/ˈfɒləʊd/
past tense of follow
Past tense and past participle of 'follow': to have gone after someone or obeyed instructions.
/ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/
present participle of follow
Present participle of 'follow': showing that someone is going after something now; also meaning next.
/ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/
third-person singular of change
Third-person singular present of 'change': used when he, she, or it makes or becomes different.
/tʃeɪndʒd/
past tense of change
Past tense and past participle of 'change': to have made or become different.
/ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/
present participle of change
Present participle of 'change': showing that something is becoming different right now.
/ˈhæpənz/
third-person singular of happen
Third-person singular present of 'happen': used when something takes place or occurs.
/ˈhæpənd/
past tense of happen
Past tense and past participle of 'happen': to have taken place or occurred.
/ˈhæpənɪŋ/
present participle of happen
Present participle of 'happen': showing that an event is taking place right now.
/steɪz/
third-person singular of stay
Third-person singular present of 'stay': used when he, she, or it remains in a place.
/steɪd/
past tense of stay
Past tense and past participle of 'stay': to have remained in a place or condition.
/ˈsteɪɪŋ/
present participle of stay
Present participle of 'stay': showing that someone is remaining in a place now.
/tɜːrnz/
third-person singular of turn
Third-person singular present of 'turn': used when he, she, or it changes direction or rotates.
/tɜːrnd/
past tense of turn
Past tense and past participle of 'turn': to have changed direction, rotated, or become something.
/ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/
present participle of turn
Present participle of 'turn': showing that something is changing direction or rotating now.
/rɪˈtɜːrnz/
third-person singular of return
Third-person singular present of 'return': used when he, she, or it comes or gives back.
/rɪˈtɜːrnd/
past tense of return
Past tense and past participle of 'return': to have come back or given something back.
/rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/
present participle of return
Present participle of 'return': showing that someone is coming back or giving back now.
/kaʊnt/
to name numbers in order
Base form of 'count': to say numbers one after another, or to find the total of things.
/kaʊnts/
third-person singular of count
Third-person singular present of 'count': used when he, she, or it names numbers in order or matters.
/ˈkaʊntɪd/
past tense of count
Past tense and past participle of 'count': to have named numbers in order or found a total.
/ˈkaʊntɪŋ/
present participle of count
Present participle of 'count': showing that someone is naming numbers or finding a total now.
/weɪts/
third-person singular of wait
Third-person singular present of 'wait': used when he, she, or it stays until something happens.
/ˈweɪtɪd/
past tense of wait
Past tense and past participle of 'wait': to have stayed in a place until something happened.
/ˈweɪtɪŋ/
present participle of wait
Present participle of 'wait': showing that someone is staying until something happens now.
/fɪks/
to repair or fasten something
Base form of 'fix': to repair or fasten something.
/ˈfɪksɪz/
third-person singular of fix
Third-person singular present of 'fix': used when he, she, or it does the action of fix.
/fɪkst/
past tense of fix
Past tense and past participle of 'fix': to have repair or fasten something in the past.
/krɒs/
to go from one side to another
Base form of 'cross': to go from one side to another.
/ˈkrɒsɪz/
third-person singular of cross
Third-person singular present of 'cross': used when he, she, or it does the action of cross.
/krɒst/
past tense of cross
Past tense and past participle of 'cross': to have go from one side to another in the past.
/ˈkrɒsɪŋ/
present participle of cross
Present participle of 'cross': showing that the action of cross is happening now.
/kɪk/
to hit something with your foot
Base form of 'kick': to hit something with your foot.
/kɪks/
third-person singular of kick
Third-person singular present of 'kick': used when he, she, or it does the action of kick.
/kɪkt/
past tense of kick
Past tense and past participle of 'kick': to have hit something with your foot in the past.
/ˈkɪkɪŋ/
present participle of kick
Present participle of 'kick': showing that the action of kick is happening now.
/lɑːf/
to make sounds showing you are happy
Base form of 'laugh': to make sounds showing you are happy.
/lɑːfs/
third-person singular of laugh
Third-person singular present of 'laugh': used when he, she, or it does the action of laugh.
/lɑːft/
past tense of laugh
Past tense and past participle of 'laugh': to have make sounds showing you are happy in the past.
/ˈlɑːfɪŋ/
present participle of laugh
Present participle of 'laugh': showing that the action of laugh is happening now.
/kraɪ/
to shed tears or shout out
Base form of 'cry': to shed tears or shout out.
/kraɪz/
third-person singular of cry
Third-person singular present of 'cry': used when he, she, or it does the action of cry.
/kraɪd/
past tense of cry
Past tense and past participle of 'cry': to have shed tears or shout out in the past.
/ˈkraɪɪŋ/
present participle of cry
Present participle of 'cry': showing that the action of cry is happening now.
/smaɪl/
to turn up the corners of your mouth
Base form of 'smile': to turn up the corners of your mouth.
/smaɪlz/
third-person singular of smile
Third-person singular present of 'smile': used when he, she, or it does the action of smile.
/smaɪld/
past tense of smile
Past tense and past participle of 'smile': to have turn up the corners of your mouth in the past.
/ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/
present participle of smile
Present participle of 'smile': showing that the action of smile is happening now.
/ʃaʊt/
to say something very loudly
Base form of 'shout': to say something very loudly.
/ʃaʊts/
third-person singular of shout
Third-person singular present of 'shout': used when he, she, or it does the action of shout.
/ˈʃaʊtɪd/
past tense of shout
Past tense and past participle of 'shout': to have say something very loudly in the past.
/ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/
present participle of shout
Present participle of 'shout': showing that the action of shout is happening now.
/ˈwɪspər/
to speak very softly
Base form of 'whisper': to speak very softly.
/ˈwɪspərz/
third-person singular of whisper
Third-person singular present of 'whisper': used when he, she, or it does the action of whisper.
/ˈwɪspərd/
past tense of whisper
Past tense and past participle of 'whisper': to have speak very softly in the past.
/ˈwɪspərɪŋ/
present participle of whisper
Present participle of 'whisper': showing that the action of whisper is happening now.
/ˈvɪzɪts/
third-person singular of visit
Third-person singular present of 'visit': used when he, she, or it does the action of visit.
/ˈvɪzɪtɪd/
past tense of visit
Past tense and past participle of 'visit': to have go to see a person or place in the past.
/ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/
present participle of visit
Present participle of 'visit': showing that the action of visit is happening now.
/ɪnˈvaɪt/
to ask someone to come
Base form of 'invite': to ask someone to come.
/ɪnˈvaɪts/
third-person singular of invite
Third-person singular present of 'invite': used when he, she, or it does the action of invite.
/ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/
past tense of invite
Past tense and past participle of 'invite': to have ask someone to come in the past.
/ɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ/
present participle of invite
Present participle of 'invite': showing that the action of invite is happening now.
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/
to take pleasure in something
Base form of 'enjoy': to take pleasure in something.
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪz/
third-person singular of enjoy
Third-person singular present of 'enjoy': used when he, she, or it does the action of enjoy.
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪd/
past tense of enjoy
Past tense and past participle of 'enjoy': to have take pleasure in something in the past.
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/
present participle of enjoy
Present participle of 'enjoy': showing that the action of enjoy is happening now.
/rɛst/
to stop activity to relax
Base form of 'rest': to stop activity to relax.
/rɛsts/
third-person singular of rest
Third-person singular present of 'rest': used when he, she, or it does the action of rest.
/ˈrɛstɪd/
past tense of rest
Past tense and past participle of 'rest': to have stop activity to relax in the past.
/ˈrɛstɪŋ/
present participle of rest
Present participle of 'rest': showing that the action of rest is happening now.
/driːm/
to imagine things while asleep or hope
Base form of 'dream': to imagine things while asleep or hope.
/driːmz/
third-person singular of dream
Third-person singular present of 'dream': used when he, she, or it does the action of dream.
/driːmd/
past tense of dream
Past tense and past participle of 'dream': to have imagine things while asleep or hope in the past.
/ˈdriːmɪŋ/
present participle of dream
Present participle of 'dream': showing that the action of dream is happening now.
/ˈkʌvər/
to put something over a thing
Base form of 'cover': to put something over a thing.
/ˈkʌvərz/
third-person singular of cover
Third-person singular present of 'cover': used when he, she, or it does the action of cover.
/ˈkʌvərd/
past tense of cover
Past tense and past participle of 'cover': to have put something over a thing in the past.
/ˈkʌvərɪŋ/
present participle of cover
Present participle of 'cover': showing that the action of cover is happening now.
/fɪl/
to make something full
Base form of 'fill': to make something full.
/fɪlz/
third-person singular of fill
Third-person singular present of 'fill': used when he, she, or it does the action of fill.
/fɪld/
past tense of fill
Past tense and past participle of 'fill': to have make something full in the past.
/ˈfɪlɪŋ/
present participle of fill
Present participle of 'fill': showing that the action of fill is happening now.
/fəʊld/
to bend something over itself
Base form of 'fold': to bend something over itself.
/fəʊldz/
third-person singular of fold
Third-person singular present of 'fold': used when he, she, or it does the action of fold.
/ˈfəʊldɪd/
past tense of fold
Past tense and past participle of 'fold': to have bend something over itself in the past.
/ˈfəʊldɪŋ/
present participle of fold
Present participle of 'fold': showing that the action of fold is happening now.
/hʌnt/
to search for or chase something
Base form of 'hunt': to search for or chase something.
/hʌnts/
third-person singular of hunt
Third-person singular present of 'hunt': used when he, she, or it does the action of hunt.
/ˈhʌntɪd/
past tense of hunt
Past tense and past participle of 'hunt': to have search for or chase something in the past.
/ˈhʌntɪŋ/
present participle of hunt
Present participle of 'hunt': showing that the action of hunt is happening now.
/kəˈlɛkt/
to gather things together
Base form of 'collect': to gather things together.
/kəˈlɛkts/
third-person singular of collect
Third-person singular present of 'collect': used when he, she, or it does the action of collect.
/kəˈlɛktɪd/
past tense of collect
Past tense and past participle of 'collect': to have gather things together in the past.
/kəˈlɛktɪŋ/
present participle of collect
Present participle of 'collect': showing that the action of collect is happening now.
/dɪˈlɪvər/
to take something to a place
Base form of 'deliver': to take something to a place.
/dɪˈlɪvərz/
third-person singular of deliver
Third-person singular present of 'deliver': used when he, she, or it does the action of deliver.
/dɪˈlɪvərd/
past tense of deliver
Past tense and past participle of 'deliver': to have take something to a place in the past.
/dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ/
present participle of deliver
Present participle of 'deliver': showing that the action of deliver is happening now.
/brʌʃ/
to clean or tidy with a brush
Base form of 'brush': to clean or tidy with a brush.
/ˈbrʌʃɪz/
third-person singular of brush
Third-person singular present of 'brush': used when he, she, or it does the action of brush.
/brʌʃt/
past tense of brush
Past tense and past participle of 'brush': to have clean or tidy with a brush in the past.
/ˈbrʌʃɪŋ/
present participle of brush
Present participle of 'brush': showing that the action of brush is happening now.
/weɪvz/
third-person singular of wave
Third-person singular present of 'wave': used when he, she, or it does the action of wave.
/weɪvd/
past tense of wave
Past tense and past participle of 'wave': to have move your hand to greet or signal in the past.
/ˈweɪvɪŋ/
present participle of wave
Present participle of 'wave': showing that the action of wave is happening now.
/nɒk/
to hit a door to be let in
Base form of 'knock': to hit a door to be let in.
/nɒks/
third-person singular of knock
Third-person singular present of 'knock': used when he, she, or it does the action of knock.
/nɒkt/
past tense of knock
Past tense and past participle of 'knock': to have hit a door to be let in in the past.
/ˈnɒkɪŋ/
present participle of knock
Present participle of 'knock': showing that the action of knock is happening now.
/pɔːr/
to make liquid flow from a container
Base form of 'pour': to make liquid flow from a container.
/pɔːrz/
third-person singular of pour
Third-person singular present of 'pour': used when he, she, or it does the action of pour.
/pɔːrd/
past tense of pour
Past tense and past participle of 'pour': to have make liquid flow from a container in the past.
/ˈpɔːrɪŋ/
present participle of pour
Present participle of 'pour': showing that the action of pour is happening now.
/ˈmɑːrtʃɪz/
third-person singular of march
Third-person singular present of 'march': used when he, she, or it does the action of march.
/mɑːrtʃt/
past tense of march
Past tense and past participle of 'march': to have walk with regular steps like soldiers in the past.
/ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ/
present participle of march
Present participle of 'march': showing that the action of march is happening now.
/ʃɒp/
to buy things from stores
Base form of 'shop': to buy things from stores.
/ʃɒps/
third-person singular of shop
Third-person singular present of 'shop': used when he, she, or it does the action of shop.
/ʃɒpt/
past tense of shop
Past tense and past participle of 'shop': to have buy things from stores in the past.
/stɜːr/
to mix something by moving it around
Base form of 'stir': to mix something by moving it around.
/stɜːrz/
third-person singular of stir
Third-person singular present of 'stir': used when he, she, or it does the action of stir.
/stɜːrd/
past tense of stir
Past tense and past participle of 'stir': to have mix something by moving it around in the past.
/ˈstɜːrɪŋ/
present participle of stir
Present participle of 'stir': showing that the action of stir is happening now.
/bɔɪl/
to heat liquid until it bubbles
Base form of 'boil': to heat liquid until it bubbles.
/bɔɪlz/
third-person singular of boil
Third-person singular present of 'boil': used when he, she, or it does the action of boil.
/ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/
present participle of boil
Present participle of 'boil': showing that the action of boil is happening now.
/ˈdɑːnsɪz/
third-person singular of dance
Third-person singular present of 'dance': used when he, she, or it does the action of dance.
/dɑːnst/
past tense of dance
Past tense and past participle of 'dance': to have move your body to music in the past.
/ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/
present participle of dance
Present participle of 'dance': showing that the action of dance is happening now.
/wɛnt/
past tense of go
Past tense of 'go': to have moved or traveled to or from a place.
/ɡɒn/
past participle of go
Past participle of 'go': used with 'have' to show movement away that is complete.
/ɡoʊz/
third-person singular of go
Third-person singular present of 'go': he, she, or it moves or travels somewhere.
/ˈɡoʊɪŋ/
present participle of go
Present participle of 'go': used to show movement happening now or planned for the future.
/ræn/
past tense of run
Past tense of 'run': to have moved quickly on foot faster than walking.
/ˈrʌnɪŋ/
present participle of run
Present participle of 'run': moving quickly on foot, or operating, happening now.
/rʌnz/
third-person singular of run
Third-person singular present of 'run': he, she, or it moves quickly on foot or operates.
/eɪt/
past tense of eat
Past tense of 'eat': to have taken food into the mouth and swallowed it.
/ˈiːtən/
past participle of eat
Past participle of 'eat': used with 'have' to show that food has been consumed.
/ˈiːtɪŋ/
present participle of eat
Present participle of 'eat': taking food into the mouth, happening now.
/iːts/
third-person singular of eat
Third-person singular present of 'eat': he, she, or it consumes food.
/tʊk/
past tense of take
Past tense of 'take': to have reached for and held something, or carried it away.
/ˈteɪkən/
past participle of take
Past participle of 'take': used with 'have' to show something has been grasped or removed.
/ˈteɪkɪŋ/
present participle of take
Present participle of 'take': grasping, carrying, or removing, happening now.
/teɪks/
third-person singular of take
Third-person singular present of 'take': he, she, or it grasps, carries, or requires.
/ɡeɪv/
past tense of give
Past tense of 'give': to have handed something to someone or provided it.
/ˈɡɪvən/
past participle of give
Past participle of 'give': used with 'have' to show something has been handed over.
/ˈɡɪvɪŋ/
present participle of give
Present participle of 'give': handing something over or providing it, happening now.
/ɡɪvz/
third-person singular of give
Third-person singular present of 'give': he, she, or it hands over or provides something.
/sɔː/
past tense of see
Past tense of 'see': to have noticed or perceived something with the eyes.
/siːn/
past participle of see
Past participle of 'see': used with 'have' to show something has been perceived by the eyes.
/ˈsiːɪŋ/
present participle of see
Present participle of 'see': perceiving with the eyes, happening now.
/siːz/
third-person singular of see
Third-person singular present of 'see': he, she, or it perceives with the eyes.
/meɪd/
past tense and participle of make
Past tense and past participle of 'make': to have created, built, or caused something.
/ˈmeɪkɪŋ/
present participle of make
Present participle of 'make': creating, building, or causing something, happening now.
/meɪks/
third-person singular of make
Third-person singular present of 'make': he, she, or it creates or produces something.
/faʊnd/
past tense and participle of find
Past tense and past participle of 'find': to have discovered or located something.
/ˈfaɪndɪŋ/
present participle of find
Present participle of 'find': discovering or locating something, happening now.
/faɪndz/
third-person singular of find
Third-person singular present of 'find': he, she, or it discovers or locates something.
/toʊld/
past tense and participle of tell
Past tense and past participle of 'tell': to have given information to someone in words.
/ˈtɛlɪŋ/
present participle of tell
Present participle of 'tell': giving information in words, happening now.
/tɛlz/
third-person singular of tell
Third-person singular present of 'tell': he, she, or it gives information in words.
/θɔːt/
past tense and participle of think
Past tense and past participle of 'think': to have used the mind to form ideas or opinions.
/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/
present participle of think
Present participle of 'think': using the mind to form ideas, happening now.
/θɪŋks/
third-person singular of think
Third-person singular present of 'think': he, she, or it forms ideas or holds an opinion.
/brɔːt/
past tense and participle of bring
Past tense and past participle of 'bring': to have carried something toward a place or person.
/ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/
present participle of bring
Present participle of 'bring': carrying something toward a place, happening now.
/brɪŋz/
third-person singular of bring
Third-person singular present of 'bring': he, she, or it carries something toward a place.
/bɔːt/
past tense and participle of buy
Past tense and past participle of 'buy': to have obtained something by paying money.
/ˈbaɪɪŋ/
present participle of buy
Present participle of 'buy': obtaining something with money, happening now.
/baɪz/
third-person singular of buy
Third-person singular present of 'buy': he, she, or it obtains something with money.
/kɔːt/
past tense and participle of catch
Past tense and past participle of 'catch': to have grabbed or stopped something moving.
/ˈkætʃɪŋ/
present participle of catch
Present participle of 'catch': grabbing or stopping something, happening now.
/ˈkætʃɪz/
third-person singular of catch
Third-person singular present of 'catch': he, she, or it grabs or stops something.
/tɔːt/
past tense and participle of teach
Past tense and past participle of 'teach': to have helped someone learn a skill or subject.
/ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/
present participle of teach
Present participle of 'teach': helping someone learn, happening now.
/ˈtiːtʃɪz/
third-person singular of teach
Third-person singular present of 'teach': he, she, or it helps someone learn.
/roʊt/
past tense of write
Past tense of 'write': to have formed letters or words on a surface or composed a text.
/ˈrɪtən/
past participle of write
Past participle of 'write': used with 'have' to show a text has been composed.
/ˈraɪtɪŋ/
present participle of write
Present participle of 'write': forming words or composing a text, happening now.
/raɪts/
third-person singular of write
Third-person singular present of 'write': he, she, or it forms words or composes text.
/spoʊk/
past tense of speak
Past tense of 'speak': to have said words aloud or had a conversation.
/ˈspoʊkən/
past participle of speak
Past participle of 'speak': used with 'have' to show words have been said aloud.
/ˈspiːkɪŋ/
present participle of speak
Present participle of 'speak': saying words aloud, happening now.
/spiːks/
third-person singular of speak
Third-person singular present of 'speak': he, she, or it says words aloud.
/broʊk/
past tense of break
Past tense of 'break': to have separated something into pieces or stopped it working.
/ˈbroʊkən/
past participle of break
Past participle of 'break': used with 'have' to show something has been separated or damaged.
/ˈbreɪkɪŋ/
present participle of break
Present participle of 'break': separating something into pieces, happening now.
/breɪks/
third-person singular of break
Third-person singular present of 'break': he, she, or it separates something into pieces.
/droʊv/
past tense of drive
Past tense of 'drive': to have operated and steered a vehicle.
/ˈdrɪvən/
past participle of drive
Past participle of 'drive': used with 'have' to show a vehicle has been operated.
/ˈdraɪvɪŋ/
present participle of drive
Present participle of 'drive': operating a vehicle, happening now.
/draɪvz/
third-person singular of drive
Third-person singular present of 'drive': he, she, or it operates a vehicle.
/tʃoʊz/
past tense of choose
Past tense of 'choose': to have picked one thing from several options.
/ˈtʃoʊzən/
past participle of choose
Past participle of 'choose': used with 'have' to show a selection has been made.
/ˈtʃuːzɪŋ/
present participle of choose
Present participle of 'choose': picking from options, happening now.
/ˈtʃuːzɪz/
third-person singular of choose
Third-person singular present of 'choose': he, she, or it picks from options.
/bɪˈɡæn/
past tense of begin
Past tense of 'begin': to have started something.
/bɪˈɡʌn/
past participle of begin
Past participle of 'begin': used with 'have' to show something has started.
/bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/
present participle of begin
Present participle of 'begin': starting something, happening now.
/bɪˈɡɪnz/
third-person singular of begin
Third-person singular present of 'begin': he, she, or it starts something.
/dræŋk/
past tense of drink
Past tense of 'drink': to have taken liquid into the mouth and swallowed it.
/drʌŋk/
past participle of drink
Past participle of 'drink': used with 'have' to show liquid has been swallowed.
/ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/
present participle of drink
Present participle of 'drink': swallowing liquid, happening now.
/drɪŋks/
third-person singular of drink
Third-person singular present of 'drink': he, she, or it swallows liquid.
/swæm/
past tense of swim
Past tense of 'swim': to have moved through water using the arms and legs.
/swʌm/
past participle of swim
Past participle of 'swim': used with 'have' to show movement through water is complete.
/ˈswɪmɪŋ/
present participle of swim
Present participle of 'swim': moving through water, happening now.
/swɪmz/
third-person singular of swim
Third-person singular present of 'swim': he, she, or it moves through water.
/sæŋ/
past tense of sing
Past tense of 'sing': to have produced musical sounds with the voice.
/sʌŋ/
past participle of sing
Past participle of 'sing': used with 'have' to show a song has been performed.
/ˈsɪŋɪŋ/
present participle of sing
Present participle of 'sing': producing musical sounds with the voice, happening now.
/sɪŋz/
third-person singular of sing
Third-person singular present of 'sing': he, she, or it produces musical sounds with the voice.
/ræŋ/
past tense of ring
Past tense of 'ring': to have made a clear bell-like sound, or to have telephoned someone.
/rʌŋ/
past participle of ring
Past participle of 'ring': used with 'have' to show a bell has sounded or a call was made.
/rɪŋ/
to make a bell-like sound or telephone
To make a clear bell-like sound, or to telephone someone.
/ˈrɪŋɪŋ/
present participle of ring
Present participle of 'ring': making a bell-like sound, happening now.
/fluː/
past tense of fly
Past tense of 'fly': to have moved through the air, or traveled by aircraft.
/floʊn/
past participle of fly
Past participle of 'fly': used with 'have' to show movement through the air is complete.
/ˈflaɪɪŋ/
present participle of fly
Present participle of 'fly': moving through the air, happening now.
/flaɪz/
third-person singular of fly
Third-person singular present of 'fly': he, she, or it moves through the air.
/ɡruː/
past tense of grow
Past tense of 'grow': to have become bigger or to have developed over time.
/ɡroʊn/
past participle of grow
Past participle of 'grow': used with 'have' to show development is complete.
/ˈɡroʊɪŋ/
present participle of grow
Present participle of 'grow': becoming bigger or developing, happening now.
/ɡroʊz/
third-person singular of grow
Third-person singular present of 'grow': he, she, or it becomes bigger or develops.
/njuː/
past tense of know
Past tense of 'know': to have had information or been aware of something.
/noʊn/
past participle of know
Past participle of 'know': used with 'have' to show awareness over a period of time.
/ˈnoʊɪŋ/
present participle of know
Present participle of 'know': being aware of something, often used in special structures.
/noʊz/
third-person singular of know
Third-person singular present of 'know': he, she, or it is aware of or has information.
/θruː/
past tense of throw
Past tense of 'throw': to have sent something through the air with the hand.
/θroʊn/
past participle of throw
Past participle of 'throw': used with 'have' to show something has been sent through the air.
/ˈθroʊɪŋ/
present participle of throw
Present participle of 'throw': sending something through the air, happening now.
/θroʊz/
third-person singular of throw
Third-person singular present of 'throw': he, she, or it sends something through the air.
/bluː/
past tense of blow
Past tense of 'blow': to have moved air, as the wind did or with the mouth.
/bloʊn/
past participle of blow
Past participle of 'blow': used with 'have' to show air has moved something.
/bloʊ/
to move air
To move air, as the wind does, or to push air out through the mouth.
/ˈbloʊɪŋ/
present participle of blow
Present participle of 'blow': moving air, happening now.
/druː/
past tense of draw
Past tense of 'draw': to have made a picture with lines, or to have pulled something.
/drɔːn/
past participle of draw
Past participle of 'draw': used with 'have' to show a picture has been made or something pulled.
/drɔːz/
third-person singular of draw
Third-person singular present of 'draw': he, she, or it makes a picture or pulls something.
/fɛl/
past tense of fall
Past tense of 'fall': to have dropped down toward the ground.
/ˈfɔːlən/
past participle of fall
Past participle of 'fall': used with 'have' to show something has dropped down.
/ˈfɔːlɪŋ/
present participle of fall
Present participle of 'fall': dropping down toward the ground, happening now.
/fɔːlz/
third-person singular of fall
Third-person singular present of 'fall': he, she, or it drops down toward the ground.
/hɛld/
past tense and participle of hold
Past tense and past participle of 'hold': to have kept something in the hand or arms.
/ˈhoʊldɪŋ/
present participle of hold
Present participle of 'hold': keeping something in the hand or arms, happening now.
/hoʊldz/
third-person singular of hold
Third-person singular present of 'hold': he, she, or it keeps something in place.
/kɛpt/
past tense and participle of keep
Past tense and past participle of 'keep': to have continued having or holding something.
/ˈkiːpɪŋ/
present participle of keep
Present participle of 'keep': continuing to have or hold something, happening now.
/kiːps/
third-person singular of keep
Third-person singular present of 'keep': he, she, or it continues to have or hold something.
/lɛft/
past tense and participle of leave
Past tense and past participle of 'leave': to have gone away from a place or person.
/ˈliːvɪŋ/
present participle of leave
Present participle of 'leave': going away from a place, happening now.
/liːvz/
third-person singular of leave
Third-person singular present of 'leave': he, she, or it goes away from a place.
/lɒst/
past tense and participle of lose
Past tense and past participle of 'lose': to have stopped having something or failed to win.
/ˈluːzɪŋ/
present participle of lose
Present participle of 'lose': failing to keep something or to win, happening now.
/ˈluːzɪz/
third-person singular of lose
Third-person singular present of 'lose': he, she, or it stops having something or fails to win.
/mɛt/
past tense and participle of meet
Past tense and past participle of 'meet': to have come together with someone, often for the first time.
/miːts/
third-person singular of meet
Third-person singular present of 'meet': he, she, or it comes together with someone.
/peɪd/
past tense and participle of pay
Past tense and past participle of 'pay': to have given money for goods, work, or services.
/ˈpeɪɪŋ/
present participle of pay
Present participle of 'pay': giving money for something, happening now.
/peɪz/
third-person singular of pay
Third-person singular present of 'pay': he, she, or it gives money for something.
/sæt/
past tense and participle of sit
Past tense and past participle of 'sit': to have rested with the body supported on a seat.
/ˈsɪtɪŋ/
present participle of sit
Present participle of 'sit': resting on a seat, happening now.
/sɪts/
third-person singular of sit
Third-person singular present of 'sit': he, she, or it rests on a seat.
/stʊd/
past tense and participle of stand
Past tense and past participle of 'stand': to have been on the feet in an upright position.
/ˈstændɪŋ/
present participle of stand
Present participle of 'stand': being upright on the feet, happening now.
/stændz/
third-person singular of stand
Third-person singular present of 'stand': he, she, or it is upright on the feet.
/wʌn/
past tense and participle of win
Past tense and past participle of 'win': to have come first or gained victory in a contest.
/ˈwɪnɪŋ/
present participle of win
Present participle of 'win': gaining victory or first place, happening now.
/wɪnz/
third-person singular of win
Third-person singular present of 'win': he, she, or it gains victory or first place.
/soʊld/
past tense and participle of sell
Past tense and past participle of 'sell': to have given something in exchange for money.
/ˈsɛlɪŋ/
present participle of sell
Present participle of 'sell': exchanging something for money, happening now.
/sɛlz/
third-person singular of sell
Third-person singular present of 'sell': he, she, or it exchanges something for money.
/sɛnt/
past tense and participle of send
Past tense and past participle of 'send': to have caused something to go to a place or person.
/ˈsɛndɪŋ/
present participle of send
Present participle of 'send': causing something to go somewhere, happening now.
/sɛndz/
third-person singular of send
Third-person singular present of 'send': he, she, or it causes something to go somewhere.
/spɛnt/
past tense and participle of spend
Past tense and past participle of 'spend': to have used money or time on something.
/ˈspɛndɪŋ/
present participle of spend
Present participle of 'spend': using money or time on something, happening now.
/spɛndz/
third-person singular of spend
Third-person singular present of 'spend': he, she, or it uses money or time on something.
/bɪlt/
past tense and participle of build
Past tense and past participle of 'build': to have made something by putting parts together.
/ˈbɪldɪŋ/
present participle of build
Present participle of 'build': making something by putting parts together, happening now.
/bɪldz/
third-person singular of build
Third-person singular present of 'build': he, she, or it makes something by joining parts.
/fɛlt/
past tense and participle of feel
Past tense and past participle of 'feel': to have experienced an emotion or a physical sensation.
/ˈfiːlɪŋ/
present participle of feel
Present participle of 'feel': experiencing an emotion or sensation, happening now.
/fiːlz/
third-person singular of feel
Third-person singular present of 'feel': he, she, or it experiences an emotion or sensation.
/slɛpt/
past tense and participle of sleep
Past tense and past participle of 'sleep': to have rested with the eyes closed and mind unconscious.
/ˈsliːpɪŋ/
present participle of sleep
Present participle of 'sleep': resting with the eyes closed, happening now.
/sliːps/
third-person singular of sleep
Third-person singular present of 'sleep': he, she, or it rests with the eyes closed.
/stoʊl/
past tense of steal
Past tense of 'steal': to have taken something that belongs to another person without permission.
/ˈstoʊlən/
past participle of steal
Past participle of 'steal': used with 'have' to show something has been taken without permission.
/ˈstiːlɪŋ/
present participle of steal
Present participle of 'steal': taking something without permission, happening now.
/woʊk/
past tense of wake
Past tense of 'wake': to have stopped sleeping and become conscious.
/ˈwoʊkən/
past participle of wake
Past participle of 'wake': used with 'have' to show someone has stopped sleeping.
/ˈweɪkɪŋ/
present participle of wake
Present participle of 'wake': stopping sleep and becoming conscious, happening now.
/weɪks/
third-person singular of wake
Third-person singular present of 'wake': he, she, or it stops sleeping and becomes conscious.
/bɔː/
past tense of bear
Past tense of 'bear': to have carried, endured, or given birth to something.
/bɔːn/
past participle of bear
Past participle of 'bear': used with 'have' to show something has been carried or endured.
/ˈbɛərɪŋ/
present participle of bear
Present participle of 'bear': carrying or enduring something, happening now.
/bɛəz/
third-person singular of bear
Third-person singular present of 'bear': he, she, or it carries, endures, or produces something.
/ˈbiːtən/
past participle of beat
Past participle of 'beat': used with 'have' to show someone or something has been hit or defeated.
/ˈbiːtɪŋ/
present participle of beat
Present participle of 'beat': hitting repeatedly or defeating, happening now.
/biːts/
third-person singular of beat
Third-person singular present of 'beat': he, she, or it hits repeatedly or defeats someone.
/bɪˈkeɪm/
past tense of become
Past tense of 'become': to have grown or changed into something.
/bɪˈkʌm/
to grow or change into
To grow or change into something; this base form is also the past participle.
/bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/
present participle of become
Present participle of 'become': growing or changing into something, happening now.
/bɪˈkʌmz/
third-person singular of become
Third-person singular present of 'become': he, she, or it grows or changes into something.
/keɪm/
past tense of come
Past tense of 'come': to have moved toward or arrived at a place.
/ˈkʌmɪŋ/
present participle of come
Present participle of 'come': moving toward a place, happening now.
/kʌmz/
third-person singular of come
Third-person singular present of 'come': he, she, or it moves toward a place.
/dɪd/
past tense of do
Past tense of 'do': to have performed an action or completed a task.
/dʌn/
past participle of do
Past participle of 'do': used with 'have' to show an action or task is finished.
/ˈduːɪŋ/
present participle of do
Present participle of 'do': performing an action or task, happening now.
/dʌz/
third-person singular of do
Third-person singular present of 'do': he, she, or it performs an action or task.
/hæd/
past tense and participle of have
Past tense and past participle of 'have': to have owned, held, or experienced something.
/ˈhævɪŋ/
present participle of have
Present participle of 'have': owning or experiencing something, happening now.
/hæz/
third-person singular of have
Third-person singular present of 'have': he, she, or it owns, holds, or experiences something.
/sɛd/
past tense and participle of say
Past tense and past participle of 'say': to have spoken words or expressed something aloud.
/ˈseɪɪŋ/
present participle of say
Present participle of 'say': speaking words or expressing something, happening now.
/sɛz/
third-person singular of say
Third-person singular present of 'say': he, she, or it speaks words or expresses something.
/ɡɒt/
past tense and participle of get
Past tense and past participle of 'get': to have obtained, received, or arrived somewhere.
/ˈɡɒtən/
past participle of get (American)
Past participle of 'get', used mainly in American English with 'have' to show obtaining or change.
/ˈɡɛtɪŋ/
present participle of get
Present participle of 'get': obtaining, receiving, or becoming, happening now.
/ɡɛts/
third-person singular of get
Third-person singular present of 'get': he, she, or it obtains, receives, or becomes something.
/lɛnt/
past tense and participle of lend
Past tense and past participle of 'lend': to have given something to someone for a short time.
/ˈlɛndɪŋ/
present participle of lend
Present participle of 'lend': giving something temporarily, happening now.
/lɛndz/
third-person singular of lend
Third-person singular present of 'lend': he, she, or it gives something temporarily.
/lɛd/
past tense and participle of lead
Past tense and past participle of 'lead': to have guided or directed others, or gone in front.
/ˈliːdɪŋ/
present participle of lead
Present participle of 'lead': guiding or going in front, happening now.
/liːdz/
third-person singular of lead
Third-person singular present of 'lead': he, she, or it guides others or goes in front.
/kʌt/
past tense and participle of cut
Past tense and past participle of 'cut': to have divided or shaped something using a sharp tool.
/ˈkʌtɪŋ/
present participle of cut
Present participle of 'cut': dividing or shaping with a sharp tool, happening now.
/kʌts/
third-person singular of cut
Third-person singular present of 'cut': he, she, or it divides or shapes with a sharp tool.
/pʊt/
past tense and participle of put
Past tense and past participle of 'put': to have placed something in a particular position.
/ˈpʊtɪŋ/
present participle of put
Present participle of 'put': placing something in a position, happening now.
/pʊts/
third-person singular of put
Third-person singular present of 'put': he, she, or it places something in a position.
/mɛnt/
past tense and participle of mean
Past tense and past participle of 'mean': to have intended something or had a particular significance.
/miːn/
to intend or signify
To intend something, or to have a particular meaning or significance.
/ˈmiːnɪŋ/
present participle of mean
Present participle of 'mean': intending or signifying something, often in participle phrases.
/miːnz/
third-person singular of mean
Third-person singular present of 'mean': he, she, or it intends or signifies something.
/hɜːrd/
past tense and participle of hear
Past tense and past participle of 'hear': to have perceived sound through the ears.
/hɪərz/
third-person singular of hear
Third-person singular present of 'hear': he, she, or it perceives sound through the ears.
/ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/
present participle of understand
Present participle of 'understand': grasping the meaning of something, happening now.
/ˌʌndəˈstændz/
third-person singular of understand
Third-person singular present of 'understand': he, she, or it grasps the meaning of something.
/wɔː/
past tense of wear
Past tense of 'wear': to have had clothing or accessories on the body.
/wɔːn/
past participle of wear
Past participle of 'wear': used with 'have' to show clothing has been on the body, or something is damaged by use.
/wɛə/
to have clothing on the body
To have clothing, jewelry, or accessories on the body.
/ˈwɛərɪŋ/
present participle of wear
Present participle of 'wear': having clothing on the body, happening now.
/ˈhɪərɪŋ/
present participle of hear
Present participle of 'hear': perceiving sound through the ears, happening now.
/ˈbɒksɪz/
plural of box
Boxes is the plural form of box, meaning more than one container with flat sides used to hold things.
/bɒks/
a container with flat sides
A box is a container, usually with four flat sides and a lid, used to hold or carry things.
/fiːt/
plural of foot
Feet is the irregular plural of foot, the body parts at the ends of your legs that you stand on.
/tiːθ/
plural of tooth
Teeth is the irregular plural of tooth, the hard white parts in your mouth used to bite and chew.
/tuːθ/
a hard part in the mouth for biting
A tooth is one of the hard white parts in your mouth that you use to bite and chew food.
/maɪs/
plural of mouse
Mice is the irregular plural of mouse, small furry animals with long tails.
/maʊs/
a small furry animal
A mouse is a small furry animal with a long tail. The word also means a device used to control a computer.
/men/
plural of man
Men is the irregular plural of man, meaning more than one adult male person.
/mæn/
an adult male person
A man is an adult male human being.
/ˈwɪmɪn/
plural of woman
Women is the irregular plural of woman, meaning more than one adult female person.
/ˈwʊmən/
an adult female person
A woman is an adult female human being.
/ˈpiːpl̩/
plural of person
People is the usual plural of person, meaning more than one human being.
/ˈpɜːsn̩/
a human being
A person is a single human being. Its usual plural is 'people'.
/naɪvz/
plural of knife
Knives is the irregular plural of knife, sharp tools used for cutting.
/laɪf/
the state of being alive
Life is the condition of being alive, or the time between birth and death.
/hɑːvz/
plural of half
Halves is the irregular plural of half, meaning two equal parts of something.
/hɑːf/
one of two equal parts
A half is one of two equal parts that something is divided into.
/ləʊvz/
plural of loaf
Loaves is the irregular plural of loaf, meaning more than one whole shaped piece of baked bread.
/ləʊf/
a shaped piece of bread
A loaf is a whole piece of bread that is baked in one shape and then sliced.
/wʊlvz/
plural of wolf
Wolves is the irregular plural of wolf, wild animals that look like large dogs and hunt in groups.
/ˈsɪtiz/
plural of city
Cities is the plural of city, meaning more than one large important town.
/ˈbeɪbiz/
plural of baby
Babies is the plural of baby, meaning more than one very young child.
/ˈstɔːriz/
plural of story
Stories is the plural of story, meaning more than one account of real or imagined events.
/ˈfæmɪliz/
plural of family
Families is the plural of family, meaning more than one group of related people.
/ˈkʌntriz/
plural of country
Countries is the plural of country, meaning more than one nation with its own government.
/ˈtʃɪldrən/
plural of child
Children is the irregular plural of child, meaning more than one young person.
/fʊt/
the body part at the end of the leg
A foot is the part of your body at the end of your leg that you stand and walk on.
/tʃeəz/
plural of chair
Chairs is the plural of chair, meaning more than one seat for one person, usually with a back.
/ˈteɪblz/
plural of table
Tables is the plural of table, pieces of furniture with a flat top and legs.
/ˈhaʊzɪz/
plural of house
Houses is the plural of house, buildings where people live.
/dɒɡz/
plural of dog
Dogs is the plural of dog, common animals kept as pets and for work.
/kæts/
plural of cat
Cats is the plural of cat, small furry animals often kept as pets.
/bʊks/
plural of book
Books is the plural of book, sets of printed pages held together for reading.
/penz/
plural of pen
Pens is the plural of pen, tools used for writing with ink.
/pen/
a tool for writing with ink
A pen is a long thin tool that you use to write or draw with ink.
/ˈpensl̩/
a tool for writing or drawing
A pencil is a thin stick of wood with a grey or coloured core, used for writing and drawing.
/ˈpensl̩z/
plural of pencil
Pencils is the plural of pencil, thin sticks used for writing and drawing.
/bæɡz/
plural of bag
Bags is the plural of bag, containers made of cloth, paper, or plastic for carrying things.
/ʃuː/
a covering for the foot
A shoe is something you wear on your foot to protect it when you walk.
/kɑːz/
plural of car
Cars is the plural of car, road vehicles with four wheels and an engine.
/ˈbʌsɪz/
plural of bus
Buses is the plural of bus, large road vehicles that carry many passengers.
/treɪnz/
plural of train
Trains is the plural of train, lines of connected vehicles that run on rails.
/pleɪnz/
plural of plane
Planes is the plural of plane, flying vehicles with wings and engines.
/pleɪn/
a flying vehicle with wings
A plane is a vehicle with wings and engines that flies through the air carrying people or goods.
/striːts/
plural of street
Streets is the plural of street, public roads in a town or city with houses or shops.
/skuːlz/
plural of school
Schools is the plural of school, places where children go to learn.
/ˈtiːtʃəz/
plural of teacher
Teachers is the plural of teacher, people whose job is to help others learn.
/ˈstjuːdn̩ts/
plural of student
Students is the plural of student, people who are studying at a school or college.
/frendz/
plural of friend
Friends is the plural of friend, people you know well and like.
/ˈbrʌðəz/
plural of brother
Brothers is the plural of brother, boys or men who share the same parents as you.
/ˈsɪstəz/
plural of sister
Sisters is the plural of sister, girls or women who share the same parents as you.
/ˈpeərənts/
plural of parent
Parents is the plural of parent, meaning a person's mother and father together.
/hændz/
plural of hand
Hands is the plural of hand, the parts at the end of your arms with fingers.
/aɪz/
plural of eye
Eyes is the plural of eye, the parts of your body that you see with.
/ɪəz/
plural of ear
Ears is the plural of ear, the parts of your body that you hear with.
/ɑːmz/
plural of arm
Arms is the plural of arm, the long parts of your body between your shoulders and hands.
/leɡz/
plural of leg
Legs is the plural of leg, the parts of your body that you stand and walk on.
/ˈfɪŋɡəz/
plural of finger
Fingers is the plural of finger, the long thin parts at the end of your hand.
/ˈæplz/
plural of apple
Apples is the plural of apple, round fruits that are usually red or green.
/eɡz/
plural of egg
Eggs is the plural of egg, oval objects laid by birds that are eaten as food.
/pəˈteɪtəʊz/
plural of potato
Potatoes is the plural of potato, round vegetables that grow under the ground.
/təˈmɑːtəʊz/
plural of tomato
Tomatoes is the plural of tomato, soft red fruits used in cooking and salads.
/ˈɒrɪndʒɪz/
plural of orange
Oranges is the plural of orange, round sweet fruits with thick orange skin.
/bəˈnɑːnəz/
plural of banana
Bananas is the plural of banana, long curved fruits with yellow skin.
/kʌps/
plural of cup
Cups is the plural of cup, small round containers used for drinking.
/pleɪts/
plural of plate
Plates is the plural of plate, flat round dishes that food is served on.
/spuːnz/
plural of spoon
Spoons is the plural of spoon, tools with a round end used for eating and stirring.
/fɔːks/
plural of fork
Forks is the plural of fork, tools with sharp points used for picking up food.
/dɔːz/
plural of door
Doors is the plural of door, the parts that open and close to let you into a room or building.
/ˈwɪndəʊz/
plural of window
Windows is the plural of window, openings in a wall, usually with glass, that let in light.
/ruːmz/
plural of room
Rooms is the plural of room, the separate spaces inside a building with their own walls.
/wɔːlz/
plural of wall
Walls is the plural of wall, the upright sides of a room or building.
/bedz/
plural of bed
Beds is the plural of bed, the pieces of furniture you sleep on.
/triːz/
plural of tree
Trees is the plural of tree, tall plants with a trunk, branches, and leaves.
/ˈflaʊəz/
plural of flower
Flowers is the plural of flower, the coloured parts of a plant that hold the seeds.
/bɜːdz/
plural of bird
Birds is the plural of bird, animals with feathers and wings that can usually fly.
/fɪʃ/
plural of fish
Fish can be both singular and plural; as a plural it means more than one of the water animals that swim.
/ʃiːp/
plural of sheep
Sheep is the same in singular and plural; as a plural it means more than one of the farm animals kept for wool and meat.
/ʃiːp/
a farm animal kept for wool
A sheep is a farm animal with a thick woolly coat, kept for its wool and meat.
/ˈhɔːsɪz/
plural of horse
Horses is the plural of horse, large strong animals that people ride and use for work.
/hɔːs/
a large animal people ride
A horse is a large strong animal with four legs that people ride or use to pull things.
/kaʊz/
plural of cow
Cows is the plural of cow, large farm animals kept for milk and meat.
/kaʊ/
a large farm animal
A cow is a large farm animal kept for its milk and meat.
/ˈtʃɪkɪnz/
plural of chicken
Chickens is the plural of chicken, farm birds kept for their eggs and meat.
/ˈænɪml̩z/
plural of animal
Animals is the plural of animal, living creatures that can move and feel, but are not plants.
/ˈænɪml̩/
a living creature
An animal is a living creature that can move on its own and feel, such as a dog, bird, or fish.
/dʒɒbz/
plural of job
Jobs is the plural of job, the work people do regularly to earn money.
/ˈdɒktəz/
plural of doctor
Doctors is the plural of doctor, people trained to treat sick or injured people.
/ˈnɜːsɪz/
plural of nurse
Nurses is the plural of nurse, people trained to care for sick or injured people.
/ˈwɜːkəz/
plural of worker
Workers is the plural of worker, people who do a job, especially physical or paid work.
/ˈwɜːkə/
a person who works
A worker is a person who does a job, especially one who is paid for physical or regular work.
/ˈfɑːməz/
plural of farmer
Farmers is the plural of farmer, people who own or work on farms growing crops or keeping animals.
/kiːz/
plural of key
Keys is the plural of key, small metal objects used to lock and unlock things.
/kiː/
a tool to lock or unlock
A key is a small metal object that you use to lock or unlock a door or other things.
/klɒks/
plural of clock
Clocks is the plural of clock, instruments that show the time.
/fəʊnz/
plural of phone
Phones is the plural of phone, devices used to speak with people far away.
/kəmˈpjuːtəz/
plural of computer
Computers is the plural of computer, electronic machines used for storing and working with information.
/ˈletəz/
plural of letter
Letters is the plural of letter. It means written messages sent to someone, or the signs used in writing words.
/ˈletə/
a written message or alphabet sign
A letter is a written message sent to someone, or one of the signs such as a, b, c used to write words.
/wɜːdz/
plural of word
Words is the plural of word, the single units of language that have meaning.
/wɜːd/
a single unit of language
A word is a single sound or group of letters that has meaning and is used to build sentences.
/ˈnʌmbəz/
plural of number
Numbers is the plural of number, the words or signs such as one, two, three used for counting.
/ˈnʌmbə/
a word or sign for counting
A number is a word or sign such as one, two, or three that tells how many of something there are.
/ˈkʌləz/
plural of colour
Colours is the plural of colour, the qualities such as red, blue, or green that we see in things.
/ˈkʌlə/
a quality such as red or blue
A colour is a quality such as red, blue, or yellow that we see when light shines on something.
/deɪz/
plural of day
Days is the plural of day, the periods of twenty-four hours, or the times when it is light.
/wiːks/
plural of week
Weeks is the plural of week, periods of seven days.
/mʌnθs/
plural of month
Months is the plural of month, the twelve named periods that make up a year.
/jɪəz/
plural of year
Years is the plural of year, periods of twelve months.
/ˈaʊəz/
plural of hour
Hours is the plural of hour, periods of sixty minutes.
/ˈmɪnɪts/
plural of minute
Minutes is the plural of minute, periods of sixty seconds.
/taʊnz/
plural of town
Towns is the plural of town, places with houses, shops, and streets, larger than a village but smaller than a city.
/ˈvɪlɪdʒɪz/
plural of village
Villages is the plural of village, small groups of houses and buildings in the countryside.
/ˈrɪvəz/
plural of river
Rivers is the plural of river, large natural streams of water that flow to the sea.
/ˈmaʊntɪnz/
plural of mountain
Mountains is the plural of mountain, very high areas of land with steep sides.
/hɪlz/
plural of hill
Hills is the plural of hill, areas of land that are higher than the ground around them but lower than mountains.
/rəʊdz/
plural of road
Roads is the plural of road, the hard paths built for cars and other vehicles to travel on.
/ˈbrɪdʒɪz/
plural of bridge
Bridges is the plural of bridge, structures built over rivers, roads, or railways so people can cross.
/ˈɡɑːdn̩z/
plural of garden
Gardens is the plural of garden, pieces of land next to a house where plants and flowers grow.
/pɑːks/
plural of park
Parks is the plural of park, large public areas with grass and trees where people relax.
/ˈɡlɑːsɪz/
plural of glass
Glasses is the plural of glass, containers used for drinking. It also means a pair of lenses worn to see better.
/ˈdɪʃɪz/
plural of dish
Dishes is the plural of dish, the plates and bowls used to serve and eat food.
/dɪʃ/
a shallow container for food
A dish is a shallow container used to serve food. The word can also mean a particular kind of prepared food.
/wɒtʃ/
a small clock worn on the wrist
A watch is a small clock that you wear on your wrist to tell the time.
/ˈtʃɜːtʃɪz/
plural of church
Churches is the plural of church, buildings where Christians meet to pray.
/ˈbiːtʃɪz/
plural of beach
Beaches is the plural of beach, areas of sand or stones next to the sea.
/ˈbɪldɪŋz/
plural of building
Buildings is the plural of building, structures with walls and a roof, such as houses or offices.
/ʃɜːts/
plural of shirt
Shirts is the plural of shirt, pieces of clothing worn on the upper body with a collar and sleeves.
/ˈdresɪz/
plural of dress
Dresses is the plural of dress, one-piece pieces of clothing worn mainly by women and girls.
/hæts/
plural of hat
Hats is the plural of hat, things you wear on your head.
/kəʊts/
plural of coat
Coats is the plural of coat, warm pieces of clothing worn over other clothes when you go outside.
/tɔɪz/
plural of toy
Toys is the plural of toy, objects that children play with.
/tɔɪ/
an object a child plays with
A toy is an object made for children to play with.
/bɔɪz/
plural of boy
Boys is the plural of boy, young male children.
/bɔɪ/
a young male child
A boy is a young male child or a male who is not yet an adult.
/ɡɜːlz/
plural of girl
Girls is the plural of girl, young female children.
/ɡɜːl/
a young female child
A girl is a young female child or a female who is not yet an adult.
/kɪdz/
plural of kid
Kids is the plural of kid, an informal word for children.
/kɪd/
an informal word for a child
A kid is an informal word for a child. The word also means a young goat.
/ˈɒksn̩/
plural of ox
Oxen is the irregular plural of ox, large strong cattle used for pulling heavy loads.
/ɒks/
a large farm animal for pulling
An ox is a large strong farm animal, often used for pulling carts or ploughs.
/ɡiːs/
plural of goose
Geese is the irregular plural of goose, large water birds with long necks.
/ɡuːs/
a large water bird
A goose is a large water bird with a long neck, larger than a duck.
/ˈleɪdiz/
plural of lady
Ladies is the plural of lady, a polite word for adult women.
/ˈleɪdi/
a polite word for a woman
A lady is an adult woman, especially one who is polite and well-mannered.
/ˈpɑːtiz/
plural of party
Parties is the plural of party, social events where people gather to enjoy themselves.
/ˈpɑːti/
a social event for enjoyment
A party is a social event where people meet to celebrate or enjoy themselves together.
/ˈpʌpiz/
plural of puppy
Puppies is the plural of puppy, young dogs.
/ˈpʌpi/
a young dog
A puppy is a young dog.
/ˈbɒdiz/
plural of body
Bodies is the plural of body, the whole physical forms of people or animals.
/ˈɑːmiz/
plural of army
Armies is the plural of army, large groups of soldiers organized to fight on land.
/ˈɑːmi/
a large group of soldiers
An army is a large organized group of soldiers who fight for a country on land.
/ˈfæktriz/
plural of factory
Factories is the plural of factory, large buildings where goods are made by machines.
/ˈfæktri/
a building where goods are made
A factory is a large building where goods are made, usually using machines.
/ˈɒfɪsɪz/
plural of office
Offices is the plural of office, rooms or buildings where people do desk work.
/məˈʃiːnz/
plural of machine
Machines is the plural of machine, devices with moving parts that do work.
/məˈʃiːn/
a device that does work
A machine is a device with moving parts that uses power to do a particular kind of work.
/tuːlz/
plural of tool
Tools is the plural of tool, objects held in the hand and used to do a particular job.
/tuːl/
an object used to do a job
A tool is an object, usually held in the hand, that you use to do a particular job, such as a hammer or saw.
/miːlz/
plural of meal
Meals is the plural of meal, the times when you eat, such as breakfast or dinner, or the food eaten then.
/miːl/
food eaten at one time
A meal is the food you eat at one time, such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
/ˈvedʒtəbl̩z/
plural of vegetable
Vegetables is the plural of vegetable, plants such as carrots and beans grown to be eaten.
/ˈvedʒtəbl̩/
a plant grown to be eaten
A vegetable is a plant, or part of a plant, such as a carrot or potato, that is grown to be eaten.
/fruːts/
plural of fruit
Fruits is the plural of fruit, used when talking about different kinds of the sweet food that grows on plants and trees.
/fruːt/
sweet food that grows on plants
Fruit is the sweet, soft food that grows on trees and plants and holds the seeds, such as apples and oranges.
/ˈbɒtl̩z/
plural of bottle
Bottles is the plural of bottle, tall containers with narrow necks used to hold liquids.
/ˈbɒtl̩/
a container for liquids
A bottle is a tall container with a narrow neck, used to hold and pour liquids.
/ˈpɪktʃəz/
plural of picture
Pictures is the plural of picture, drawings, paintings, or photographs that show something.
/ˈpɪktʃə/
a drawing, painting, or photo
A picture is a drawing, painting, or photograph that shows a person, thing, or scene.
/sɒŋz/
plural of song
Songs is the plural of song, short pieces of music with words that are sung.
/ɡeɪmz/
plural of game
Games is the plural of game, activities with rules that people play for fun or to win.
/ɡeɪm/
an activity played for fun
A game is an activity with rules that people play for fun or in a competition.
/bɔːlz/
plural of ball
Balls is the plural of ball, round objects used in many games and sports.
/bɔːl/
a round object used in games
A ball is a round object that is thrown, kicked, or hit in many games and sports.
/læmps/
plural of lamp
Lamps is the plural of lamp, devices that give light.
/flɔːz/
plural of floor
Floors is the plural of floor, the flat surfaces you walk on inside a building, or the levels of a building.
/ruːfs/
plural of roof
Roofs is the plural of roof, the structures that cover the tops of buildings.
/ʃelvz/
plural of shelf
Shelves is the irregular plural of shelf, flat boards fixed to a wall or in a cupboard to hold things.
/θiːvz/
plural of thief
Thieves is the irregular plural of thief, people who steal things.
/θiːf/
a person who steals
A thief is a person who steals things from other people.
/waɪvz/
plural of wife
Wives is the irregular plural of wife, the women that men are married to.
/kɑːvz/
plural of calf
Calves is the irregular plural of calf, young cows. It is also the plural of the lower-back part of the leg.
/kɑːf/
a young cow
A calf is a young cow. The word also means the muscular back part of your lower leg.
/skɑːvz/
plural of scarf
Scarves is the irregular plural of scarf, pieces of cloth worn around the neck or head for warmth.
/ˈhɪərəʊz/
plural of hero
Heroes is the plural of hero, brave people who are admired for what they have done.
/ˈklɑːsɪz/
plural of class
Classes is the plural of class, groups of students taught together, or the lessons they have.
/klɑːs/
a group of students or a lesson
A class is a group of students who are taught together, or one lesson with a teacher.
/ˈfɒksɪz/
plural of fox
Foxes is the plural of fox, wild animals with red fur, pointed ears, and a bushy tail.
/ˈbʊʃɪz/
plural of bush
Bushes is the plural of bush, low woody plants smaller than trees with many branches.
/ˈmætʃɪz/
plural of match
Matches is the plural of match. It means small sticks for making fire, or sports contests between teams.
/mætʃ/
a fire stick or a sports contest
A match is a small stick used to make fire. It also means a sports contest between two teams or players.
/klaʊdz/
plural of cloud
Clouds is the plural of cloud, the white or grey masses of water drops that float in the sky.
/stɑːz/
plural of star
Stars is the plural of star, the points of light we see in the night sky.
/leɪks/
plural of lake
Lakes is the plural of lake, large areas of water surrounded by land.
/fiːldz/
plural of field
Fields is the plural of field, areas of open land used for crops or animals.
/fiːld/
an area of open land
A field is an area of open land, often used for growing crops or keeping animals, or for playing sport.
/ˈaɪləndz/
plural of island
Islands is the plural of island, pieces of land completely surrounded by water.
/ˈmɑːkɪts/
plural of market
Markets is the plural of market, places where people meet to buy and sell goods.
/ˈhɒspɪtl̩z/
plural of hospital
Hospitals is the plural of hospital, places where sick or injured people are treated.
/ˈmedsn̩z/
plural of medicine
Medicines is the plural of medicine, substances taken to treat illness or pain.
/bəʊnz/
plural of bone
Bones is the plural of bone, the hard white parts inside the body that make up the skeleton.
/ˈfeɪsɪz/
plural of face
Faces is the plural of face, the front parts of people's heads.
/ˈvɔɪsɪz/
plural of voice
Voices is the plural of voice, the sounds people make when they speak or sing.
/vɔɪs/
the sound a person makes speaking
A voice is the sound that a person makes when they speak or sing.
/ˈmʌŋkiz/
plural of monkey
Monkeys is the plural of monkey, animals with long tails that climb trees and are good with their hands.
/ˈmʌŋki/
a tree-climbing animal with a tail
A monkey is an animal with a long tail and clever hands that lives mostly in trees.
/ˈræbɪts/
plural of rabbit
Rabbits is the plural of rabbit, small furry animals with long ears that hop.
/ˈkɪtʃɪnz/
plural of kitchen
Kitchens is the plural of kitchen, the rooms where food is prepared and cooked.
/ˈfensɪz/
plural of fence
Fences is the plural of fence, the barriers of wood or wire built around an area of land.
/ɡlʌvz/
plural of glove
Gloves is the plural of glove, coverings for the hands with separate parts for each finger.
/sɒks/
plural of sock
Socks is the plural of sock, soft coverings for the feet worn inside shoes.
/sɒk/
a soft covering for the foot
A sock is a soft covering for the foot, worn inside a shoe.
/ˈvæliz/
plural of valley
Valleys is the plural of valley, the low areas of land between hills or mountains, often with a river.
/ˈbɪɡər/
comparative of big
Comparative form of 'big'. Used to say something is larger in size than another thing.
/ˈbɪɡɪst/
superlative of big
Superlative form of 'big'. Used to say something is the largest in size of all.
/ˈbɛtər/
comparative of good
Irregular comparative form of 'good'. Used to say something is of higher quality than another.
/bɛst/
superlative of good
Irregular superlative form of 'good'. Used to say something is of the highest quality of all.
/wɜːrs/
comparative of bad
Irregular comparative form of 'bad'. Used to say something is of lower quality than another.
/wɜːrst/
superlative of bad
Irregular superlative form of 'bad'. Used to say something is of the lowest quality of all.
/ˈhæpiər/
comparative of happy
Comparative form of 'happy'. Used to say someone or something is more cheerful than another.
/ˈhæpiɪst/
superlative of happy
Superlative form of 'happy'. Used to say someone is the most cheerful of all.
/ˈiːziər/
comparative of easy
Comparative form of 'easy'. Used to say something needs less effort than another.
/ˈiːziɪst/
superlative of easy
Superlative form of 'easy'. Used to say something needs the least effort of all.
/ˈhɒtər/
comparative of hot
Comparative form of 'hot'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more hot than the other.
/ˈhɒtɪst/
superlative of hot
Superlative form of 'hot'. Used to say something is the most hot of all.
/ˈfɑːstər/
comparative of fast
Comparative form of 'fast'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more fast than the other.
/ˈfɑːstɪst/
superlative of fast
Superlative form of 'fast'. Used to say something is the most fast of all.
/ˈstrɒŋɡər/
comparative of strong
Comparative form of 'strong'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more strong than the other.
/ˈstrɒŋɡɪst/
superlative of strong
Superlative form of 'strong'. Used to say something is the most strong of all.
/ˈtɔːlər/
comparative of tall
Comparative form of 'tall'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more tall than the other.
/ˈtɔːlɪst/
superlative of tall
Superlative form of 'tall'. Used to say something is the most tall of all.
/ˈʃɔːrtər/
comparative of short
Comparative form of 'short'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more short than the other.
/ˈʃɔːrtɪst/
superlative of short
Superlative form of 'short'. Used to say something is the most short of all.
/ˈsmɔːlər/
comparative of small
Comparative form of 'small'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more small than the other.
/ˈsmɔːlɪst/
superlative of small
Superlative form of 'small'. Used to say something is the most small of all.
/ˈəʊldər/
comparative of old
Comparative form of 'old'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more old than the other.
/ˈəʊldɪst/
superlative of old
Superlative form of 'old'. Used to say something is the most old of all.
/ˈjʌŋɡər/
comparative of young
Comparative form of 'young'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more young than the other.
/ˈjʌŋɡɪst/
superlative of young
Superlative form of 'young'. Used to say something is the most young of all.
/ˈtʃiːpər/
comparative of cheap
Comparative form of 'cheap'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more cheap than the other.
/ˈtʃiːpɪst/
superlative of cheap
Superlative form of 'cheap'. Used to say something is the most cheap of all.
/ˈrɪtʃər/
comparative of rich
Comparative form of 'rich'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more rich than the other.
/ˈrɪtʃɪst/
superlative of rich
Superlative form of 'rich'. Used to say something is the most rich of all.
/ˈpʊərər/
comparative of poor
Comparative form of 'poor'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more poor than the other.
/ˈpʊərɪst/
superlative of poor
Superlative form of 'poor'. Used to say something is the most poor of all.
/ˈkəʊldər/
comparative of cold
Comparative form of 'cold'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more cold than the other.
/ˈkəʊldɪst/
superlative of cold
Superlative form of 'cold'. Used to say something is the most cold of all.
/ˈwɔːrmər/
comparative of warm
Comparative form of 'warm'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more warm than the other.
/ˈwɔːrmɪst/
superlative of warm
Superlative form of 'warm'. Used to say something is the most warm of all.
/ˈdiːpər/
comparative of deep
Comparative form of 'deep'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more deep than the other.
/ˈdiːpɪst/
superlative of deep
Superlative form of 'deep'. Used to say something is the most deep of all.
/ˈhaɪər/
comparative of high
Comparative form of 'high'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more high than the other.
/ˈhaɪɪst/
superlative of high
Superlative form of 'high'. Used to say something is the most high of all.
/ˈləʊər/
comparative of low
Comparative form of 'low'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more low than the other.
/ˈləʊɪst/
superlative of low
Superlative form of 'low'. Used to say something is the most low of all.
/ˈlɒŋɡər/
comparative of long
Comparative form of 'long'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more long than the other.
/ˈlɒŋɡɪst/
superlative of long
Superlative form of 'long'. Used to say something is the most long of all.
/ˈwaɪdər/
comparative of wide
Comparative form of 'wide'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more wide than the other.
/ˈwaɪdɪst/
superlative of wide
Superlative form of 'wide'. Used to say something is the most wide of all.
/ˈθɪkər/
comparative of thick
Comparative form of 'thick'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more thick than the other.
/ˈθɪkɪst/
superlative of thick
Superlative form of 'thick'. Used to say something is the most thick of all.
/ˈθɪnər/
comparative of thin
Comparative form of 'thin'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more thin than the other.
/ˈθɪnɪst/
superlative of thin
Superlative form of 'thin'. Used to say something is the most thin of all.
/ˈhɑːrdər/
comparative of hard
Comparative form of 'hard'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more hard than the other.
/ˈhɑːrdɪst/
superlative of hard
Superlative form of 'hard'. Used to say something is the most hard of all.
/ˈsɒftər/
comparative of soft
Comparative form of 'soft'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more soft than the other.
/ˈsɒftɪst/
superlative of soft
Superlative form of 'soft'. Used to say something is the most soft of all.
/ˈlaɪtər/
comparative of light
Comparative form of 'light'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more light than the other.
/ˈlaɪtɪst/
superlative of light
Superlative form of 'light'. Used to say something is the most light of all.
/ˈhɛviər/
comparative of heavy
Comparative form of 'heavy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more heavy than the other.
/ˈhɛviɪst/
superlative of heavy
Superlative form of 'heavy'. Used to say something is the most heavy of all.
/ˈdɑːrkər/
comparative of dark
Comparative form of 'dark'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more dark than the other.
/ˈdɑːrkɪst/
superlative of dark
Superlative form of 'dark'. Used to say something is the most dark of all.
/ˈbraɪtər/
comparative of bright
Comparative form of 'bright'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more bright than the other.
/ˈbraɪtɪst/
superlative of bright
Superlative form of 'bright'. Used to say something is the most bright of all.
/ˈkliːnər/
comparative of clean
Comparative form of 'clean'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more clean than the other.
/ˈkliːnɪst/
superlative of clean
Superlative form of 'clean'. Used to say something is the most clean of all.
/ˈlaʊdər/
comparative of loud
Comparative form of 'loud'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more loud than the other.
/ˈlaʊdɪst/
superlative of loud
Superlative form of 'loud'. Used to say something is the most loud of all.
/ˈkwaɪətər/
comparative of quiet
Comparative form of 'quiet'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more quiet than the other.
/ˈkwaɪətɪst/
superlative of quiet
Superlative form of 'quiet'. Used to say something is the most quiet of all.
/ˈsləʊər/
comparative of slow
Comparative form of 'slow'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more slow than the other.
/ˈsləʊɪst/
superlative of slow
Superlative form of 'slow'. Used to say something is the most slow of all.
/ˈwiːkər/
comparative of weak
Comparative form of 'weak'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more weak than the other.
/ˈwiːkɪst/
superlative of weak
Superlative form of 'weak'. Used to say something is the most weak of all.
/ˈseɪfər/
comparative of safe
Comparative form of 'safe'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more safe than the other.
/ˈseɪfɪst/
superlative of safe
Superlative form of 'safe'. Used to say something is the most safe of all.
/ˈbreɪvər/
comparative of brave
Comparative form of 'brave'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more brave than the other.
/ˈbreɪvɪst/
superlative of brave
Superlative form of 'brave'. Used to say something is the most brave of all.
/ˈklɛvərər/
comparative of clever
Comparative form of 'clever'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more clever than the other.
/ˈklɛvərɪst/
superlative of clever
Superlative form of 'clever'. Used to say something is the most clever of all.
/ˈkaɪndər/
comparative of kind
Comparative form of 'kind'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more kind than the other.
/ˈkaɪndɪst/
superlative of kind
Superlative form of 'kind'. Used to say something is the most kind of all.
/ˈruːdər/
comparative of rude
Comparative form of 'rude'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more rude than the other.
/ˈruːdɪst/
superlative of rude
Superlative form of 'rude'. Used to say something is the most rude of all.
/ˈpraʊdər/
comparative of proud
Comparative form of 'proud'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more proud than the other.
/ˈpraʊdɪst/
superlative of proud
Superlative form of 'proud'. Used to say something is the most proud of all.
/ˈswiːtər/
comparative of sweet
Comparative form of 'sweet'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more sweet than the other.
/ˈswiːtɪst/
superlative of sweet
Superlative form of 'sweet'. Used to say something is the most sweet of all.
/ˈsaʊərər/
comparative of sour
Comparative form of 'sour'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more sour than the other.
/ˈsaʊərɪst/
superlative of sour
Superlative form of 'sour'. Used to say something is the most sour of all.
/ˈdraɪər/
comparative of dry
Comparative form of 'dry'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more dry than the other.
/ˈdraɪɪst/
superlative of dry
Superlative form of 'dry'. Used to say something is the most dry of all.
/ˈwɛtər/
comparative of wet
Comparative form of 'wet'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more wet than the other.
/ˈwɛtɪst/
superlative of wet
Superlative form of 'wet'. Used to say something is the most wet of all.
/ˈdɜːrtiər/
comparative of dirty
Comparative form of 'dirty'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more dirty than the other.
/ˈdɜːrtiɪst/
superlative of dirty
Superlative form of 'dirty'. Used to say something is the most dirty of all.
/ˈbɪziər/
comparative of busy
Comparative form of 'busy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more busy than the other.
/ˈbɪziɪst/
superlative of busy
Superlative form of 'busy'. Used to say something is the most busy of all.
/ˈprɪtiər/
comparative of pretty
Comparative form of 'pretty'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more pretty than the other.
/ˈprɪtiɪst/
superlative of pretty
Superlative form of 'pretty'. Used to say something is the most pretty of all.
/ˈʌɡliər/
comparative of ugly
Comparative form of 'ugly'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more ugly than the other.
/ˈʌɡliɪst/
superlative of ugly
Superlative form of 'ugly'. Used to say something is the most ugly of all.
/ˈfʌniər/
comparative of funny
Comparative form of 'funny'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more funny than the other.
/ˈfʌniɪst/
superlative of funny
Superlative form of 'funny'. Used to say something is the most funny of all.
/ˈæŋɡriər/
comparative of angry
Comparative form of 'angry'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more angry than the other.
/ˈæŋɡriɪst/
superlative of angry
Superlative form of 'angry'. Used to say something is the most angry of all.
/ˈhʌŋɡriər/
comparative of hungry
Comparative form of 'hungry'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more hungry than the other.
/ˈhʌŋɡriɪst/
superlative of hungry
Superlative form of 'hungry'. Used to say something is the most hungry of all.
/ˈhɛlθiər/
comparative of healthy
Comparative form of 'healthy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more healthy than the other.
/ˈhɛlθiɪst/
superlative of healthy
Superlative form of 'healthy'. Used to say something is the most healthy of all.
/ˈwɛlθiər/
comparative of wealthy
Comparative form of 'wealthy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more wealthy than the other.
/ˈwɛlθiɪst/
superlative of wealthy
Superlative form of 'wealthy'. Used to say something is the most wealthy of all.
/ˈlʌkiər/
comparative of lucky
Comparative form of 'lucky'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more lucky than the other.
/ˈlʌkiɪst/
superlative of lucky
Superlative form of 'lucky'. Used to say something is the most lucky of all.
/ˈleɪziər/
comparative of lazy
Comparative form of 'lazy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more lazy than the other.
/ˈleɪziɪst/
superlative of lazy
Superlative form of 'lazy'. Used to say something is the most lazy of all.
/ˈnɔɪziər/
comparative of noisy
Comparative form of 'noisy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more noisy than the other.
/ˈnɔɪziɪst/
superlative of noisy
Superlative form of 'noisy'. Used to say something is the most noisy of all.
/ˈnaɪsər/
comparative of nice
Comparative form of 'nice'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more nice than the other.
/ˈnaɪsɪst/
superlative of nice
Superlative form of 'nice'. Used to say something is the most nice of all.
/ˈleɪtər/
comparative of late
Comparative form of 'late'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more late than the other.
/ˈleɪtɪst/
superlative of late
Superlative form of 'late'. Used to say something is the most late of all.
/ˈɜːrliər/
comparative of early
Comparative form of 'early'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more early than the other.
/ˈɜːrliɪst/
superlative of early
Superlative form of 'early'. Used to say something is the most early of all.
/ˈlɑːrdʒər/
comparative of large
Comparative form of 'large'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more large than the other.
/ˈlɑːrdʒɪst/
superlative of large
Superlative form of 'large'. Used to say something is the most large of all.
/ˈkləʊsər/
comparative of close
Comparative form of 'close'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more close than the other.
/ˈkləʊsɪst/
superlative of close
Superlative form of 'close'. Used to say something is the most close of all.
/ˈfrɛʃər/
comparative of fresh
Comparative form of 'fresh'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more fresh than the other.
/ˈfrɛʃɪst/
superlative of fresh
Superlative form of 'fresh'. Used to say something is the most fresh of all.
/ˈsmɑːrtər/
comparative of smart
Comparative form of 'smart'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more smart than the other.
/ˈsmɑːrtɪst/
superlative of smart
Superlative form of 'smart'. Used to say something is the most smart of all.
/ˈwaɪzər/
comparative of wise
Comparative form of 'wise'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more wise than the other.
/ˈwaɪzɪst/
superlative of wise
Superlative form of 'wise'. Used to say something is the most wise of all.
/ˈkɑːmər/
comparative of calm
Comparative form of 'calm'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more calm than the other.
/ˈkɑːmɪst/
superlative of calm
Superlative form of 'calm'. Used to say something is the most calm of all.
/ˈsɪmplər/
comparative of simple
Comparative form of 'simple'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more simple than the other.
/ˈsɪmplɪst/
superlative of simple
Superlative form of 'simple'. Used to say something is the most simple of all.
/ˈnærəʊər/
comparative of narrow
Comparative form of 'narrow'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more narrow than the other.
/ˈnærəʊɪst/
superlative of narrow
Superlative form of 'narrow'. Used to say something is the most narrow of all.
/ˈʃæləʊər/
comparative of shallow
Comparative form of 'shallow'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more shallow than the other.
/ˈʃæləʊɪst/
superlative of shallow
Superlative form of 'shallow'. Used to say something is the most shallow of all.
/ˈrʌfər/
comparative of rough
Comparative form of 'rough'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more rough than the other.
/ˈrʌfɪst/
superlative of rough
Superlative form of 'rough'. Used to say something is the most rough of all.
/ˈsmuːðər/
comparative of smooth
Comparative form of 'smooth'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more smooth than the other.
/ˈsmuːðɪst/
superlative of smooth
Superlative form of 'smooth'. Used to say something is the most smooth of all.
/ˈfætər/
comparative of fat
Comparative form of 'fat'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more fat than the other.
/ˈfætɪst/
superlative of fat
Superlative form of 'fat'. Used to say something is the most fat of all.
/ˈsædər/
comparative of sad
Comparative form of 'sad'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more sad than the other.
/ˈsædɪst/
superlative of sad
Superlative form of 'sad'. Used to say something is the most sad of all.
/ˈmædər/
comparative of mad
Comparative form of 'mad'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more mad than the other.
/ˈmædɪst/
superlative of mad
Superlative form of 'mad'. Used to say something is the most mad of all.
/ˈflætər/
comparative of flat
Comparative form of 'flat'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more flat than the other.
/ˈflætɪst/
superlative of flat
Superlative form of 'flat'. Used to say something is the most flat of all.
/ˈdʌlər/
comparative of dull
Comparative form of 'dull'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more dull than the other.
/ˈdʌlɪst/
superlative of dull
Superlative form of 'dull'. Used to say something is the most dull of all.
/ˈʃɑːrpər/
comparative of sharp
Comparative form of 'sharp'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more sharp than the other.
/ˈʃɑːrpɪst/
superlative of sharp
Superlative form of 'sharp'. Used to say something is the most sharp of all.
/ˈfaɪnər/
comparative of fine
Comparative form of 'fine'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more fine than the other.
/ˈfaɪnɪst/
superlative of fine
Superlative form of 'fine'. Used to say something is the most fine of all.
/ˈpleɪnər/
comparative of plain
Comparative form of 'plain'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more plain than the other.
/ˈpleɪnɪst/
superlative of plain
Superlative form of 'plain'. Used to say something is the most plain of all.
/ˈbəʊldər/
comparative of bold
Comparative form of 'bold'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more bold than the other.
/ˈbəʊldɪst/
superlative of bold
Superlative form of 'bold'. Used to say something is the most bold of all.
/ˈfɪərsər/
comparative of fierce
Comparative form of 'fierce'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more fierce than the other.
/ˈfɪərsɪst/
superlative of fierce
Superlative form of 'fierce'. Used to say something is the most fierce of all.
/ˈdʒɛntlər/
comparative of gentle
Comparative form of 'gentle'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more gentle than the other.
/ˈdʒɛntlɪst/
superlative of gentle
Superlative form of 'gentle'. Used to say something is the most gentle of all.
/ˈtʌfər/
comparative of tough
Comparative form of 'tough'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more tough than the other.
/ˈtʌfɪst/
superlative of tough
Superlative form of 'tough'. Used to say something is the most tough of all.
/ˈdɪərər/
comparative of dear
Comparative form of 'dear'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more dear than the other.
/ˈdɪərɪst/
superlative of dear
Superlative form of 'dear'. Used to say something is the most dear of all.
/ˈnɪərər/
comparative of near
Comparative form of 'near'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more near than the other.
/ˈnɪərɪst/
superlative of near
Superlative form of 'near'. Used to say something is the most near of all.
/ˈstiːpər/
comparative of steep
Comparative form of 'steep'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more steep than the other.
/ˈstiːpɪst/
superlative of steep
Superlative form of 'steep'. Used to say something is the most steep of all.
/ˈbrɔːdər/
comparative of broad
Comparative form of 'broad'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more broad than the other.
/ˈbrɔːdɪst/
superlative of broad
Superlative form of 'broad'. Used to say something is the most broad of all.
/ˈtaɪtər/
comparative of tight
Comparative form of 'tight'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more tight than the other.
/ˈtaɪtɪst/
superlative of tight
Superlative form of 'tight'. Used to say something is the most tight of all.
/ˈluːsər/
comparative of loose
Comparative form of 'loose'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more loose than the other.
/ˈluːsɪst/
superlative of loose
Superlative form of 'loose'. Used to say something is the most loose of all.
/ˈstreɪndʒər/
comparative of strange
Comparative form of the adjective 'strange'. Used to say something is more unusual than another.
/ˈstreɪndʒɪst/
superlative of strange
Superlative form of 'strange'. Used to say something is the most unusual of all.
/ˈreərər/
comparative of rare
Comparative form of 'rare'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more rare than the other.
/ˈreərɪst/
superlative of rare
Superlative form of 'rare'. Used to say something is the most rare of all.
/ˈraɪpər/
comparative of ripe
Comparative form of 'ripe'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more ripe than the other.
/ˈraɪpɪst/
superlative of ripe
Superlative form of 'ripe'. Used to say something is the most ripe of all.
/ˈkreɪziər/
comparative of crazy
Comparative form of 'crazy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more crazy than the other.
/ˈkreɪziɪst/
superlative of crazy
Superlative form of 'crazy'. Used to say something is the most crazy of all.
/ˈskeəriər/
comparative of scary
Comparative form of 'scary'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more scary than the other.
/ˈskeəriɪst/
superlative of scary
Superlative form of 'scary'. Used to say something is the most scary of all.
/ˈteɪstiər/
comparative of tasty
Comparative form of 'tasty'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more tasty than the other.
/ˈteɪstiɪst/
superlative of tasty
Superlative form of 'tasty'. Used to say something is the most tasty of all.
/ˈsliːpiər/
comparative of sleepy
Comparative form of 'sleepy'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more sleepy than the other.
/ˈsliːpiɪst/
superlative of sleepy
Superlative form of 'sleepy'. Used to say something is the most sleepy of all.
/ˈfrɛndliər/
comparative of friendly
Comparative form of 'friendly'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more friendly than the other.
/ˈfrɛndliɪst/
superlative of friendly
Superlative form of 'friendly'. Used to say something is the most friendly of all.
/ˈkuːlər/
comparative of cool
Comparative form of 'cool'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more cool than the other.
/ˈkuːlɪst/
superlative of cool
Superlative form of 'cool'. Used to say something is the most cool of all.
/ˈfeərər/
comparative of fair
Comparative form of 'fair'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more fair than the other.
/ˈfeərɪst/
superlative of fair
Superlative form of 'fair'. Used to say something is the most fair of all.
/ˈdɪmər/
comparative of dim
Comparative form of 'dim'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more dim than the other.
/ˈdɪmɪst/
superlative of dim
Superlative form of 'dim'. Used to say something is the most dim of all.
/ˈɡrændər/
comparative of grand
Comparative form of 'grand'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more grand than the other.
/ˈɡrændɪst/
superlative of grand
Superlative form of 'grand'. Used to say something is the most grand of all.
/ˈhʌmblər/
comparative of humble
Comparative form of 'humble'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more humble than the other.
/ˈhʌmblɪst/
superlative of humble
Superlative form of 'humble'. Used to say something is the most humble of all.
/pəˈlaɪtər/
comparative of polite
Comparative form of 'polite'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more polite than the other.
/pəˈlaɪtɪst/
superlative of polite
Superlative form of 'polite'. Used to say something is the most polite of all.
/ˈkjuːtər/
comparative of cute
Comparative form of 'cute'. Used to compare two things, saying one is more cute than the other.
/ˈkjuːtɪst/
superlative of cute
Superlative form of 'cute'. Used to say something is the most cute of all.
/ˈfɜːrðər/
comparative of far
Irregular comparative form of 'far'. Used for greater distance or extent.
/ˈfɜːrðɪst/
superlative of far
Irregular superlative form of 'far'. Used for the greatest distance or extent of all.
/ˈfɑːrðər/
comparative of far (distance)
Irregular comparative form of 'far', used mainly for physical distance.
/ˈfɑːrðɪst/
superlative of far (distance)
Irregular superlative form of 'far', used mainly for the greatest physical distance.
/lɛs/
comparative of little
Irregular comparative of 'little'. Used to mean a smaller amount of something.
/liːst/
superlative of little
Irregular superlative of 'little'. Used to mean the smallest amount of all.
/mɔːr/
comparative of many/much
Irregular comparative of 'many' and 'much'. Used to mean a greater amount or number.
/məʊst/
superlative of many/much
Irregular superlative of 'many' and 'much'. Used to mean the greatest amount or number.
/mɔːr ˈbjuːtɪfʊl/
comparative of beautiful
Comparative form of 'beautiful', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈbjuːtɪfʊl/
superlative of beautiful
Superlative form of 'beautiful', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ɪmˈpɔːrtənt/
comparative of important
Comparative form of 'important', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ɪmˈpɔːrtənt/
superlative of important
Superlative form of 'important', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
comparative of expensive
Comparative form of 'expensive', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
superlative of expensive
Superlative form of 'expensive', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈdɪfɪkəlt/
comparative of difficult
Comparative form of 'difficult', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈdɪfɪkəlt/
superlative of difficult
Superlative form of 'difficult', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ/
comparative of interesting
Comparative form of 'interesting', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ/
superlative of interesting
Superlative form of 'interesting', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈpɒpjʊlər/
comparative of popular
Comparative form of 'popular', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈpɒpjʊlər/
superlative of popular
Superlative form of 'popular', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈkʌmftəbl/
comparative of comfortable
Comparative form of 'comfortable', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈkʌmftəbl/
superlative of comfortable
Superlative form of 'comfortable', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
comparative of dangerous
Comparative form of 'dangerous', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
superlative of dangerous
Superlative form of 'dangerous', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈkeərfʊl/
comparative of careful
Comparative form of 'careful', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈkeərfʊl/
superlative of careful
Superlative form of 'careful', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈjuːsfʊl/
comparative of useful
Comparative form of 'useful', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈjuːsfʊl/
superlative of useful
Superlative form of 'useful', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈfeɪməs/
comparative of famous
Comparative form of 'famous', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈfeɪməs/
superlative of famous
Superlative form of 'famous', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈmɒdərn/
comparative of modern
Comparative form of 'modern', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈmɒdərn/
superlative of modern
Superlative form of 'modern', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒənt/
comparative of intelligent
Comparative form of 'intelligent', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒənt/
superlative of intelligent
Superlative form of 'intelligent', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr pəˈlaɪt/
comparative of polite
Comparative form of 'polite', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst pəˈlaɪt/
superlative of polite
Superlative form of 'polite', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈɒnɪst/
comparative of honest
Comparative form of 'honest', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈɒnɪst/
superlative of honest
Superlative form of 'honest', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈdʒɛnərəs/
comparative of generous
Comparative form of 'generous', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈdʒɛnərəs/
superlative of generous
Superlative form of 'generous', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr dɪˈlɪʃəs/
comparative of delicious
Comparative form of 'delicious', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst dɪˈlɪʃəs/
superlative of delicious
Superlative form of 'delicious', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈpaʊərfʊl/
comparative of powerful
Comparative form of 'powerful', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈpaʊərfʊl/
superlative of powerful
Superlative form of 'powerful', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈpiːsfʊl/
comparative of peaceful
Comparative form of 'peaceful', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈpiːsfʊl/
superlative of peaceful
Superlative form of 'peaceful', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈhɛlpfʊl/
comparative of helpful
Comparative form of 'helpful', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈhɛlpfʊl/
superlative of helpful
Superlative form of 'helpful', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈbɔːrɪŋ/
comparative of boring
Comparative form of 'boring', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈbɔːrɪŋ/
superlative of boring
Superlative form of 'boring', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈtaɪərd/
comparative of tired
Comparative form of 'tired', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈtaɪərd/
superlative of tired
Superlative form of 'tired', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈnɜːrvəs/
comparative of nervous
Comparative form of 'nervous', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈnɜːrvəs/
superlative of nervous
Superlative form of 'nervous', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈsɪəriəs/
comparative of serious
Comparative form of 'serious', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈsɪəriəs/
superlative of serious
Superlative form of 'serious', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/mɔːr ˈkɒmən/
comparative of common
Comparative form of 'common', made with 'more' because the adjective has several syllables.
/məʊst ˈkɒmən/
superlative of common
Superlative form of 'common', made with 'most' because the adjective has several syllables.
/ˈkwɪkli/
in a fast way
Quickly means doing something at a fast speed or in a short time.
/ˈsloʊli/
in a slow way
Slowly means doing something at a low speed or taking a long time.
/ˈkɛrfəli/
with care and attention
Carefully means doing something with great attention to avoid mistakes or damage.
/ˈiːzɪli/
without difficulty
Easily means doing something without trouble or effort.
/ˈsʌdənli/
quickly and unexpectedly
Suddenly means that something happens quickly and without warning.
/ˈfaɪnəli/
at last; after a long time
Finally means that something happens after a long wait or as the last point.
/ˈriːəli/
truly; very
Really means truly or to a great degree. It adds emphasis to what you say.
/ˈæktʃuəli/
in fact; really
Actually means in fact or in reality, often to correct or clarify something.
/ˈjuːʒuəli/
most of the time
Usually means that something happens most of the time or as a habit.
/ˈprɒbəbli/
most likely
Probably means that something is likely to be true or to happen.
/kəmˈpliːtli/
totally; fully
Completely means in every way or to the fullest degree.
/ˈsɪmpli/
in an easy or plain way
Simply means in a plain, easy way, or just only.
/ˈklɪrli/
in a clear way; obviously
Clearly means in a way that is easy to see, hear, or understand.
/ˈhɑːrdli/
almost not at all
Hardly means almost not or only just. It shows a very small amount.
/ˈnɪrli/
almost
Nearly means almost but not completely or not quite.
/ˈmoʊstli/
mainly; usually
Mostly means in most cases or for the largest part.
/ˈriːsəntli/
a short time ago
Recently means not long ago or in the near past.
/ˈkɜːrəntli/
at the present time; now
Currently means at this moment or during the present period.
/ɪˈvɛntʃuəli/
in the end; after some time
Eventually means at last, after a long time or many steps.
/ɪˈmiːdiətli/
right now; at once
Immediately means without any delay or straight away.
/ˈdʒɛntli/
in a soft, kind way
Gently means in a soft, careful, and kind manner.
/ˈlaʊdli/
with a lot of noise
Loudly means in a way that makes a lot of noise or sound.
/ˈkwaɪətli/
with little or no noise
Quietly means in a way that makes little or no sound.
/ˈbædli/
in a poor way; very much
Badly means in a poor or unpleasant way, or it can mean very much.
/ˈhæpɪli/
in a happy way
Happily means in a way that shows joy or pleasure.
/ˈsædli/
in a sad way; unfortunately
Sadly means in a way that shows sorrow, or it can mean unfortunately.
/ˈæŋɡrɪli/
in an angry way
Angrily means in a way that shows anger.
/ˈbjuːtɪfli/
in a beautiful way
Beautifully means in a way that is lovely or very well done.
/ˈɔːlweɪz/
every time; all the time
Always means at all times or every single time.
/ˈnɛvər/
not at any time
Never means at no time or not ever.
/ˈɒfən/
many times; frequently
Often means many times or on many occasions.
/ˈsʌmtaɪmz/
now and then; occasionally
Sometimes means on some occasions but not always.
/ˈrɛərli/
not often; almost never
Rarely means not very often or only a few times.
/hɪr/
in this place
Here means in, at, or to this place.
/ðɛr/
in that place
There means in, at, or to that place, away from the speaker.
/ˈɛvriwɛr/
in all places
Everywhere means in or to every place.
/ˈnoʊwɛr/
in no place
Nowhere means in, at, or to no place.
/ˈsʌmwɛr/
in some place
Somewhere means in, at, or to a place that is not named or known.
/naʊ/
at this moment
Now means at the present time or this very moment.
/ðɛn/
at that time; next
Then means at that time in the past or future, or next in order.
/suːn/
in a short time
Soon means in a short time from now or shortly.
/ɔːlˈrɛdi/
before now; by this time
Already means before now or sooner than expected.
/jɛt/
up to now; still
Yet means up to the present time. It is often used in questions and negatives.
/stɪl/
continuing up to now
Still means that something continues to happen or be true up to now.
/əˈɡɛn/
one more time
Again means once more or another time.
/tuː/
also; more than needed
Too means also, or more than is wanted or needed.
/ˈvɛri/
to a high degree
Very means to a great degree or extremely.
/kwaɪt/
fairly; completely
Quite means to a fair degree, or in some uses, completely.
/ˈɔːlmoʊst/
nearly; not quite
Almost means very nearly but not completely.
/ɪˈnʌf/
as much as needed
Enough means to the amount or degree that is needed.
/təˈɡɛðər/
with each other
Together means with one another or in a group.
/əˈloʊn/
by oneself
Alone means without other people or with nobody else.
/əˈweɪ/
to or at a distance
Away means to or at a place far from here, or in another direction.
/bæk/
to a former place or state
Back means returning to an earlier place, position, or condition.
/ˈfɔːrwərd/
toward the front; ahead
Forward means in the direction that is in front of you.
/aʊtˈsaɪd/
not inside; in the open air
Outside means not inside a building or in the open air.
/ɪnˈsaɪd/
within; indoors
Inside means within a building or object, or indoors.
/ʌpˈstɛrz/
on or to a higher floor
Upstairs means on or to a higher floor of a building.
/daʊnˈstɛrz/
on or to a lower floor
Downstairs means on or to a lower floor of a building.
/əˈbrɔːd/
in or to a foreign country
Abroad means in or to a country that is not your own.
/ˈseɪfli/
without harm or danger
Safely means in a way that is free from danger or harm.
/pəˈlaɪtli/
in a polite way
Politely means in a kind and respectful way.
/kəˈrɛktli/
in the right way
Correctly means without any mistakes or in the right way.
/ˈpɜːrfɪktli/
in a perfect way; completely
Perfectly means in a way that has no faults, or completely.
/ˈnɜːrvəsli/
in a worried, anxious way
Nervously means in a way that shows worry or fear.
/ˈbreɪvli/
in a brave way
Bravely means in a way that shows courage and no fear.
/ˈɒnɪstli/
in a truthful way
Honestly means in a way that is truthful and sincere.
/ˈlʌkɪli/
by good luck; fortunately
Luckily means in a fortunate way or by good fortune.
/ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/
by good luck; happily
Fortunately means it is lucky or good that something happened.
/ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli/
sadly; by bad luck
Unfortunately means it is unlucky or sad that something happened.
/ɪˈspɛʃəli/
more than usual; particularly
Especially means more than in other cases or above all.
/ˈmeɪnli/
mostly; for the most part
Mainly means for the most part or chiefly.
/ˈdʒɛnərəli/
usually; in most cases
Generally means in most cases or as a rule.
/ˈnɔːrməli/
usually; in the normal way
Normally means in the usual way or most of the time.
/ˈtruːli/
really; in a true way
Truly means in a true and sincere way, or really.
/ˈhaɪli/
very; to a high degree
Highly means very much or to a great degree.
/ˈslaɪtli/
a little; a small amount
Slightly means to a small degree or just a little.
/dɪˈrɛktli/
in a straight line; at once
Directly means in a straight way, or without anything in between.
/ˈfɜːrstli/
as the first point
Firstly means in the first place or as the first thing.
/ˈleɪtli/
recently; in the near past
Lately means in the recent past or not long ago.
/ˈɜːrli/
before the usual time
Early means before the expected or usual time.
/leɪt/
after the usual time
Late means after the expected or usual time.
/əˈɡoʊ/
in the past, before now
Ago means a certain amount of time before now.
/wʌns/
one time
Once means one single time, or in the past at some point.
/twaɪs/
two times
Twice means two times.
/ʌp/
toward a higher place
Up means toward a higher place or position.
/daʊn/
toward a lower place
Down means toward a lower place or position.
/əˈraʊnd/
on every side; nearby
Around means on all sides or in the area near a place.
/əˈhɛd/
in front; in advance
Ahead means in front of you or in the future.
/ˌnɪrˈbaɪ/
close; a short distance away
Nearby means a short distance away or close to here.
/fɑːr/
at a great distance
Far means at or to a great distance away.
/ˈɛniwɛr/
in or to any place
Anywhere means in, at, or to any place at all.
/hoʊm/
to or at one's house
As an adverb, home means to or at the place where you live.
/ɪnˈdɔːrz/
inside a building
Indoors means inside a building, not in the open air.
/aʊtˈdɔːrz/
outside in the open air
Outdoors means outside, in the open air.
/fərˈɛvər/
for all time; always
Forever means for all future time, without ending.
/təˈnaɪt/
on this night
Tonight means on the night of today.
/ˈdeɪli/
every day
Daily means happening once each day or every day.
/ˈwiːkli/
every week
Weekly means happening once each week or every week.
/ˈjɪrli/
every year
Yearly means happening once each year or every year.
/ˈaʊərli/
every hour
Hourly means happening once each hour or every hour.
/ˈmʌnθli/
every month
Monthly means happening once each month or every month.
/ˈkɑːmli/
in a calm way
Calmly means in a quiet, relaxed way without worry.
/ˈwɔːrmli/
in a warm, friendly way
Warmly means in a kind and friendly way, or so as to keep warm.
/ˈpraʊdli/
in a proud way
Proudly means in a way that shows pride or satisfaction.
/ˈkaɪndli/
in a kind way
Kindly means in a kind and caring way.
/ˈsɒftli/
in a soft, quiet way
Softly means in a quiet, gentle way.
/hɑːrd/
with a lot of effort
As an adverb, hard means with great effort or force.
/fæst/
at a high speed
As an adverb, fast means quickly or at a high speed.
/wɛl/
in a good way
As an adverb, well means in a good or satisfactory way.
/ˈluːsli/
in a loose way; not tightly
Loosely means in a way that is not tight or not exact.
/ˈtaɪtli/
in a firm, close way
Tightly means in a firm way that is hard to move or undo.
/ˈdiːpli/
to a great depth or degree
Deeply means far down, or very strongly.
/ˈwaɪdli/
over a large area; by many
Widely means over a large area or among many people.
/ˈkloʊsli/
in a near or careful way
Closely means very near, or with great care and attention.
/ˈfriːli/
in a free way; openly
Freely means without limits or in an open way.
/ˈiːkwəli/
in the same amount or way
Equally means in an equal way or to the same degree.
/ˈpɑːrtli/
in part; not completely
Partly means to some extent but not completely.
/ˈʃʊrli/
certainly; without doubt
Surely means without any doubt, or used to show you expect agreement.
/ˈɒbviəsli/
clearly; as anyone can see
Obviously means in a way that is clear and easy to see or understand.
/ˈlɑːstli/
as the last point
Lastly means at the end, as the final point in a list.
/ˈsɛkəndli/
as the second point
Secondly means in the second place, used to give a second point.
/ˈʌðərwaɪz/
if not; in another way
Otherwise means in a different way, or what would happen if something were not done.
/ˈsʌmhaʊ/
in some way; for some reason
Somehow means in a way that is not known or explained.
/bɪˈsaɪdz/
in addition; also
Besides means in addition to what has been said, or anyway.
/ˈbækwərd/
toward the back
Backward means in the direction behind you, toward the back.
/əˈpɑːrt/
separated; not together
Apart means separated by a distance or into pieces.
/əˈsaɪd/
to one side
Aside means to or on one side, away from the main place.
/ˈɛlswɛr/
in or to another place
Elsewhere means in, at, or to some other place.
/ˈæftərwərd/
later; after that
Afterward means at a later time or after an event.
/ʃʌt/
to close something
To shut means to move something so that it is closed.
/taɪ/
to fasten with string or rope
To tie means to fasten something using string, rope, or laces.
/prɛs/
to push down on something
To press means to push firmly on something, often a button.
/bɛnd/
to make or become curved
To bend means to make something curved or to lean your body over.
/skwiːz/
to press from the sides
To squeeze means to press something firmly from two sides.
/ɡræb/
to take hold of suddenly
To grab means to take hold of something quickly and firmly.
/waɪp/
to clean by rubbing
To wipe means to clean or dry something by rubbing it with a cloth or hand.
/foʊld/
to bend one part over another
To fold means to bend something so one part lies over another.
/fɪks/
to repair; to make right
To fix means to repair something that is broken or to set it right.
/pɔːr/
to make liquid flow out
To pour means to make a liquid flow out of a container in a steady stream.
/ˈbroʊkən/
not working; in pieces
Broken means damaged, in pieces, or not working.
/ˈdɜːrti/
not clean
Dirty means covered with dirt or not clean.
/wɛt/
covered with water
Wet means covered or soaked with water or another liquid.
/draɪ/
not wet
Dry means having no water or moisture in or on it.
/ˈstɪki/
able to stick to things
Sticky means covered with something that holds on to whatever it touches.
/ʃɑːrp/
having a fine edge or point
Sharp means having an edge or point that can cut easily.
/flæt/
smooth and level
Flat means having a smooth, level surface with no bumps.
/ˈθɜːrsti/
needing to drink
Thirsty means feeling that you need or want to drink.
/ˈhʌŋɡri/
needing to eat
Hungry means feeling that you want or need to eat.
/ˈsliːpi/
wanting to sleep
Sleepy means feeling tired and ready to sleep.
/əˈweɪk/
not sleeping
Awake means not sleeping and able to see and hear.
/əˈsliːp/
sleeping
Asleep means in a state of sleep.
/ˈrɛdi/
prepared for something
Ready means prepared and able to do something now.
/kəˈrɛkt/
right; without mistakes
Correct means right and free from mistakes.
/rɒŋ/
not right; incorrect
Wrong means not correct or not the right way.
/seɪm/
not different; alike
Same means exactly alike or not different.
/ˈdɪfərənt/
not the same
Different means not the same as another thing.
/ˈkʌmftəbəl/
pleasant to use; relaxed
Comfortable means making you feel relaxed and at ease, or pleasant to use.
/ˈjuːsfəl/
helpful; able to be used
Useful means helpful for doing or getting something.
/ˈfrɛndli/
kind and pleasant
Friendly means kind, pleasant, and easy to talk to.
/dʒʌmp/
to push yourself off the ground
To jump means to push your body up and off the ground.
/tɒs/
to throw lightly
To toss means to throw something lightly or carelessly.
/klaɪm/
to go up using hands and feet
To climb means to move up something, often using your hands and feet.
/lɑːf/
to make sounds of joy
To laugh means to make sounds and movements that show you are happy or find something funny.
/smaɪl/
to turn the mouth up in joy
To smile means to turn the corners of your mouth up to show you are happy or friendly.
/kraɪ/
to shed tears
To cry means to let tears fall from your eyes, often when sad or hurt.
/ʃaʊt/
to say something very loudly
To shout means to say something in a very loud voice.
/ˈwɪspər/
to speak very softly
To whisper means to speak very quietly so others cannot hear.
/pɪk/
to choose; to take up
To pick means to choose something, or to take it up with your fingers.
/ʃeɪk/
to move quickly side to side
To shake means to move something quickly up and down or side to side.
/klæp/
to hit your hands together
To clap means to hit your hands together, often to show you like something.
/kaʊnt/
to say numbers in order
To count means to say numbers in order or to find how many there are.
/pɔɪnt/
to show with a finger
To point means to show where something is by holding out your finger toward it.
/nɒd/
to move the head down to say yes
To nod means to move your head down and up, often to say yes or to greet.
/kɪk/
to hit with your foot
To kick means to hit something with your foot.
/slɪp/
to slide and lose balance
To slip means to slide by accident and lose your balance.
/hæŋ/
to fix at the top so it drops down
To hang means to fix something at the top so the rest drops down freely.
/rɪŋ/
to make a bell sound
To ring means to make a clear sound like a bell, or to call by phone.
/nɒk/
to hit a door to be let in
To knock means to hit a door with your hand to ask to come in.
/hʌɡ/
to hold in your arms
To hug means to hold someone closely in your arms to show love or care.
/ˌmɪdˈdeɪ/
the middle of the day
Midday is the middle of the day, around twelve o'clock.
/ˈdeɪtaɪm/
the time when it is light
Daytime is the part of the day when there is light from the sun.
/lɛft/
the side opposite right
Left is the side of your body that is to the west when you face north.
/raɪt/
the side opposite left
Right is the side of your body that is to the east when you face north.
/tɒp/
the highest part
The top is the highest part or surface of something.
/ˈbɒtəm/
the lowest part
The bottom is the lowest part or surface of something.
/ˈmɪdəl/
the centre part
The middle is the part that is the same distance from each side or end.
/ˈkɔːrnər/
where two sides meet
A corner is the place where two sides or streets meet.
/ɛdʒ/
the outer line or border
An edge is the outer line or border of something, where it ends.
/saɪd/
a surface or part that is not the top or bottom
A side is one of the flat outer surfaces of an object, or a part on the left or right.
/ˈɛvri/
each one of a group
Every means each one of a group, with none left out.
/iːtʃ/
every one separately
Each means every single one of two or more, thought of separately.
/boʊθ/
the two together
Both means the two people or things together.
/fjuː/
a small number
Few means a small number of things or people.
/ˈmɛni/
a large number
Many means a large number of things or people.
/mʌtʃ/
a large amount
Much means a large amount of something you cannot count.
/sʌm/
an amount that is not stated
Some means an amount or number that is not exact or named.
/ˈɛni/
one or some of a kind
Any means one, some, or all of a thing, often used in questions and negatives.
/ɔːl/
the whole amount or number
All means the whole number or amount, with nothing left out.
/nʌn/
not any; not one
None means not any or not one of a group.
/ˈnʌθɪŋ/
not anything
Nothing means not a single thing or no thing at all.
/ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
a thing that is not named
Something means a thing that is not known or named.
/ˈɛniθɪŋ/
a thing of any kind
Anything means a thing of any kind, often used in questions and negatives.
/ˈɛvriθɪŋ/
all things
Everything means all the things there are.
/ˈɛvriwʌn/
all people
Everyone means every person or all the people.
/ˈsʌmwʌn/
a person who is not named
Someone means a person who is not known or named.
/ˈɛniwʌn/
any person
Anyone means any person at all, often used in questions and negatives.
/ˈnoʊbɒdi/
no person
Nobody means no person or not anyone.
/ˈeɪbəl/
having the power or skill
Able means having the power, skill, or chance to do something.
/ʃʊr/
certain; without doubt
Sure means certain about something, with no doubt.
/skɛrd/
feeling fear
Scared means feeling fear or being afraid of something.
/ɡlæd/
happy and pleased
Glad means happy and pleased about something.
/ˈfʌni/
making you laugh
Funny means amusing and able to make you laugh or smile.
/naɪs/
pleasant and good
Nice means pleasant, kind, or enjoyable.
/ˈʃaɪni/
bright and reflecting light
Shiny means having a bright surface that reflects light.
/ˈkʌlərfəl/
having many bright colours
Colourful means having many bright colours.
/ˈteɪsti/
having a good taste
Tasty means having a pleasant taste; good to eat.
/ˈkrʌntʃi/
hard and making a sound when eaten
Crunchy means firm and hard, making a sharp sound when you bite it.
/ˈkraʊdɪd/
full of people
Crowded means full of many people in a small space.
/raʊnd/
shaped like a circle or ball
Round means shaped like a circle or a ball.
/skwɛr/
having four equal sides
Square means having the shape of a square, with four equal straight sides.
/luːs/
not tight; not fixed firmly
Loose means not tight, not fixed firmly, or able to move freely.
/ˈlɛs.ən/
a period of teaching
A lesson is a fixed period of time in which a teacher instructs students on a particular subject. It can also mean something learned from experience.
/ˈlɛk.tʃər/
a formal educational talk
A lecture is a formal talk given to a class or audience to teach them about a subject. It is common at universities and colleges.
/əˈsaɪn.mənt/
a task given to students
An assignment is a piece of work that a teacher gives students to complete, usually at home or over a set period. It is used to practise and assess learning.
/ˈsɪl.ə.bəs/
an outline of a course
A syllabus is a document that lists the topics, materials, and requirements of a course. Students use it to know what they will study.
/sɪˈmɛs.tər/
half of an academic year
A semester is one of two periods into which a school or university year is divided. Each semester usually lasts a few months.
/rɪˈvɪʒ.ən/
studying again before exams
Revision is the act of studying work again to prepare for a test or exam. It also means the process of changing and improving written work.
/ɪɡˈzæm/
a formal test
An exam is a formal test of knowledge or ability, usually taken at the end of a course. Results often decide a student's grade.
/kwɪz/
a short test
A quiz is a short, informal test with a small number of questions. Teachers use quizzes to check understanding quickly.
/ɡreɪd/
a mark for school work
A grade is a mark or score that shows the quality of a student's work or performance. It can be a letter or a number.
/mɑːrks/
points scored in an exam
Marks are the points awarded for answers in a test or exam. The total marks decide a student's result.
/skɔːr/
total points earned
A score is the number of points a person earns in a test, game, or competition. A higher score usually means a better result.
/rɪˈzʌlt/
the outcome of an exam
A result is the outcome shown after an exam, test, or experiment. Students wait for their results to learn how they performed.
/sərˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
an official document of achievement
A certificate is an official paper that proves a person has completed a course or passed an exam. It is often used to show qualifications.
/dɪˈploʊ.mə/
a certificate of qualification
A diploma is a document awarded by a school or college to show a person has completed a course of study. It often counts as a formal qualification.
/ˈskɒl.ər.ʃɪp/
financial award to study
A scholarship is money given to a student to help pay for their education, usually because of good grades or talent. It rewards and supports learning.
/tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/
teaching or its cost
Tuition means teaching given to students, often in small groups or privately. It can also mean the money paid for education.
/ˈsʌm.ə.raɪz/
to give a short account
To summarize is to state the main points of something in a short and clear way. Students summarize texts to show understanding.
/dɪˈfaɪn/
to state the meaning
To define is to explain the exact meaning of a word or idea. Exam questions often ask students to define key terms.
/ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/
to show a connection
To correlate is to show that two things are connected so that they change together. Scientists test whether two factors correlate.
/ˈkɒn.trɑːst/
to show differences
To contrast is to show how two or more things are different from each other. It is often paired with 'compare' in exam questions.
/kənˈkluːd/
to reach a final decision
To conclude is to decide something after thinking about the facts, or to bring a piece of work to an end. It is the final step in an argument.
/ɪnˈtɜː.prɪt/
to explain the meaning
To interpret is to explain or decide what something means. Students interpret data, texts, and results.
/ˈkæl.kjə.leɪt/
to work out with numbers
To calculate is to find an answer by using numbers and mathematics. It is a basic skill in maths and science.
/ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/
the process of using numbers
A calculation is the process or result of working something out with numbers. Showing your calculations earns marks in maths exams.
/ˈkɒn.sɛpt/
an abstract idea
A concept is a general idea or principle about something. Students must understand key concepts to do well in a subject.
/ˈmɛθ.əd/
a way of doing something
A method is an organised way of doing or studying something. In science, the method describes the steps of an experiment.
/ˈprəʊ.sɛs/
a series of steps
A process is a set of steps or actions taken to reach a result. Students often describe natural or scientific processes.
/ˈstrʌk.tʃər/
the way parts are arranged
A structure is the way the parts of something are put together or organised. Students study the structure of cells, texts, and arguments.
/ˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
the purpose of something
A function is the special purpose or job that something does. In biology, each organ has a function.
/ˈfæk.tər/
a contributing cause
A factor is one of the things that influence or cause a result. Identifying factors is important in science and social studies.
/ˈprɪn.sɪ.pəl/
a basic rule or truth
A principle is a basic rule, law, or truth that explains how something works. Scientific principles guide experiments and reasoning.
/sɔːs/
where information comes from
A source is a person, book, or place that provides information. Students must use reliable sources in their research.
/saɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
a reference to a source
A citation is a note that shows where information or a quotation came from. Citations help readers find the original source.
/ˈpær.ə.ɡrɑːf/
a section of writing
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. Good essays are organised into clear paragraphs.
/ˈɑːɡ.jə.mənt/
a reasoned case
An argument is a set of reasons given to support an idea or opinion. A strong essay presents a clear argument.
/drɑːft/
an early version of writing
A draft is an early version of a piece of writing that can still be changed. Students write a draft before the final copy.
/ˈaʊt.laɪn/
a plan of main points
An outline is a short plan that lists the main points of a piece of work. As a verb, to outline means to give the main points without details.
/ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/
to give good reasons
To justify is to give reasons that show why something is right or true. Exam questions ask students to justify their answers.
/dɪˈskʌs/
to consider in detail
To discuss is to write or talk about something in detail, considering different points of view. It is a common exam instruction.
/ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/
to look at closely
To examine is to look at or study something carefully in order to learn about it. In exams, it means to investigate a topic in detail.
/ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/
to arrange into groups
To classify is to arrange things into groups based on shared features. Scientists classify animals and plants.
/əbˈzɜːv/
to watch carefully
To observe is to watch something carefully in order to notice details or gather information. Observation is a key part of science.
/ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃən/
something noticed by watching
An observation is a fact or detail that someone notices by watching carefully. Scientists record their observations during experiments.
/ˈspɛs.ɪ.faɪ/
to state exactly
To specify is to state something exactly and in detail. Exam questions may ask students to specify the conditions of an experiment.
/ˈæn.ə.laɪzd/
examined in detail (past)
Analyzed is the past tense of 'analyze', meaning examined something closely to understand its parts. It is used in reports of completed study.
/ˈæn.ə.laɪ.zɪŋ/
examining in detail (present)
Analyzing is the present participle of 'analyze', meaning the act of examining something closely. It describes the ongoing process of breaking down information.
/dɪˈskraɪbd/
gave details about (past)
Described is the past tense of 'describe', meaning gave a clear account of what something is like. It is used when reporting completed descriptions.
/ˈsʌm.ər.i/
a short account
A summary is a short statement that gives only the main points of something longer. Students write summaries to show they understand a text.
/ˈθiː.sɪs/
a main argument or long essay
A thesis is the central idea that a piece of writing tries to prove. It can also mean a long research paper written for a degree.
/ˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/
a factor that can change
A variable is something in an experiment that can change or be changed. Scientists control variables to get fair results.
/ˈdeɪ.tə.sɛt/
an organised collection of data
A dataset is a collection of related facts and figures gathered together for study. Students analyse a dataset to find patterns.
/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡræm/
a labelled drawing
A diagram is a simple drawing that explains how something works or what its parts are. Students draw and label diagrams in science.
/ˈfɔː.mjə.lə/
a rule written in symbols
A formula is a rule or fact written using letters, numbers, or symbols. Students use formulas in maths, chemistry, and physics.
/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/
a maths statement of equality
An equation is a maths statement showing that two amounts are equal, using an equals sign. Students solve equations to find unknown values.
/ɡrɑːf/
a visual display of data
A graph is a diagram that shows the relationship between numbers or amounts using lines, bars, or points. Graphs help students see patterns in data.
/nəʊts/
brief written records
Notes are short pieces of writing made to help remember important points. Students take notes during lessons and lectures.
/ˈtɛkst.bʊk/
a book used for study
A textbook is a book that teaches a subject and is used by students in school. It contains explanations, examples, and exercises.
/ˈtʃæp.tər/
a main section of a book
A chapter is one of the main parts into which a book is divided. Students often study one chapter at a time.
/ˈtɒp.ɪk/
a subject of study
A topic is a particular subject that is studied, written about, or discussed. Each lesson usually covers one topic.
/ˈsʌb.dʒɛkt/
an area of study
A subject is an area of knowledge studied in school, such as maths or history. Each subject has its own lessons and teachers.
/vəˈkæb.jə.lər.i/
the words of a language
Vocabulary is the set of words a person knows or that belongs to a language. Building vocabulary helps students read and write better.
/ˈɡræm.ər/
the rules of a language
Grammar is the set of rules that explains how words are used to form sentences. Good grammar makes writing clear and correct.
/ˈspɛl.ɪŋ/
the correct order of letters
Spelling is the way letters are put together to form words correctly. Students practise spelling to improve their writing.
/prəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
the way a word is spoken
Pronunciation is the way in which a word is spoken. Good pronunciation helps people understand a speaker clearly.
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən/
understanding of text
Comprehension is the ability to understand what you read or hear. Comprehension exercises test how well students grasp a text.
/dɪkˈteɪ.ʃən/
writing down spoken words
Dictation is an exercise where a teacher reads aloud and students write down exactly what they hear. It tests spelling and listening.
/ˈrɛdʒ.ɪ.stər/
a record of attendance
A register is an official list used to record who is present in a class. Teachers call the register at the start of the day.
/əˈtɛn.dəns/
being present at school
Attendance is the act of being present at school or a class. Good attendance helps students keep up with their work.
/ˈtaɪmˌteɪ.bəl/
a schedule of lessons
A timetable is a chart that shows when each lesson or activity happens. Students follow their timetable each day.
/ˈklɑːs.ruːm/
a room for lessons
A classroom is a room in a school where lessons are taught. It usually has desks, a board, and seating for students.
/ˈklɑːs.meɪt/
a fellow student in a class
A classmate is a person who is in the same class as you at school. Classmates often study and work together.
/ˈprɪn.sɪ.pəl/
the head of a school
A principal is the person in charge of a school. The principal manages teachers, students, and school rules.
/əˈsɛm.bli/
a gathering of students
An assembly is a meeting of the whole school, usually at the start of the day. Announcements and talks are given at assembly.
/tɜːm/
a division of the school year
A term is one of the periods into which a school year is divided. Many schools have three terms in a year.
/ɪnˈrəʊl/
to join a course
To enrol is to officially join a school, course, or class. Students must enrol before they can start studying.
/ədˈmɪʃ.ən/
acceptance into a school
Admission is the process of being accepted into a school, college, or course. Many institutions have admission tests.
/ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
a proof of skill or study
A qualification is an official record, such as a degree or certificate, that shows a person has the skills or knowledge needed. Employers ask for qualifications.
/dɪˈɡriː/
a university qualification
A degree is a qualification given by a university after a student completes a course of study. A bachelor's degree usually takes three or four years.
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.eɪt/
to complete a degree
To graduate is to successfully finish a course of study and receive a qualification. As a noun, a graduate is a person who has done so.
/ˌʌn.dəˈɡrædʒ.u.ət/
a student doing a first degree
An undergraduate is a university student who is studying for their first degree. They have not yet graduated.
/ˈkæm.pəs/
university grounds
A campus is the land and buildings of a university or college. It usually includes classrooms, libraries, and student housing.
/ˈfæk.əl.ti/
a department of study
A faculty is a group of related departments in a university, or the teaching staff as a whole. It can also mean a natural mental ability.
/tjuːˈtɔː.ri.əl/
a small teaching session
A tutorial is a small class or session where a tutor helps students with a subject. Tutorials allow more discussion than large lectures.
/ˈwɜːk.bʊk/
a book of exercises
A workbook is a book with spaces for students to write answers and do exercises. It is used for practice alongside a textbook.
/ˈæn.ə.teɪt/
to add notes to a text
To annotate is to add short notes or comments to a text to explain or highlight it. Students annotate poems and passages when they study.
/ˈwɜːk.ʃiːt/
a sheet of exercises
A worksheet is a piece of paper with questions or tasks for students to complete. Teachers hand out worksheets in class.
/ˌdɪs.əˈteɪ.ʃən/
a long research paper
A dissertation is a long piece of writing on a subject, usually written as part of a university degree. It is based on the student's own research.
/dɪˈbeɪt/
a formal discussion of an issue
A debate is a formal discussion in which people give opposing views on a topic. Schools hold debates to develop speaking and reasoning skills.
/ˌæn.əˈteɪ.ʃən/
a note added to a text
An annotation is a short note added to a text to explain or comment on it. Students make annotations in the margins while reading.
/mɑːk/
to grade student work
To mark is to check student work and give it a score or correction. Teachers mark homework and exams.
/ˌriːˈsɪt/
to take an exam again
To resit is to take an exam again after failing or to improve a grade. Students may resit a paper the following year.
/ˈpær.ə.freɪz/
to reword in your own words
To paraphrase is to express the meaning of a text using your own words. Students paraphrase to show they understand a passage.
/dɪˈstɪŋk.ʃən/
a top grade
A distinction is a very high grade given for excellent work. It shows that a student has performed far above the pass level.
/ˈmɛr.ɪt/
a good grade or reward
A merit is a grade or reward given for work of good quality. It is usually below a distinction but above a pass.
/ˈpleɪ.dʒə.rɪ.zəm/
copying others' work
Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's words or ideas as your own without giving credit. It is a serious offence in academic work.
/ˌbɪb.liˈɒɡ.rə.fi/
a list of sources used
A bibliography is a list of the books and sources used in a piece of research. It appears at the end of an essay or report.
/sɪˈnɒp.sɪs/
a brief outline of a work
A synopsis is a short outline that gives the main points of a longer piece of writing. A book report often begins with a synopsis of the story.
/ˈfʊt.nəʊt/
a note at the page bottom
A footnote is a note printed at the bottom of a page that gives extra information or a source. Footnotes keep the main text clear.
/əˈpɛn.dɪks/
extra material at the end
An appendix is a section at the end of a report or book that contains extra information. It holds tables and data that support the main text.
/ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/
a list of term meanings
A glossary is a list of special words with their meanings, usually at the end of a book. It helps readers understand difficult terms.
/ˈsʌm.ə.raɪzd/
gave a short account (past)
Summarized is the past tense of 'summarize', meaning gave the main points of something in a short form. It describes completed summarising.
/ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪ.tɪd/
judged the value of (past)
Evaluated is the past tense of 'evaluate', meaning judged how good or useful something is. It describes a completed judgement.
/ɪnˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/
to study to find facts
To investigate is to study something carefully to find out the truth or facts about it. Scientists investigate problems through experiments.
/ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
a careful study of facts
An investigation is a careful study carried out to discover facts about something. Science lessons often include practical investigations.
/kənˈkluː.dɪŋ/
final or ending
Concluding describes the final part of a piece of work, such as the last paragraph of an essay. The concluding section sums up the main ideas.
/ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.ʃən/
the opening of an essay
An introduction is the first part of an essay or report that tells the reader what it is about. It sets out the main idea or question.
/dɪˈdjuːs/
to reach a logical answer
To deduce is to reach an answer by reasoning from facts you already know. Students deduce results from given information.
/ɪnˈfɜː/
to work out indirectly
To infer is to work out something from clues rather than from a direct statement. Readers infer meaning that is not stated openly.
/haɪˈpɒθ.ɪ.saɪz/
to form a possible explanation
To hypothesize is to suggest a possible explanation that can be tested. Scientists hypothesize before running an experiment.
/ˈsɜː.veɪ/
a set of questions for data
A survey is a set of questions used to collect information from many people. Students use surveys to gather data for projects.
/ˌkwɛs.tʃəˈneə/
a printed set of questions
A questionnaire is a printed list of questions given to people to collect information. It is a common tool in surveys and research.
/ˈsɑːm.pəl/
a small part studied
A sample is a small part of a larger group that is studied to learn about the whole. Researchers choose a sample to make their study manageable.
/ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ/
a central value of numbers
An average is a single number found by adding values and dividing by how many there are. It shows a typical value in a set of data.
/pəˈsɛn.tɪdʒ/
a part per hundred
A percentage is a number that shows how much of a whole something is, out of one hundred. Test scores are often given as a percentage.
/ˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/
to judge an amount roughly
To estimate is to make a careful guess about a number or amount. Students estimate answers to check if their calculations are sensible.
/kəmˈpjuːt/
to work out by calculation
To compute is to find an answer by doing calculations. Students compute totals and averages in maths.
/pruːf/
evidence that shows truth
Proof is evidence or reasoning that shows something is definitely true. In maths, a proof is a logical argument for a result.
/ˈleɪ.bəl/
to name parts of a diagram
To label is to write the names of the parts on a diagram or picture. Students label diagrams to show what each part is.
/ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.ən/
a statement of meaning
A definition is a statement that explains the exact meaning of a word or idea. Dictionaries are full of definitions.
/rɪˈvaɪz/
to study again or improve
To revise is to study work again before an exam, or to change and improve a piece of writing. Students revise their notes and their essays.
/ˈmɛm.ə.raɪz/
to learn by heart
To memorize is to learn something so well that you can remember it exactly. Students memorize facts, formulas, and vocabulary.
/rɪˈsaɪt/
to say aloud from memory
To recite is to say something aloud from memory, often in front of others. Students recite poems and tables in class.
/ˈsʌm.ə.raɪz/
to give the main points (British spelling)
To summarise is to give the main points of something in a short form. It is the British spelling of 'summarize'.
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛnd/
to fully understand
To comprehend is to understand something completely. Students must comprehend a text before they can answer questions on it.
/rɪˈkɔːl/
to remember information
To recall is to bring something back to mind that you have learned. Exams test how well students can recall facts.
/ˈtæb.jə.leɪt/
to arrange in a table
To tabulate is to arrange information into a table of rows and columns. Students tabulate their results to make them clear.
/ɪnˌtɜː.prɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
an explanation of meaning
An interpretation is an explanation of what something means. Two students may give different interpretations of the same poem.
/dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
to tell things apart
To distinguish is to recognise the difference between two or more things. Exam questions may ask students to distinguish between similar ideas.
/dɪˈnəʊt/
to stand for or mean
To denote is to be a sign or symbol for something, or to mean it directly. In maths, a letter can denote an unknown value.
/ɪkˈsplɔː/
to look into a topic
To explore is to study a subject or idea in order to learn more about it. Essays often ask students to explore a theme.
/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/
to give importance to (British spelling)
To emphasise is to give special importance to a point so that it stands out. It is the British spelling of 'emphasize'.
/ˈrɛl.ə.vənt/
connected to the topic
Relevant means closely connected to the subject being discussed. Students should include only relevant information in their answers.
/ˈæk.jə.rət/
correct and exact
Accurate means correct and free from mistakes. Scientists need accurate measurements to get good results.
/prɪˈsaɪs/
exact and clear
Precise means exact, clear, and without vagueness. A precise answer gives the right level of detail.
/ˈlɜː.nɪŋ əbˈdʒɛk.tɪv/
a stated aim of a lesson
A learning objective is a clear statement of what students should know or be able to do by the end of a lesson. Teachers share learning objectives at the start.
/eɪm/
the purpose of a study
An aim is what a person or piece of work is trying to achieve. Science reports begin with the aim of the experiment.
/ˈaʊt.kʌm/
a result or effect
An outcome is the result or effect of an action or process. Learning outcomes describe what students should be able to do.
/kraɪˈtɪə.ri.ə/
standards for judging
Criteria are the standards used to judge or assess something. Marking criteria tell students how their work will be graded.
/ˈruː.brɪk/
a guide for marking
A rubric is a chart or set of instructions that explains how work will be marked. It can also mean the instructions at the top of an exam paper.
/ɪnˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.leɪ.tər/
a person who supervises exams
An invigilator is a person who watches over students during an exam to make sure rules are followed. They hand out and collect papers.
/ˈtræn.skrɪpt/
an official record of grades
A transcript is an official document that lists a student's courses and grades. Universities ask for transcripts when students apply.
/ˈkɔːs.wɜːk/
work done during a course
Coursework is the written work and projects students do during a course, which counts towards their final grade. It is separate from exams.
/ˈmɒd.juːl/
a unit of a course
A module is a separate part or unit of a larger course. Students complete several modules to finish a programme.
/səbˈmɪʃ.ən/
the act of handing in work
A submission is the act of handing in work to be marked, or the work itself. Late submissions may lose marks.
/ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪn/
to draw a line under text
To underline is to draw a line under a word to mark it as important. It can also mean to emphasise an idea.
/ˈdrɑːf.tɪŋ/
writing an early version
Drafting is the process of writing a first or early version of a text. It is a stage in the writing process before editing.
/ˈɛd.ɪt/
to correct and improve writing
To edit is to check a piece of writing and make changes to improve it. Students edit their drafts before handing them in.
/ˈpruːf.riːd/
to check for errors
To proofread is to read a text carefully to find and correct mistakes in spelling, grammar, and punctuation. It is the last step before submitting.
/kwəʊˈteɪ.ʃən/
words taken from a source
A quotation is a group of words taken exactly from a book or speech and used in your own work. Quotations support an argument with evidence.
/ˈkɒn.tɛkst/
the setting of something
Context is the situation or background that helps explain the meaning of something. Understanding context helps students interpret texts.
/ˈbæk.ɡraʊnd/
information that gives context
Background is the information that explains the situation behind a topic. Reports include background to help readers understand the study.
/ˌdʒʌs.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
reasons that support a choice
A justification is a set of good reasons that explain why something is correct or sensible. Answers that include justification earn more marks.
/əˈsɛs/
to judge value or quality
To assess is to judge the quality, value, or importance of something. Exam questions ask students to assess ideas and evidence.
/əˈsɛs.mənt/
a way of judging learning
An assessment is a test or task used to judge how much a student has learned. Schools use both written and practical assessments.
/ˈflæʃ.kɑːd/
a card for quick learning
A flashcard is a small card with a word or question on one side and the answer on the other. Students use flashcards to memorise facts.
/ˈmaɪnd mæp/
a diagram of linked ideas
A mind map is a diagram that shows ideas linked around a central topic. Students use mind maps to plan essays and revise.
/ˈkiː.wɜːd/
an important word in a topic
A keyword is an important word that helps you understand or search for a topic. Students underline keywords in exam questions.
/ˈriː.kæp/
to go over main points
To recap is to repeat the main points of something briefly. Teachers recap the previous lesson before starting a new one.
/ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/
to make clear
To clarify is to make something easier to understand by explaining it more clearly. Students ask teachers to clarify difficult instructions.
/ɪˈlæb.ə.reɪt/
to add more detail
To elaborate is to give more detail or develop an idea further. Teachers ask students to elaborate on short answers.
/skɛtʃ/
to draw roughly
To sketch is to draw something quickly without much detail. In exams, 'sketch a graph' means draw its general shape.
/dɪˈraɪv/
to obtain from a source
To derive is to get or work something out from a source or a formula. In maths, students derive results from given rules.
/ˈvɛr.ɪ.faɪ/
to check the truth of
To verify is to check that something is true or correct. Students verify their answers by testing them.
/əˈprɒk.sɪ.mət/
close but not exact
Approximate means close to a true value but not exact. Students give an approximate answer when an exact one is not needed.
/kənˈtrəʊl ˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/
a factor kept the same
A control variable is a factor that is kept the same during an experiment so it does not affect the results. Controlling variables makes a test fair.
/ˌæp.əˈreɪ.təs/
equipment for experiments
Apparatus is the set of tools and equipment used to do a scientific experiment. Students list the apparatus in their lab reports.
/læb/
a room for experiments
A lab is a short word for laboratory, a room with equipment for doing scientific experiments. Students do practical work in the lab.
/ˈθɪə.rəm/
a proved maths statement
A theorem is a statement in maths that has been proved to be true. Students use theorems to solve problems.
/ˈjuː.nɪt/
a standard amount or part
A unit is a standard amount used to measure something, such as a metre or a gram. It can also mean a part of a course.
/ˈkwɒn.tɪ.ti/
an amount of something
A quantity is an amount or number of something. In science, quantities such as mass and length are measured.
/ˈkæp.ʃən/
text that explains a picture
A caption is a short piece of text under a picture or diagram that explains what it shows. Captions help readers understand figures.
/ˈfɪɡ.ər/
a diagram or number
A figure is a diagram, chart, or picture in a report, or a written number. Figures are numbered so readers can find them.
/trɛnd/
a general direction in data
A trend is the general direction in which data changes over time. Students describe trends shown on graphs.
/ˈpæt.ən/
a regular arrangement
A pattern is a way in which something happens or is arranged that repeats in a regular way. Students look for patterns in data and numbers.
/ˈsiː.kwəns/
an ordered set of items
A sequence is a set of things that follow one another in a particular order. In maths, a number sequence follows a rule.
/ˈkæt.ə.ɡər.i/
a group of similar things
A category is a group of things that share the same features. When students classify, they sort items into categories.
/kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/
the act of noting likeness
A comparison is the act of looking at how things are alike or different. A good comparison helps explain new ideas.
/ˈriː.zən.ɪŋ/
the process of thinking logically
Reasoning is the process of thinking carefully to reach a conclusion. Exams reward clear reasoning, not just the right answer.
/ˈlɒdʒ.ɪk/
the science of correct thinking
Logic is the study of correct and ordered thinking. A logical argument moves clearly from one point to the next.
/əˈsʌmp.ʃən/
something taken as true
An assumption is something that you accept as true without proof. Students must state any assumptions they make in a calculation.
/ˌlɪm.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
a weakness of a study
A limitation is a weakness or restriction that affects how good a study or method is. Good reports describe their own limitations.
/rɪˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
how trustworthy results are
Reliability is how far results can be trusted to be the same if a test is repeated. Reliable methods give consistent results.
/ˈvæl.ɪd/
sound and well founded
Valid means based on good reasoning or true facts, so it can be accepted. A valid argument follows logically from its evidence.
/strɛs/
to give special importance
To stress is to give special importance to a point so that others notice it. Writers stress their main idea by repeating it.
/rɪˈfɜː/
to mention or point to
To refer is to mention something or to direct attention to a source. Students refer to the text when answering questions.
/nəʊt/
to write down briefly
To note is to write something down so you remember it. Students note key facts during lessons.
/dɪˈskraɪ.bɪŋ/
giving details (present)
Describing is the present participle of 'describe', meaning giving an account of what something is like. It is a key writing skill.
/ɪkˈspleɪ.nɪŋ/
making clear (present)
Explaining is the present participle of 'explain', meaning making something clear by giving reasons or details. It shows understanding.
/krɪˈtiːk/
a careful judgement
A critique is a careful written judgement that points out the strengths and weaknesses of a work. Students write critiques in higher study.
/kiː pɔɪnt/
a most important idea
A key point is one of the most important ideas in a topic or text. Students list key points when they revise.
/ˌrɛk.əˈmɛnd/
to suggest as good
To recommend is to say that something is good and should be chosen or done. Reports often recommend what to do next.
/θiːm/
a central idea in a text
A theme is a central idea or message that runs through a story or essay. Students explore themes when they study literature.
/ˈkɒn.tɛkst kluː/
a hint from surrounding words
A context clue is a hint in the surrounding text that helps you guess the meaning of an unknown word. Good readers use context clues.
/meɪn aɪˈdɪə/
the most important point
The main idea is the most important point that a paragraph or text is about. Finding the main idea helps with comprehension.
/ˈtɒp.ɪk ˈsɛn.təns/
the first key sentence of a paragraph
A topic sentence is the sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph. It usually comes at the start.
/ˈkləʊ.zɪŋ ˈpær.ə.ɡrɑːf/
the final paragraph of an essay
A closing paragraph is the last paragraph of an essay that sums up the main points. It leaves the reader with the key message.
/ˈkaʊn.tərˌɑːɡ.jə.mənt/
an opposing point of view
A counterargument is a point made against an idea or opinion. Strong essays consider counterarguments before answering them.
/fɜːst ˈpɜː.sən/
writing using I or we
First person is a way of writing that uses 'I' or 'we' to show the writer's own view. Personal essays are often written in the first person.
/θɜːd ˈpɜː.sən/
writing using he, she, or they
Third person is a way of writing that uses 'he', 'she', 'it', or 'they'. Formal essays and reports are usually written in the third person.
/ˈsɪn.ə.nɪm/
a word with similar meaning
A synonym is a word that means almost the same as another word. Using synonyms makes writing more varied.
/ˈæn.tə.nɪm/
a word with opposite meaning
An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. 'Hot' is an antonym of 'cold'.
/ˈpriː.fɪks/
letters added to the front of a word
A prefix is a group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning. For example, 'un-' in 'unhappy' is a prefix.
/ˈsʌf.ɪks/
letters added to the end of a word
A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning or form. For example, '-ly' in 'quickly' is a suffix.
/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/
a unit of sound in a word
A syllable is a single unit of sound in a word, usually with one vowel sound. The word 'water' has two syllables.
/ˌpʌŋk.tʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/
marks that organise writing
Punctuation is the set of marks, such as commas and full stops, used to make writing clear. Correct punctuation helps readers understand sentences.
/klɔːz/
a group of words with a verb
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. Sentences can have one or more clauses.
/tɛns/
the time shown by a verb
Tense is the form of a verb that shows when an action happens, such as past, present, or future. Students must use the correct tense in writing.
/naʊn/
a naming word
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. 'Teacher', 'school', and 'hope' are all nouns.
/vɜːb/
an action or being word
A verb is a word that shows an action or a state of being. 'Run', 'think', and 'is' are all verbs.
/ˈædʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
a describing word
An adjective is a word that describes a noun, telling us more about it. 'Tall', 'red', and 'clever' are adjectives.
/ˈæd.vɜːb/
a word that describes a verb
An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb, adjective, or other adverb, often how something is done. 'Quickly' and 'very' are adverbs.
/ˈprəʊ.naʊn/
a word used in place of a noun
A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, such as 'he', 'she', or 'it'. Pronouns help us avoid repeating names.
/freɪz/
a small group of words
A phrase is a small group of words that work together but do not form a full sentence. 'In the morning' is a phrase.
/ˈfaɪ.nəl ˈkɒp.i/
the finished version of writing
A final copy is the finished, corrected version of a piece of writing that is handed in. It comes after the draft and editing stages.
/ˈɔː.rəl/
a spoken examination
An oral is a test in which students answer questions by speaking rather than writing. Language courses often include an oral.
/mɒk ɪɡˈzæm/
a practice exam
A mock exam is a practice exam taken before the real one to help students prepare. It is marked like a real exam but does not count.
/pɑːst ˈpeɪ.pər/
an old exam paper for practice
A past paper is an exam paper from a previous year used to practise for an upcoming exam. Working through past papers is a key revision method.
/ɡreɪd ˈbaʊn.dər.i/
the marks needed for a grade
A grade boundary is the lowest number of marks needed to reach a particular grade. Students aim to score above the grade boundary.
/ˈstʌd.i skɪl/
a technique that helps learning
A study skill is a technique or method that helps a student learn and revise effectively, such as making notes or planning time. Good study skills improve results.
/ˈmaɪnd.sɛt/
a fixed way of thinking
A mindset is the set of attitudes and beliefs that shape how a person thinks and responds. Speakers often contrast a fixed mindset with a growth mindset.
/ˈɪn.saɪt/
deep understanding
An insight is a clear, deep understanding of a complex situation or idea. Talks often promise insights that change how the audience sees a topic.
/dɪsˈrʌpt/
to radically change
To disrupt is to interrupt or radically change the normal way something works. In business talks it describes new ideas that overturn an industry.
/ˈpær.ə.daɪm ʃɪft/
a fundamental change in approach
A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and practices of a field. Speakers use it to signal a complete rethinking of how something is done.
/ɔːˈθɛn.tɪk/
genuine and real
Something authentic is genuine, true to itself, and not fake or imitated. Speakers praise authentic leadership and authentic connection.
/ˌɔː.θɛnˈtɪs.ə.ti/
the quality of being genuine
Authenticity is the quality of being real, honest, and true to one's own character. It is often described as the foundation of trust.
/ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ə.ti/
the ability to create new ideas
Creativity is the ability to produce original ideas, art, or solutions. It is celebrated as a driving force behind progress and innovation.
/pəˈtɛn.ʃəl/
latent ability to develop
Potential is the capacity to grow, develop, or succeed that has not yet been realized. Speakers urge audiences to unlock their full potential.
/ˈbreɪk.θruː/
a major advance
A breakthrough is a sudden, important discovery or advance that overcomes a barrier. It marks a turning point in research or effort.
/ˌtræns.fərˈmeɪ.ʃən/
a complete change
A transformation is a thorough or dramatic change in form, nature, or character. Talks often describe personal or organizational transformation.
/trænsˈfɔːm/
to change completely
To transform is to change something completely in form or character, usually for the better. Speakers describe ideas that transform lives.
/ˈpɜː.pəs/
the reason for doing something
Purpose is the reason for which something exists or is done, often tied to a sense of meaning. Speakers urge people to find their purpose.
/ˈpɜː.pəs.fəl/
having a clear intention
Something purposeful is done with a clear aim and determination. A purposeful life is guided by meaning rather than chance.
/ɡrɪt/
courage and determination
Grit is the courage, resolve, and sustained effort needed to pursue long-term goals despite hardship. It is often linked to success more than talent.
/ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/
persistence despite difficulty
Perseverance is steady persistence in a course of action despite difficulty or delay. It is valued as a key to long-term success.
/ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə/
to keep going despite difficulty
To persevere is to continue trying to do something despite difficulty or opposition. Speakers urge listeners to persevere through setbacks.
/ɪmˈpaʊ.ər/
to give power or confidence
To empower is to give someone the authority, power, or confidence to act. Talks often speak of empowering communities or individuals.
/ɪmˈpaʊ.ə.mənt/
the process of gaining power
Empowerment is the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life. It is central to many social movements.
/ɪnˈspaɪər/
to fill with motivation
To inspire is to fill someone with the urge or ability to do something creative or worthwhile. Great speakers aim to inspire their audience.
/ɪnˈspaɪə.rɪŋ/
filling you with motivation
Something inspiring fills people with the urge to act, create, or believe. An inspiring story lifts and motivates its audience.
/ʌpˈlɪft/
to raise spirits or hope
To uplift is to raise someone's mood, spirit, or hope. An uplifting talk leaves the audience feeling encouraged and energized.
/ˈɪn.flu.əns/
the power to affect others
Influence is the capacity to affect the character, behaviour, or decisions of others. Speakers study how to build and use influence ethically.
/ˌɪn.fluˈɛn.ʃəl/
having great influence
Someone influential has a strong effect on people, events, or ideas. Influential thinkers shape how a generation sees the world.
/ɑːˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/
to express clearly
To articulate is to express an idea or feeling clearly and effectively in words. Good speakers articulate complex ideas simply.
/prəˈfaʊnd.li/
in a deep, far-reaching way
To be profoundly affected is to be affected very deeply and significantly. Speakers describe being profoundly changed by an experience.
/dɪˈlɛm.ə/
a difficult choice
A dilemma is a situation in which a difficult choice must be made between two options, often both undesirable. Ethical dilemmas are common talk topics.
/ˈθrɛʃ.hoʊld/
a point of beginning
A threshold is the level or point at which something starts to happen or change. Speakers use it for the edge between one state and another.
/ˌkæt.əˈlɪt.ɪk/
causing or speeding up change
Something catalytic causes or accelerates an important change. Speakers describe a catalytic moment that set everything in motion.
/ˈbluː.prɪnt/
a detailed plan or model
A blueprint is a detailed plan or model for how to achieve something. Speakers offer a blueprint for change or success.
/ˈɪt.ə.reɪt/
to repeat and refine
To iterate is to perform a process repeatedly, improving it a little each time. It is central to design and software development.
/ˌɪn.tjuˈɪʃ.ən/
instinctive understanding
Intuition is the ability to understand something instinctively, without conscious reasoning. Speakers debate when to trust intuition over data.
/ˌæm.bɪˈɡjuː.ə.ti/
the quality of being unclear
Ambiguity is the quality of being open to more than one interpretation. Speakers discuss the discomfort and value of living with ambiguity.
/ˌsɛr.ənˈdɪp.ə.ti/
a happy accident
Serendipity is the occurrence of fortunate discoveries by chance. Speakers describe how openness invites serendipity into our lives.
/ˌwɛlˈbiː.ɪŋ/
a state of health and happiness
Wellbeing is the state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy in body and mind. It is a major theme in talks on mental health and work.
/ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/
to grow and thrive
To flourish is to grow vigorously and develop in a healthy, successful way. Speakers ask what conditions help people flourish.
/θraɪv/
to prosper and grow strong
To thrive is to prosper, grow vigorously, and do well. It suggests not just surviving but flourishing.
/ɪmˈbreɪs/
to accept willingly
To embrace is to accept or support something willingly and enthusiastically. Speakers urge people to embrace change or uncertainty.
/ʌnˈliːʃ/
to release powerful force
To unleash is to release a powerful force, feeling, or potential that was held back. Speakers talk of unleashing creativity or potential.
/ɪɡˈnaɪt/
to set alight or spark
To ignite is to set on fire or, figuratively, to spark strong feeling or action. Speakers aim to ignite passion or curiosity.
/ˌɛm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/
able to share others' feelings
Someone empathetic can understand and share the feelings of another person. Empathetic listening builds trust and connection.
/ˈrɛz.ə.neɪt/
to strike a deep chord
To resonate is to evoke a strong feeling or sense of agreement in someone. A message that resonates stays with the audience.
/təˈnæs.ə.ti/
persistent determination
Tenacity is the quality of holding firmly to a purpose or course of action despite difficulty. It is closely linked to grit and resolve.
/təˈneɪ.ʃəs/
holding firmly to a goal
Someone tenacious holds firmly to a goal or belief and does not give up easily. Tenacious effort often outlasts raw talent.
/hjuːˈmɪl.ə.ti/
a modest view of oneself
Humility is a modest and unassuming view of one's own importance. Speakers link humility to good leadership and lifelong learning.
/ˈvɪʒ.ən.ər.i/
having bold foresight
Someone visionary thinks about or plans the future with imagination and wisdom. Visionary leaders see possibilities others miss.
/məʊˈmɛn.təs/
of great importance
Something momentous is of great importance, especially in its long-term effect. A momentous decision changes the course of events.
/ˈstɔː.ri.tɛl.ɪŋ/
the art of telling stories
Storytelling is the craft of conveying ideas and emotions through narrative. It is regarded as the heart of persuasive public speaking.
/ˈklær.ə.ti/
clearness of thought or expression
Clarity is the quality of being clear, easy to understand, and free of confusion. Speakers strive for clarity in both thought and language.
/kənˈvɪk.ʃən/
a firmly held belief
A conviction is a firmly held belief or opinion, often spoken of as the source of a speaker's power. To speak with conviction is to speak with deep certainty.
/ˌæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən/
a strong hope or ambition
An aspiration is a strong hope or ambition to achieve something. Speakers connect aspirations to purpose and effort.
/əˈspaɪər/
to direct hope toward a goal
To aspire is to direct one's hopes and ambitions toward achieving something great. People aspire to lead, to create, or to serve.
/ˌriː.ɪnˈvɛnt/
to remake completely
To reinvent is to change something so much that it appears entirely new. Speakers talk of reinventing themselves or an industry.
/ədˈvɜː.sə.ti/
hardship or misfortune
Adversity is a state of serious or continued difficulty and misfortune. Speakers explore how people grow through adversity.
/ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fəl/
having real significance
Something meaningful has real importance, value, or purpose. Speakers urge audiences to build meaningful lives and relationships.
/ɪˈmɜː.sɪv/
deeply absorbing
Something immersive deeply absorbs your attention so you feel surrounded by it. Speakers describe immersive learning and immersive experiences.
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/
to involve or attract
To engage is to attract and hold attention or to involve oneself in an activity. A good talk engages its audience from the first line.
/prəˈfʌn.də.ti/
great depth of insight
Profundity is great depth of knowledge, thought, or insight. A statement of profundity reveals something deep about life.
/ɪˈpɪf.ə.ni/
a sudden realization
An epiphany is a sudden, striking realization or moment of insight. Speakers describe the epiphany that changed their path.
/ˌrɛv.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
a surprising disclosure
A revelation is a surprising and previously unknown fact made known, or the feeling of learning it. Speakers share revelations that reframe a topic.
/pəˈsɛp.ʃən/
the way we see things
Perception is the way something is understood or interpreted through the senses and mind. Speakers show how perception shapes our reality.
/kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən/
the process of thinking
Cognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge through thought, experience, and the senses. It covers attention, memory, and reasoning.
/ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.plæsˈtɪs.ə.ti/
the brain's ability to rewire
Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to change and reorganize its connections throughout life. It explains how we learn and recover from injury.
/ˌɛɡ.zɪˈstɛn.ʃəl/
relating to existence and meaning
Something existential relates to human existence and the search for meaning. Speakers discuss existential questions about purpose and mortality.
/ˌɪn.trəˈspɛk.ʃən/
examination of one's own mind
Introspection is the act of looking inward to examine one's own thoughts and feelings. Speakers encourage introspection as a path to growth.
/ˌsɛlf.əˈweə.nəs/
conscious knowledge of oneself
Self-awareness is conscious knowledge of one's own character, feelings, and motives. It is described as the foundation of emotional intelligence.
/ɪˈmoʊ.ʃən.əl ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.dʒəns/
skill at reading emotions
Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own and others' emotions. It is prized in leadership and relationships.
/mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti/
the state of being mortal
Mortality is the condition of being subject to death. Speakers reflect on how awareness of mortality shapes how we live.
/ˈlɛɡ.ə.si/
what one leaves behind
A legacy is something handed down from the past, especially the lasting impact of a person's life or work. Speakers ask what legacy we want to leave.
/ɛmˈpæθ.ɪk/
showing empathy
Something empathic shows or relates to the ability to share another's feelings. An empathic response makes people feel understood.
/rɪˈzɔːs.fəl/
clever at solving problems
Someone resourceful is clever and quick at finding ways to overcome difficulties. Resourceful people make the most of what they have.
/əˈdæp.tə.bəl/
able to adjust to change
Someone adaptable can adjust readily to new conditions and challenges. Adaptability is a prized skill in a fast-changing world.
/ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/
controlled, consistent effort
Discipline is the practice of training oneself to act in a controlled, consistent way. Speakers say discipline turns goals into habits.
/ˈmɑː.stər.i/
complete skill or command
Mastery is comprehensive knowledge or skill in a subject or activity. Speakers describe the long path from beginner to mastery.
/ˌɛk.spɜːˈtiːz/
expert skill or knowledge
Expertise is the deep skill or knowledge a person has in a particular field. Speakers share hard-won expertise with their audience.
/ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ə.ti/
inventive cleverness
Ingenuity is the quality of being clever, original, and inventive. Speakers celebrate human ingenuity in solving hard problems.
/ˈɪn.ə.veɪt/
to introduce new ideas
To innovate is to introduce new methods, ideas, or products. Speakers argue that organizations must innovate to survive.
/ˈluː.krə.tɪv/
producing a lot of profit
Something lucrative produces a great deal of money or profit. Speakers weigh lucrative options against meaningful ones.
/skeɪl/
to grow in size or reach
To scale is to increase the size, scope, or reach of something in a controlled way. Startups talk constantly about how to scale.
/ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/
the power to act and choose
Agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices. Speakers stress giving people a sense of agency.
/ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/
the freedom to govern oneself
Autonomy is the right or condition of self-government and independent action. Speakers link autonomy to motivation and wellbeing.
/ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛk.tɪd/
linked together mutually
Things that are interconnected are linked together so that each affects the others. Speakers stress how interconnected our world has become.
/ˌɪn.tə.dɪˈpɛn.dəns/
mutual reliance
Interdependence is a state in which people, groups, or systems depend on one another. Speakers describe the interdependence of nature and society.
/ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/
fair and impartial
Something equitable is fair and impartial, giving everyone what they deserve. Speakers call for more equitable systems and opportunities.
/ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nə.laɪzd/
pushed to the edge of society
People who are marginalized are treated as insignificant and pushed to the edge of society. Speakers call attention to marginalized voices.
/kəmˈpæʃ.ən.ət/
feeling deep sympathy
Someone compassionate feels and shows deep sympathy and concern for others' suffering. Compassionate action seeks to relieve that suffering.
/bəˈnɛv.ə.ləns/
kindness and goodwill
Benevolence is the quality of being well-meaning and kind toward others. Speakers describe leaders who govern with benevolence.
/ˌrɛs.ɪˈprɒs.ə.ti/
mutual exchange for benefit
Reciprocity is the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit. Speakers describe it as a force that builds trust and cooperation.
/kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/
the state of sticking together
Cohesion is the act or state of forming a united whole. Speakers value social cohesion and team cohesion alike.
/ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/
worthiness of respect
Dignity is the quality of being worthy of honour and respect. Speakers argue that every person deserves to be treated with dignity.
/trænsˈpær.ənt/
open and easy to see through
Something transparent is open, honest, and easy to understand, with nothing hidden. Speakers praise transparent leadership and institutions.
/əˈkaʊn.tə.bəl/
responsible and answerable
Someone accountable is responsible for their actions and required to explain them. Speakers say good leaders hold themselves accountable.
/dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/
done on purpose and carefully
Something deliberate is done consciously and intentionally, often with care. Speakers describe deliberate practice as the route to mastery.
/əˈbʌn.dəns/
a very large quantity
Abundance is a very large quantity of something, more than enough. Speakers contrast an abundance mindset with one of scarcity.
/ˈskeə.sə.ti/
shortage or lack
Scarcity is the state of being in short supply or not enough. Speakers explore how a scarcity mindset shapes behaviour.
/trəˈdʒɛk.tər.i/
the path of development
A trajectory is the path that something follows as it develops over time. Speakers describe a career or country's trajectory.
/ˈɡraʊndˌbreɪ.kɪŋ/
pioneering and original
Something groundbreaking is innovative and breaks new ground in a field. Groundbreaking research opens up entirely new possibilities.
/pəˈsweɪ.sɪv/
good at convincing
Something persuasive is effective at making people believe or do something. A persuasive argument changes minds.
/ˈpɔɪn.jənt/
deeply moving and touching
Something poignant evokes a keen sense of sadness or emotion. A poignant story stays with the listener long after.
/ɪˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/
bringing strong feelings to mind
Something evocative brings strong images, memories, or feelings to mind. Evocative language helps a talk come alive.
/ˈɪn.trə.vɜːt/
a quiet, inward-focused person
An introvert is a person who gains energy from quiet, solitary activity rather than social stimulation. Speakers explore the strengths of introverts.
/ˈɛk.strə.vɜːt/
an outgoing, social person
An extrovert is a person who gains energy from social interaction and the outer world. Extroverts often thrive in lively group settings.
/ɪnˈtɛn.ʃən.əl/
done on purpose
Something intentional is done deliberately and with a clear aim. Speakers urge people to live more intentionally.
/ˈprɛz.əns/
a strong, calm self-assurance
Presence is the impressive, confident quality of being fully there in a moment. Speakers cultivate presence to command a room.
/ˈfrædʒ.aɪl/
easily broken or harmed
Something fragile is easily broken, damaged, or harmed. Speakers describe fragile ecosystems, trust, or peace.
/rɪˈzɒlv/
firm determination
Resolve is firm determination to do something. Speakers describe facing hardship with steady resolve.
/dɪˈfaɪ.əns/
bold resistance to authority
Defiance is open resistance or bold disobedience to power or expectations. Speakers tell stories of courageous defiance.
/trænˈsɛnd/
to rise above or go beyond
To transcend is to go beyond the usual limits of something. Speakers describe ideas that transcend borders or generations.
/ɪmˈbɒd.i/
to be a clear example of
To embody is to be a tangible or visible expression of an idea or quality. A leader can embody the values of a movement.
/ˈɡæl.və.naɪz/
to spur into action
To galvanize is to shock or excite people into taking sudden action. A powerful speech can galvanize a crowd.
/ˈkʌl.tɪ.veɪt/
to nurture and develop
To cultivate is to grow, nurture, or develop something through care and effort. Speakers urge us to cultivate habits, skills, or relationships.
/ˈfɒs.tər/
to encourage development
To foster is to encourage the growth or development of something. Speakers talk of fostering creativity, trust, or talent.
/dɪˈsɜːn/
to perceive or distinguish clearly
To discern is to recognize or perceive something, often something subtle, with the mind or senses. Speakers help audiences discern truth from noise.
/pəˈsɛp.tɪv/
quick to notice and understand
Someone perceptive notices and understands things quickly and clearly. A perceptive observation reveals what others miss.
/ˈnjuː.ɑːnst/
showing subtle distinctions
Something nuanced reflects subtle differences and shades of meaning. A nuanced view avoids simple black-and-white thinking.
/sɪˈstɛm.ɪk/
affecting a whole system
Something systemic relates to or affects an entire system rather than its parts. Speakers point to systemic problems that need systemic change.
/ɪˈmɜː.dʒənt/
arising from interacting parts
Something emergent arises newly, especially as a property of a complex system that its parts alone do not show. Speakers describe emergent behaviour in nature and markets.
/ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/
growing faster and faster
Exponential growth becomes more and more rapid over time. Speakers warn that humans struggle to grasp exponential change.
/ˌkaʊn.tə.ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/
against what seems obvious
Something counterintuitive goes against what intuition would expect. Speakers love sharing counterintuitive findings that surprise the audience.
/ˈpɪv.ə.təl/
of central importance
Something pivotal is of crucial importance to the way things develop. A pivotal moment determines what happens next.
/ʌnˈprɛs.ɪ.dɛn.tɪd/
never done or known before
Something unprecedented has never happened or existed before. Speakers describe unprecedented challenges and opportunities.
/rɪˈzaʊn.dɪŋ/
unmistakable and emphatic
Something resounding is loud, clear, and emphatic, leaving no doubt. A resounding success is a great and obvious one.
/ˈɪn.trɪ.kə.si/
complex detail
Intricacy is the quality of having many complex, interrelated parts or details. Speakers marvel at the intricacy of nature.
/əˈbʌn.dənt/
existing in large amounts
Something abundant exists in large quantities, more than enough. Speakers describe abundant energy, talent, or opportunity.
/ˈlɪb.ə.reɪt/
to set free
To liberate is to set someone or something free from constraint or oppression. Speakers describe ideas that liberate the mind.
/ɪˈmæn.sɪ.peɪt/
to free from control
To emancipate is to free a person or group from legal, social, or political restrictions. Speakers honour those who fought to emancipate the oppressed.
/ˈrɛk.ən.ɪŋ/
a moment of accounting
A reckoning is a time when past actions or mistakes must be faced and accounted for. Speakers warn of a coming reckoning.
/ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.səl/
true for everyone everywhere
Something universal applies to or is true for all people, cases, or places. Speakers search for universal human truths.
/hjuːˈmæn.ə.ti/
the human race or kindness
Humanity means the human race as a whole, and also the quality of being humane and kind. Speakers appeal to our common humanity.
/ˌɪn.trəˈspɛk.tɪv/
given to self-examination
Someone introspective examines their own thoughts and feelings carefully. An introspective mood invites quiet self-reflection.
/ˌɛk.wəˈnɪm.ə.ti/
calm and even temper
Equanimity is mental calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation. Speakers admire those who meet chaos with equanimity.
/ˈsɒl.ɪ.tjuːd/
the state of being alone
Solitude is the state of being alone, often valued as restful and creative rather than lonely. Speakers distinguish solitude from loneliness.
/ˈwʌn.də.mənt/
a state of awed wonder
Wonderment is a state of awed admiration or amazement. Speakers describe children's natural wonderment at the world.
/bɪˈlɒŋ.ɪŋ.nəs/
the feeling of fitting in
Belongingness is the human need to feel accepted and part of a group. Speakers link it to wellbeing and motivation.
/ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bli/
in an open, exposed way
To act vulnerably is to behave in an open, emotionally exposed way that risks being hurt. Speakers say leading vulnerably builds trust.
/kəˈreɪ.dʒəs/
showing bravery
Someone courageous shows the ability to face danger, difficulty, or pain bravely. Courageous choices often involve real risk.
/ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪz.əm/
hopefulness about the future
Optimism is hopefulness and confidence about the future or the success of something. Speakers argue that grounded optimism drives progress.
/ˌtrɛp.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/
nervous fear about the future
Trepidation is a feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen. Speakers admit facing big moments with trepidation.
/ˈskɛp.tɪ.sɪz.əm/
a questioning attitude
Skepticism is an attitude of doubting or questioning claims rather than accepting them at once. Speakers praise healthy scientific skepticism.
/ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv ˈbaɪ.əs/
a systematic thinking error
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of error in how we think and judge. Speakers explain how cognitive biases distort our decisions.
/floʊ steɪt/
complete focused absorption
A flow state is a condition of complete absorption and focus in an activity, where time seems to disappear. Speakers describe how to enter flow.
/həˈbɪtʃ.u.əl/
done as a regular habit
Something habitual is done regularly and repeatedly, often automatically. Speakers explain how habitual behaviour shapes our lives.
/rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ/
to fill up or restore
To replenish is to restore something to a former level by filling it up again. Speakers say rest replenishes our energy and focus.
/ˈluː.sɪd/
clear and easy to understand
Something lucid is expressed clearly and is easy to understand. A lucid explanation makes a hard idea feel simple.
/ˈɛl.ɪ.ɡənt/
gracefully simple and effective
Something elegant is pleasingly graceful and simple in design or solution. Speakers admire an elegant idea that solves much with little.
/ˈfɔː.tɪ.tjuːd/
courage in pain or adversity
Fortitude is the courage and strength to endure pain or hardship without giving in. Speakers admire quiet fortitude in tough times.
/rɪˈdʒuː.və.neɪt/
to make young or fresh again
To rejuvenate is to make someone or something feel or look young, fresh, or energetic again. Speakers describe how rest rejuvenates the mind.
/spɑːk/
a small trigger of inspiration
A spark is a small thing that sets off a much bigger reaction, such as an idea or movement. Speakers describe the spark behind a great venture.
/liːp/
a bold jump forward
A leap is a sudden, bold move or advance forward, often involving risk. Speakers talk of taking a leap of faith.
/əˈsɛnd/
to rise or climb upward
To ascend is to go up or rise to a higher position or level. Speakers describe ascending to new heights of achievement.
/ˈsɛt.bæk/
a reversal or obstacle
A setback is a reversal or check in progress that delays success. Speakers say a setback is a setup for a comeback.
/ˌriːˈfreɪm/
to see in a new way
To reframe is to look at or present something in a different and often more helpful way. Speakers reframe failure as learning.
/ˈflʌr.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/
developing in a healthy way
Something flourishing is growing strongly and developing in a healthy, successful way. A flourishing community thrives together.
/ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/
boldly daring
Something audacious is daringly bold and willing to take big risks. Speakers champion audacious goals that seem impossible at first.
/ˌæs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən.əl/
reflecting big hopes
Something aspirational reflects a desire to achieve high goals or a better life. Aspirational messages inspire people to reach higher.
/ˌriːˈkæl.ɪ.breɪt/
to adjust and reset
To recalibrate is to adjust or reset one's approach, expectations, or instruments. Speakers urge us to recalibrate after big change.
/əˈtjuːn.mənt/
sensitive awareness of others
Attunement is the state of being deeply aware of and responsive to another's feelings. Speakers describe emotional attunement in relationships.
/ˈstjuː.əd.ʃɪp/
responsible care of something
Stewardship is the careful and responsible management of something entrusted to one's care. Speakers call for stewardship of the planet.
/ˌdʒɛn.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/
willingness to give freely
Generosity is the quality of being kind and giving freely of time, money, or care. Speakers describe generosity as a source of joy.
/əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
recognition of value or thanks
Appreciation is the recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of something, or a feeling of thanks. Speakers link appreciation to happiness.
/ræˈpɔː/
a close, harmonious bond
Rapport is a close and harmonious relationship in which people understand each other well. Speakers build rapport with their audience.
/ˈkæn.dər/
open and honest speech
Candor is the quality of being open, honest, and direct in what one says. Speakers value candor over comfortable spin.
/dɪˈsɜːn.mənt/
good judgment and insight
Discernment is the ability to judge well and perceive things clearly. Speakers say discernment helps us choose wisely amid noise.
/vəˈræs.ə.ti/
truthfulness or accuracy
Veracity is conformity to truth, or habitual truthfulness. Speakers test the veracity of bold claims.
/sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kəns/
importance or meaning
Significance is the quality of being important or having a special meaning. Speakers explain the significance of a finding.
/ˈfɔː.saɪt/
the ability to predict the future
Foresight is the ability to anticipate and plan for what is likely to happen. Speakers praise leaders with strategic foresight.
/ɪnˌtɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.ti/
the quality of acting on purpose
Intentionality is the quality of doing things deliberately and with clear purpose. Speakers urge greater intentionality in how we live.
/hɑːˈmoʊ.ni.əs/
free from conflict and well-balanced
Something harmonious is free from disagreement and forms a pleasing, balanced whole. Speakers describe harmonious teams and societies.
/ˌmɛt.əˈmɔː.fə.sɪs/
a complete change of form
A metamorphosis is a complete change of form, nature, or character. Speakers use it for dramatic personal or social transformation.
/ɪnˈdɛv.ər/
an earnest attempt or effort
An endeavor is a serious, determined effort to achieve something. Speakers describe great human endeavors.
/ˈvɛn.tʃər/
to dare to go or do
To venture is to dare to do something or go somewhere risky or unknown. Speakers say nothing ventured means nothing gained.
/ɪnˈkwɪz.ə.tɪv/
eager to learn and ask
Someone inquisitive is eager to learn and asks many questions. An inquisitive mind drives discovery.
/rɪˈsɛp.tɪv/
willing to consider new ideas
Someone receptive is willing to listen to and accept new ideas or suggestions. A receptive audience makes a speaker's job easier.
/dɛpθ/
the quality of being deep or profound
Depth is the quality of being deep, whether in measurement or in meaning and seriousness. Speakers seek depth over shallow answers.
/ˈjuː.nɪ.faɪ/
to bring together as one
To unify is to bring separate people or things together to form a single, united whole. Speakers describe ideas that unify a divided group.
/ˌpoʊ.lə.raɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
division into opposing groups
Polarization is the division of opinion into two sharply opposed groups. Speakers warn that polarization weakens society.
/ˈdaɪ.ə.lɒɡ/
open two-way conversation
Dialogue is a conversation or exchange of ideas aimed at mutual understanding. Speakers call for honest dialogue across differences.
/ˈnɜː.tʃər/
to care for and help grow
To nurture is to care for and encourage the growth or development of someone or something. Speakers say we must nurture talent and curiosity.
/prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/
to increase rapidly in number
To proliferate is to increase rapidly in number or spread widely. Speakers note how ideas and technologies proliferate online.
/ˈsɪn.ə.dʒaɪz/
to combine for greater effect
To synergize is to combine forces so the result is greater than the sum of the parts. Speakers describe teams that synergize well.
/dɪˈstɪl/
to extract the essence
To distill is to extract the most essential meaning or elements of something. Speakers distill complex ideas into a single clear point.
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛnd/
to fully understand
To comprehend is to grasp the full meaning of something with the mind. Speakers help audiences comprehend difficult ideas.
/ʃeɪp/
to influence the form of
To shape is to influence or determine the nature, form, or development of something. Speakers say our choices shape who we become.
/ˌmoʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
the reason and drive to act
Motivation is the reason or drive that makes a person want to do something. Speakers explore what truly sustains motivation.
/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/
to give a reason to act
To motivate is to provide someone with a reason or drive to do something. Great leaders motivate people toward a shared goal.
/ˈɛf.ət.ləs/
requiring no apparent effort
Something effortless appears to require little or no effort, often because of skill or good design. Mastery can make hard things look effortless.
/ˈdeə.rɪŋ/
willing to take bold risks
Someone or something daring is bold and willing to take risks. A daring idea challenges what everyone assumes.
/kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/
spreading easily from person to person
Something contagious spreads easily between people, whether a disease or, figuratively, an emotion or idea. Enthusiasm can be contagious.
/ˈɡraʊn.dɪd/
sensible and emotionally stable
Someone grounded is sensible, realistic, and emotionally stable. Grounded people stay calm and clear under pressure.
/ˌkʌt.ɪŋ ˈɛdʒ/
at the forefront of innovation
Something cutting-edge is at the most advanced stage of development. Cutting-edge research pushes the limits of what is known.
/ˈfjuː.tʃə.pruːf/
to prepare for future change
To futureproof is to design or prepare something so it stays useful despite future change. Speakers discuss how to futureproof skills.
/kənˈviːn/
to bring people together
To convene is to bring people together for a meeting or shared purpose. Speakers describe convening diverse voices to solve problems.
/ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/
to confirm or prove valid
To validate is to confirm that something is true, valuable, or worthwhile. Speakers test ideas to validate them before scaling.
/ˈtreɪd.ɒf/
a balance between two things
A trade-off is a situation in which gaining one thing means giving up another. Speakers explain the trade-offs behind every choice.
/ˈfiːd.bæk luːp/
a cycle where output affects input
A feedback loop is a cycle in which the results of a process influence the same process again. Speakers describe virtuous and vicious feedback loops.
/mæɡˈnɛt.ɪk/
very attractive and charismatic
Someone magnetic has a powerful, attractive presence that draws people in. A magnetic speaker holds an audience effortlessly.
/ˈreɪ.di.ənt/
glowing with warmth or joy
Someone radiant glows with happiness, health, or warmth. A radiant smile lights up a room.
/sɪˈriːn/
calm and peaceful
Something serene is calm, peaceful, and untroubled. Speakers describe finding a serene state of mind.
/ˈfɪə.ləs/
showing no fear
Someone fearless shows no fear and acts boldly despite danger. Speakers tell stories of fearless pioneers.
/ˈfɔː.mɪ.də.bəl/
impressively powerful or capable
Something formidable is impressively large, powerful, or difficult to deal with. A formidable challenge demands serious effort.
/rɪˈmɑː.kə.bəl/
worthy of attention; striking
Something remarkable is unusual or special enough to be worth noticing. Speakers highlight remarkable stories and findings.
/ˈdiː.pən/
to make or become more intense
To deepen is to make something more intense, profound, or serious. Speakers seek to deepen understanding and connection.
/ˈtɛs.tə.mənt/
clear proof or tribute
A testament is something that serves as clear evidence or proof of a quality. Their success is a testament to hard work.
/ˌfaʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən.əl/
forming a necessary base
Something foundational forms the essential base on which other things are built. Speakers identify the foundational ideas of a field.
/ˈrɪp.əl ɪˌfɛkt/
spreading effects from one event
A ripple effect is the spreading series of consequences caused by a single action. Speakers show how small acts create a ripple effect.
/ˈwɜːld.vjuː/
an overall way of seeing the world
A worldview is the overall set of beliefs and attitudes through which a person understands the world. Speakers can shift an audience's worldview.
/ˈkjʊə.ri.əs/
eager to know or learn
Someone curious is eager to learn or know more about things. A curious mind keeps asking why.
/ˈrɛz.ən.ənt/
deeply moving and echoing
Something resonant produces a deep, lasting effect or echo, especially emotionally. A resonant message lingers in the mind.
/ˌvɜː.tʃuˈoʊ.soʊ/
a highly skilled expert
A virtuoso is a person with outstanding skill, especially in a fine art such as music. Speakers use it for masters of any craft.
/ˌoʊ.pənˈhɑː.tɪd/
warm, kind, and sincere
Someone open-hearted is warm, kind, and willing to share their true feelings. Open-hearted leaders build deep trust.
/ˈblɒs.əm/
to develop and flourish
To blossom is to develop in a promising or healthy way, like a flower opening. Speakers describe how people blossom with support.
/ˈkɪn.ʃɪp/
a feeling of close connection
Kinship is a feeling of being close or connected to others, as if family. Speakers describe a kinship with strangers who share their values.
/ˈluː.mɪ.nəs/
glowing or brilliantly clear
Something luminous gives off or reflects light, or shines with brilliance and clarity. Speakers praise a luminous idea or performance.
/ˈjɜː.nɪŋ/
a deep, wistful longing
Yearning is a deep, often wistful longing for something. Speakers speak to our shared yearning for meaning.
/ˈmɑː.vəl/
to be filled with wonder
To marvel is to be filled with wonder or astonishment at something. Speakers invite audiences to marvel at nature and science.
/ˌkɒm.ən ˈɡraʊnd/
shared beliefs or interests
Common ground is a basis of shared interest or agreement between people who differ. Speakers urge us to find common ground.
/ˈæl.tru.ɪz.əm/
selfless concern for others
Altruism is unselfish concern for the welfare of others. Speakers explore whether true altruism really exists.
/ɪˈmɜː.dʒəns/
the process of coming into being
Emergence is the process of becoming visible or coming into existence. Speakers describe the emergence of new movements or ideas.
/ˈhoʊl.nəs/
the state of being complete
Wholeness is the state of being complete, unified, and undivided. Speakers describe a search for wholeness and inner peace.
ˈnɜːrvəs
worried or uneasy
Feeling anxious or apprehensive about something that might happen.
ˈnɜːrvəsli
in a worried manner
Doing something in a way that shows anxiety or unease.
ˈnɜːrvəsnəs
the state of being nervous
A feeling of worry or unease, often before an important event.
ˈæŋkʃəsli
in an anxious manner
Doing something while feeling worried or tense.
ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ
causing excitement
Making someone feel enthusiastic and eager; thrilling.
ˈfrʌstreɪtɪd
annoyed by being unable to do something
Feeling upset or discouraged because progress is blocked.
ˈfrʌstreɪtɪŋ
causing frustration
Making someone feel annoyed because something cannot be achieved.
ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ
causing embarrassment
Making someone feel awkward, ashamed, or self-conscious.
ɪmˈbærəsmənt
a feeling of shame or awkwardness
The uncomfortable feeling of being self-conscious or ashamed.
ˈdʒeləs
resentful of another's advantages
Feeling envy toward someone or fearful of losing affection.
ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti
the quality of being generous
The willingness to give freely and share with others.
ˈɒnəsti
the quality of being truthful
The trait of being honest, sincere, and free from deceit.
ˈpeɪʃəns
the ability to wait calmly
The capacity to accept delay or trouble without becoming upset.
ʃaɪ
timid in company
Feeling nervous or reserved around other people.
ˈʃaɪnəs
the state of being shy
A tendency to feel awkward or timid in social situations.
pəˈlaɪtnəs
courteous behaviour
The quality of being respectful and considerate toward others.
æmˈbɪʃəs
having a strong desire to succeed
Eager to achieve success, power, or important goals.
æmˈbɪʃən
a strong desire to achieve
A powerful wish to be successful or to reach a goal.
ˈkjʊəriəs
eager to know or learn
Having a strong desire to learn or discover something.
ˈtʃɪərfəl
happy and optimistic
Showing or feeling happiness in a noticeable, friendly way.
ˈtʃɪərfəlnəs
the state of being cheerful
A happy and positive disposition or mood.
ˈɡluːmi
sad or depressing
Feeling or expressing low spirits; also dark and dismal.
ˈmuːdi
having changeable moods
Tending to have sudden changes of mood, often bad-tempered.
tens
nervous and unable to relax
Feeling anxious or strained; unable to relax.
rɪˈlækst
free from tension
Feeling calm and at ease, without worry or stress.
ˈrestləs
unable to stay still or calm
Feeling unable to relax or stay quiet because of unease or boredom.
kənˈtent
satisfied and at peace
Feeling quietly happy and satisfied with what one has.
ˈmɪzərəbl
very unhappy
Feeling extremely unhappy or uncomfortable.
ˈmɪzəri
great unhappiness or suffering
A state of extreme distress, discomfort, or poverty.
dɪˈlaɪtɪd
very pleased
Feeling great pleasure or joy about something.
ˈfjʊəriəs
extremely angry
Feeling or showing very strong, intense anger.
ˈterɪfaɪd
extremely frightened
Feeling very great fear or terror.
ˈterɪfaɪɪŋ
causing terror
Making someone feel extreme fear.
θrɪld
extremely excited and pleased
Feeling a sudden wave of excitement and delight.
ˈθrɪlɪŋ
causing excitement
Producing a feeling of intense excitement.
ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd
sad because hopes were not met
Feeling unhappy because something hoped for did not happen.
ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ
failing to meet expectations
Not as good as hoped, causing a feeling of letdown.
ˈloʊnli
sad from being alone
Feeling unhappy because of being alone or without companions.
ˈhoʊmsɪk
missing one's home
Feeling sad because one is away from home and family.
ˈiːɡər
keen and enthusiastic
Wanting to do something very much; full of keen interest.
ˈiːɡərnəs
keen enthusiasm
A strong feeling of wanting to do something.
rɪˈlʌktənt
unwilling and hesitant
Not wanting to do something; hesitant.
rɪˈlʌktəns
unwillingness
A feeling of not wanting to do something.
ˈstʌbərn
refusing to change one's mind
Determined not to change an opinion or course of action.
ˈstʌbərnnəs
the quality of being stubborn
A refusal to change one's mind or behaviour.
ˈdʒentl
kind and soft in manner
Having a mild, tender, and considerate nature.
ˈdʒentlnəs
the quality of being gentle
A kind, tender, and mild manner toward others.
ˈhɑːrtfelt
deeply and sincerely felt
Expressing genuine, deep emotion from the heart.
sɪnˈserəti
the quality of being sincere
Honesty and genuineness in feeling or expression.
ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ
very great or intense
So strong or large that it is hard to cope with or resist.
kənˈfjuːzd
unable to understand
Feeling unable to think clearly or understand something.
ˈkɑːmli
in a calm manner
Doing something in a quiet, relaxed, and controlled way.
ˈkɑːmnəs
the state of being calm
A peaceful, relaxed condition free from agitation.
ˈkɒnfɪdəntli
in a confident manner
Doing something with self-assurance and certainty.
ˈθæŋkfəl
feeling or showing gratitude
Pleased and relieved; glad for something received.
ˈselfɪʃnəs
concern only for oneself
The trait of caring only about one's own needs and ignoring others.
ˈkaɪndnəs
the quality of being kind
Friendly, generous, and considerate behaviour toward others.
ˈkruːəlti
cruel behaviour
Behaviour that causes pain or suffering to others without pity.
ˈruːdnəs
impolite behaviour
The quality of being disrespectful or bad-mannered.
ˈlɔɪəlti
faithfulness and devotion
Strong support for or faithfulness to a person, group, or cause.
ˈdʒeləsli
in a jealous manner
Acting with envy or with anxious protectiveness.
ˈkjʊəriəsli
in a curious manner
With interest and a desire to know; also strangely.
ˈhoʊpləs
without hope
Feeling that there is no chance of improvement or success.
ˈwʌrid
feeling anxious about something
Feeling troubled or uneasy about a possible problem.
ˈwʌri
a feeling of anxiety
A troubled state of mind about possible problems; also the act of worrying.
skerd
frightened
Feeling fear or fright about something.
ˈskeri
causing fear
Frightening; making someone feel afraid.
əˈʃeɪmd
feeling shame
Feeling embarrassed or guilty about something one has done.
ˈɡɪlti
feeling responsible for wrongdoing
Feeling that one has done something wrong; also legally responsible.
ˈdʒɒli
happy and lively
Cheerful and full of good humour.
ˈmeri
cheerful and joyful
Happy and full of fun, often in a festive way.
ˈɡrʌmpi
bad-tempered
Easily annoyed and often complaining.
ˈɪrɪtəbl
easily annoyed
Quick to become angry or impatient.
ˈɒptɪmɪzəm
hopefulness about the future
A tendency to expect good outcomes and see the positive side.
ˈpesɪmɪzəm
expecting the worst
A tendency to see the negative side and expect bad outcomes.
əˈfekʃənət
showing fondness
Expressing warm feelings of love or fondness for others.
kəmˈpæʃənət
feeling sympathy for others
Showing concern and kindness for those who suffer.
ˈærəɡəns
excessive pride
An offensive attitude of superiority over others.
ˈmɒdəsti
a humble view of oneself
The quality of not boasting about one's abilities or achievements.
ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊər
lacking confidence
Feeling uncertain or anxious about oneself or one's abilities.
ˈtɪmɪd
lacking courage or confidence
Easily frightened and lacking boldness.
boʊld
brave and confident
Willing to take risks and act with confidence and courage.
ˈboʊldnəs
courage and confidence
The quality of being brave and willing to take risks.
ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk
full of excitement and interest
Showing intense enjoyment, interest, or approval.
ɪnˈdɪfrənt
having no interest or concern
Showing no interest, care, or sympathy.
ɪnˈdɪfrəns
lack of interest or concern
An attitude of having no feeling or care about something.
ˈsætɪsfaɪd
pleased with what one has
Feeling content because a need or wish has been met.
dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd
not pleased or content
Feeling unhappy because something is not good enough.
ˈhezɪtənt
slow to act due to uncertainty
Unsure and slow to decide or act.
dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd
firmly decided
Having made a firm decision and not letting anything stop you.
dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən
firmness of purpose
The quality of being resolved to do something despite difficulty.
ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk
showing understanding
Feeling or showing sympathy for another's troubles.
ˈsensətɪv
easily affected emotionally
Quick to feel or respond to emotions, often deeply.
ˈhɒstaɪl
unfriendly and aggressive
Showing strong opposition or dislike toward someone.
ˈfrendli
kind and pleasant
Behaving in a kind, warm, and welcoming way.
ˈæŋɡər
a strong feeling of displeasure
A powerful emotion of annoyance or hostility.
ˈsædnəs
the feeling of being unhappy
An emotion of sorrow or low spirits.
ˈhæpinəs
the feeling of being happy
A state of joy, contentment, or well-being.
ˈlʌvɪŋ
feeling or showing love
Full of warm affection for others.
ˈheɪtfəl
full of or causing hatred
Showing or arousing strong dislike or hostility.
praɪd
a feeling of satisfaction in achievement
A deep pleasure from one's own or another's accomplishments; can also mean excessive self-regard.
ɡriːf
deep sorrow
Intense sadness, especially caused by someone's death or loss.
ˈsɒroʊ
a feeling of deep sadness
Mental suffering caused by loss, disappointment, or regret.
ˈdʒɔɪfəl
full of joy
Feeling, expressing, or causing great happiness.
ˈfraɪtnd
afraid
Feeling fear or alarm.
ˈfraɪtnɪŋ
causing fear
Making someone feel afraid.
əˈmeɪzd
greatly surprised
Filled with wonder or astonishment.
əˈmeɪzɪŋ
causing great wonder
Extremely surprising or impressive.
əˈstɒnɪʃt
very surprised
Greatly surprised or shocked.
əˈstɒnɪʃmənt
great surprise
A feeling of overwhelming surprise or amazement.
ɪmˈpeɪʃənt
unable to wait calmly
Easily annoyed by delay; not patient.
ɪmˈpeɪʃəns
the inability to wait calmly
A feeling of restless annoyance at having to wait.
ˈselfləs
putting others first
Caring more about others' needs than one's own.
ˈɡriːdi
wanting more than one needs
Having a strong, selfish desire for more food, money, or power.
ɡriːd
intense selfish desire
A strong and selfish desire for more wealth, food, or power.
ˌhɑːrdˈwɜːrkɪŋ
putting in great effort
Working with energy and commitment; diligent.
ˈleɪzi
unwilling to work
Not wanting to work or make an effort.
ˈleɪzinəs
unwillingness to work
The quality of being unwilling to make an effort.
ˈdɪlɪdʒənt
careful and hard-working
Showing steady, careful effort in one's work.
ˈdɪlɪdʒəns
careful and persistent effort
Steady, conscientious effort in a task or duty.
ˈθɔːtfəl
considerate of others
Showing care for others' needs; also deep in thought.
ˈθɔːtləs
not considering others
Acting without thinking of the effect on others.
kənˈsɪdərət
thinking of others' feelings
Careful not to cause inconvenience or hurt to others.
ˈtʃiːki
playfully rude or bold
Slightly rude or disrespectful in a way that is often amusing.
ˈwɪti
clever and amusing
Able to say clever and funny things.
ˌʌnəˈsuːmɪŋ
modest and not pretentious
Not boastful or arrogant; quietly modest.
ˈenviəs
feeling envy
Wanting something that someone else has.
rɪˈzentmənt
bitter indignation
A feeling of anger about being treated unfairly.
dɪsˈɡʌst
a feeling of strong dislike
A strong feeling of revulsion or disapproval.
dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ
causing disgust
Extremely unpleasant; causing revulsion.
sərˈpraɪz
an unexpected event or feeling
A feeling caused by something unexpected; also the event itself.
ˈhoʊpfəlnəs
a feeling of hope
A positive expectation that good things will happen.
dɪˈspeərɪŋ
showing loss of hope
Feeling or showing a complete loss of hope.
ˈkʌmftəbl
feeling at ease
Free from worry, pain, or constraint; relaxed.
ʌnˈkʌmftəbl
feeling uneasy
Not at ease in body or mind; awkward or anxious.
ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs
nervous about how others see you
Feeling awkward and overly aware of oneself in front of others.
ˈsnɒbɪʃ
looking down on others
Believing oneself superior and despising those of lower status.
ˈʌpbiːt
cheerful and positive
Feeling or showing optimism and good cheer.
ˈdaʊnkɑːst
feeling sad or low
Feeling discouraged or unhappy; looking downward.
ˌædəˈreɪʃən
deep love and respect
A feeling of deep love, admiration, or worship.
ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd
alone and separated
Feeling alone and cut off from others.
ˌwɔːrmˈhɑːrtɪd
kind and affectionate
Having a kind, sympathetic, and generous nature.
ˌkoʊldˈhɑːrtɪd
unfeeling and unkind
Showing no warmth, sympathy, or kindness toward others.
əˈnɔɪd
slightly angry
Feeling mild irritation or displeasure.
əˈnɔɪɪŋ
causing irritation
Making someone feel slightly angry or impatient.
ˈpæʃənət
showing strong feelings
Having or showing intense emotion or enthusiasm.
sɪˈriːn
calm and peaceful
Untroubled and tranquil in mood or appearance.
ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd
nervous and troubled
Feeling or showing anxiety and restlessness.
ɡlæd
pleased and happy
Feeling pleasure or happiness about something.
ʌpˈset
unhappy or distressed
Feeling worried, sad, or annoyed about something.
rɪˈliːvd
free from worry or fear
Feeling glad because a worry or danger has passed.
ˈpʌzld
unable to understand something
Confused because something is hard to understand.
ˌselfəˈʃʊərd
confident in oneself
Having confidence in one's own abilities or worth.
ˈkeərɪŋ
kind and concerned for others
Showing concern, kindness, and attention to others' needs.
ˈtrʌstwɜːrði
able to be relied on
Deserving of trust because one is honest and reliable.
kəˈreɪdʒəs
showing courage
Brave and willing to face danger or difficulty.
ˈfɪərləs
without fear
Showing no fear; very brave.
ɪˈmoʊʃənl
having strong feelings
Easily affected by or showing strong feelings.
ɪˈmoʊʃən
a strong feeling
A strong mental and physical feeling such as joy, fear, or anger.
muːd
a temporary state of mind
A person's emotional state at a particular time.
ˈtempər
a tendency to become angry
A person's state of mind, especially the tendency to become angry.
ˈkɔːʃəs
careful to avoid danger
Careful to avoid problems or risks.
ˈrekləs
acting without thinking of danger
Showing a careless lack of concern about risks.
pəˈzesɪv
wanting to control or keep someone
Demanding total attention or control over someone.
ˈkʌmfərt
a feeling of ease or relief
A state of physical ease or relief from distress; also consolation.
ˈpɪti
sympathy for suffering
A feeling of sorrow caused by another's misfortune.
ˈloʊðɪŋ
intense dislike
A feeling of strong hatred or disgust.
ˈtendər
gentle and loving
Showing gentleness, kindness, and affection.
ˈbɪtər
angry and hurt over the past
Feeling lasting anger or disappointment about something unfair.
tʃɪər
happiness and good spirits
A feeling of happiness; also a shout of encouragement.
dred
great fear of something coming
A strong fear or anxiety about something that may happen.
ˈwɪʃfəl
hoping for something unlikely
Having or expressing a hope or desire, often unrealistic.
ˈtɪərfəl
crying or close to crying
Filled with or shedding tears; very sad.
ˈpleɪfəl
full of fun and good humour
Fond of games and amusement; lighthearted.
ˈsɪəriəs
thoughtful and not joking
Solemn or thoughtful in manner; not lighthearted.
ˌiːziˈɡoʊɪŋ
relaxed and tolerant
Calm, tolerant, and not easily upset.
ˈedʒi
tense and irritable
Nervous, anxious, or quick to become annoyed.
ɪˈleɪtɪd
extremely happy and excited
Filled with great joy and high spirits.
dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd
having lost confidence or hope
Feeling less hopeful or enthusiastic about something.
ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒd
given confidence or hope
Feeling more hopeful or confident because of support.
ˈwɪstfəl
sadly thoughtful
Having a feeling of vague or gentle longing.
məˈdʒestɪk
grand and dignified
Showing impressive beauty, dignity, or grandeur.
ʃɒkt
very surprised and upset
Feeling sudden, strong surprise, distress, or disgust.
ˈʃɒkɪŋ
causing shock
Causing strong surprise, distress, or disgust.
kənˈsiːtɪd
too proud of oneself
Having an excessively high opinion of oneself.
kəmˈpoʊzd
calm and in control
Calm and showing no nervousness or agitation.
kəmˈpoʊʒər
calm self-control
The state of being calm and in control of one's feelings.
ˈsoʊʃəbl
enjoying the company of others
Friendly and fond of being with other people.
rɪˈzɜːrvd
quiet and not sharing feelings
Slow to show feelings or opinions; restrained.
ˈaʊtɡoʊɪŋ
friendly and confident with people
Sociable, open, and comfortable meeting new people.
ˌɡʊdˈneɪtʃərd
kind and friendly by nature
Having a pleasant, kind, and tolerant character.
ˌbædˈtempərd
easily angered
Often angry, irritable, or unpleasant in mood.
fɒnd
having a liking for someone
Feeling affection or liking for someone or something.
ˈjɜːrnɪŋ
a strong, deep desire
An intense, often wistful longing for something or someone.
ʌnˈiːzi
slightly worried or anxious
Feeling anxious, uncomfortable, or troubled.
ɪkˈsaɪtəbl
easily excited
Quick to become enthusiastic, nervous, or emotional.
ˈkeərfriː
free from worry
Having no worries or responsibilities; lighthearted.
ˌmelənˈkɒlɪk
deeply and thoughtfully sad
Feeling or expressing a gentle, lasting sadness.
traɪˈʌmfənt
feeling great success and joy
Feeling or showing joy after a victory or achievement.
ˈtɪmərəs
easily frightened
Showing or feeling a lack of courage; nervous and fearful.
ˌriːəˈʃʊərd
feeling less worried
Made to feel calm and free from doubt or fear.
ˈspaɪtfəl
wanting to hurt others
Showing a desire to harm or annoy others out of ill will.
ˈtʃærɪtəbl
generous and kind to others
Willing to give help, money, or kindness to those in need.
ˈtruːθfəl
telling the truth
Habitually telling the truth; not lying.
veɪn
too proud of one's appearance
Having excessive pride in one's looks or abilities.
ˈtræŋkwɪl
calm and peaceful
Free from disturbance; quiet and peaceful.
ˈwɪəri
very tired or fed up
Feeling tired, often from too much effort or boredom.
smʌɡ
too pleased with oneself
Showing irritating self-satisfaction.
fərˈɡɪvɪŋ
willing to forgive
Ready to stop feeling angry toward someone for a fault.
ˌæprɪˈhensɪv
worried about the future
Anxious or fearful that something bad will happen.
ˈblɪsfəl
extremely happy and peaceful
Full of perfect, peaceful happiness.
ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd
slightly angry and impatient
Feeling annoyed and slightly angry.
hɪˈroʊɪk
very brave
Showing great courage, like a hero.
dɪˈdʒektɪd
sad and discouraged
Feeling low in spirits; downhearted.
ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv
eager to learn or know
Curious and keen to find out about things.
əkˈseptɪŋ
willing to accept others
Ready to receive people or ideas without judgement.
/briːð/
take air in and out of the lungs
To move air into and out of the lungs. It is one of the most basic actions the body does to stay alive.
/ˈbriːðɪŋ/
the act of taking air in and out
The process or action of moving air in and out of the lungs. It can also describe the sound or pattern of this action.
/briːðd/
past tense of breathe
The past tense of 'breathe'. It describes having taken air into and out of the lungs.
/swɛt/
salty liquid from the skin
The salty liquid that comes out of the skin when a person is hot, nervous, or working hard. It can also be a verb meaning to produce this liquid.
/sniːz/
suddenly blow air out of the nose
To suddenly and noisily push air out through the nose and mouth, often because of dust, a cold, or an allergy. It can also be a noun for this action.
/kɒf/
push air out of the throat noisily
To force air out of the throat with a sudden sharp sound, often when ill or when something irritates the throat. It can also be a noun.
/jɔːn/
open the mouth wide when tired
To open the mouth wide and breathe in deeply, usually when tired or bored. It can also be a noun for this action.
/blɪŋk/
close and open the eyes quickly
To shut and open the eyes very quickly, usually without thinking about it. It can also be a noun for this quick movement.
/ˈswɒloʊ/
make food or drink go down the throat
To make food, drink, or saliva pass from the mouth down into the throat and stomach. It can also be a noun.
/tʃuː/
crush food with the teeth
To bite and crush food with the teeth before swallowing it. It can also describe biting on something repeatedly.
/baɪt/
cut into something with the teeth
To use the teeth to cut into food or another object. It can also be a noun for a small piece taken or a wound from teeth.
/skrætʃ/
rub the skin with nails to stop itching
To rub the skin with the fingernails, often to stop an itch. It can also mean to make a thin mark on a surface, or be a noun for such a mark.
/strɛtʃ/
reach out the body to make it longer
To make the body or part of it longer by reaching out, often to feel more comfortable. It can also mean to pull something so it becomes longer or wider.
/bɛnd/
move the body or an object into a curve
To move part of the body into a curved shape, or to force a straight object to curve. It can also be a noun for a curved part, such as in a road.
/niːl/
go down on the knees
To lower the body so that one or both knees rest on the ground. People kneel to pray, propose, or reach something low.
/hʌɡ/
hold someone closely in the arms
To put the arms around someone and hold them close, usually to show love or comfort. It can also be a noun for this action.
/kɪs/
touch with the lips to show love
To touch someone or something with the lips, usually to show love or greeting. It can also be a noun for this touch.
/wɪŋk/
close one eye quickly as a signal
To close and open one eye quickly, usually to send a friendly or secret signal. It can also be a noun for this action.
/eɪk/
a continuous dull pain
A continuous, dull pain in part of the body. It can also be a verb meaning to feel such a pain.
/sɔːr/
painful, especially when touched
Feeling pain or discomfort, especially when touched or used. It can also be a noun for a painful spot on the skin.
/ˈdɪzi/
feeling like things are spinning
Feeling unsteady, as if everything is spinning and you might fall. It often happens when tired, sick, or after spinning around.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
extremely tired
Extremely tired, with no energy left. It usually follows hard work or a lack of rest.
/ˈfiːbəl/
very weak; lacking strength
Lacking physical strength, often because of illness or old age. It can also describe a weak effort or argument.
/rɪˈkʌvər/
get well again after illness
To return to good health after being ill or hurt, or to get something back that was lost. It often takes time and rest.
/hiːl/
make or become healthy again
To make a wound or sick person healthy again, or for an injury to become well by itself. It often happens slowly over time.
/ˈhiːlɪŋ/
the process of becoming healthy
The process of becoming healthy again after injury or illness. It can also be used as an adjective describing something that helps this process.
/ˈɪndʒər/
hurt or harm the body
To cause harm or damage to the body of a person or animal. It often happens in accidents or sports.
/ˈɪndʒəri/
harm or damage to the body
Harm or damage done to a part of the body. It can be small, like a cut, or serious, like a broken bone.
/bruːz/
a dark mark on the skin from a knock
A dark blue or purple mark on the skin caused by a knock or fall. It can also be a verb meaning to cause or get such a mark.
/swɛl/
become larger than normal
To become larger or rounder than normal, often because of injury, illness, or pressure. It can also be a noun for rising sea water.
/ˈswoʊlən/
larger than normal due to injury or illness
Made larger and rounder than usual, often because of injury or illness. It is the past participle of 'swell' used as a description.
/ˈpeɪnfəl/
causing pain
Causing physical or emotional pain. It describes something that hurts.
/tʃɒp/
cut into pieces with a sharp tool
To cut something into pieces with quick, heavy strokes of a knife or axe. In cooking it usually means cutting food into small pieces.
/slaɪs/
cut into thin flat pieces
To cut something into thin, flat pieces. It can also be a noun for one of these thin pieces.
/piːl/
remove the outer skin of food
To remove the outer skin or covering from fruit or vegetables. It can also be a noun for the skin itself.
/fraɪ/
cook food in hot oil
To cook food in hot oil or fat in a pan. It usually gives food a crisp surface.
/beɪk/
cook food in an oven
To cook food using dry heat in an oven, especially bread, cakes, and pastries. It can also describe the sun hardening the ground.
/roʊst/
cook with dry heat in an oven or fire
To cook meat or vegetables with dry heat, usually in an oven or over a fire. It can also be a noun for a roasted piece of meat.
/ɡrɪl/
cook food over direct heat
To cook food on metal bars over or under direct heat. It can also be a noun for the cooking device itself.
/mɪks/
combine different things together
To combine two or more things so they become one. It can also be a noun for the combined result.
/ˈtæŋi/
having a sharp, pleasant, slightly sour taste
Having a strong, sharp, slightly sour but pleasant taste or smell. It often describes citrus fruit, vinegar dressings, or certain cheeses.
/ˈkrʌntʃi/
hard and noisy when bitten
Firm and making a sharp noise when bitten or crushed. It often describes fresh vegetables, nuts, or crisp snacks.
/ˈdʒuːsi/
full of juice
Containing a lot of juice and pleasant to eat. It often describes ripe fruit or well-cooked meat.
/ˈrɒtən/
decayed and no longer good to eat
Decayed or gone bad, especially food that is no longer safe to eat. It can also describe something very bad in general.
/steɪl/
no longer fresh
No longer fresh, especially bread or other food that has become dry or hard. It can also describe air or ideas that are no longer new.
/ˈteɪsti/
having a good flavor
Having a pleasant flavor and good to eat. It is a common, friendly way to praise food.
/dɪˈlɪʃəs/
extremely pleasant to taste
Having a very pleasant taste or smell. It is a strong word of praise for food and drink.
/bluːm/
produce flowers
To produce flowers, or for flowers to open. It can also be a noun meaning a flower or the state of flowering.
/mɛlt/
change from solid to liquid with heat
To change from a solid to a liquid because of heat, like ice turning to water. It can also describe feelings softening.
/friːz/
turn to ice from cold
To become hard and solid, or to turn to ice, because of cold. It can also mean to stop moving suddenly.
/froʊz/
past tense of freeze
The past tense of 'freeze'. It describes how something turned to ice or stopped suddenly.
/floʊ/
move steadily like a liquid
To move along smoothly and steadily, like water in a river. It can also be a noun for this steady movement.
/drɪp/
fall in small drops
To fall slowly in small drops, or to let liquid fall this way. It can also be a noun for a falling drop.
/ʃaɪn/
give out bright light
To give out or reflect bright light. It can also mean to do something very well or to be excellent.
/ɡloʊ/
give out soft steady light
To give out a soft, steady light without flames. It can also be a noun for this gentle light or warmth.
/briːz/
a gentle wind
A light, gentle wind. It can also mean something very easy to do.
/ˈdrɪzəl/
light, fine rain
Light rain made of very small drops. As a verb it can also mean to pour a thin stream of liquid over food.
/ˈfɒɡi/
full of fog; hard to see through
Full of fog, so that it is hard to see far. It can also describe a mind that is not thinking clearly.
/ˈklaʊdi/
covered with clouds
Having many clouds in the sky, so there is little sunshine. It can also describe a liquid that is not clear.
/ˈsʌni/
bright with sunshine
Full of bright sunshine, with few or no clouds. It can also describe a cheerful, happy mood.
/ˈwɪndi/
with a lot of wind
Having a lot of wind. It describes weather where the air moves strongly.
/ˈmʌdi/
covered with or full of mud
Covered with or full of mud, which is wet, soft earth. It can also describe water or ideas that are not clear.
/ˈdʌsti/
covered with dust
Covered with or full of dust, which is tiny dry particles of dirt. It often describes places that have not been cleaned.
/brɛθ/
air taken into and out of the lungs
The air that you take into and let out of your lungs. It can also mean a single act of breathing.
/krɪsp/
firm, dry and easily broken
Firm and dry, breaking easily with a pleasant sound. It can also describe cool, fresh air or clear, neat speech.
/ˈswɒloʊd/
past tense of swallow
The past tense of 'swallow'. It describes having made food, drink, or saliva go down the throat.
/tʃuːd/
past tense of chew
The past tense of 'chew'. It describes having crushed food with the teeth.
/sniːzd/
past tense of sneeze
The past tense of 'sneeze'. It describes having suddenly blown air out of the nose.
/kɒft/
past tense of cough
The past tense of 'cough'. It describes having pushed air out of the throat noisily.
/jɔːnd/
past tense of yawn
The past tense of 'yawn'. It describes having opened the mouth wide while tired or bored.
/blɪŋkt/
past tense of blink
The past tense of 'blink'. It describes having quickly closed and opened the eyes.
/strɛtʃt/
past tense of stretch
The past tense of 'stretch'. It describes having reached out the body or pulled something to make it longer.
/hʌɡd/
past tense of hug
The past tense of 'hug'. It describes having held someone closely in the arms.
/klɛntʃ/
close tightly, as a fist or teeth
To close part of the body tightly, such as making a fist or pressing the teeth together, often from anger, fear, or effort. It can also be a noun for this tight hold.
/tʃɒpt/
past tense of chop
The past tense of 'chop'. It describes having cut something into pieces with quick strokes. It is also used as an adjective for cut food.
/slaɪst/
past tense of slice
The past tense of 'slice'. It describes having cut something into thin flat pieces, and is often used as an adjective.
/piːld/
past tense of peel
The past tense of 'peel'. It describes having removed the outer skin from fruit or vegetables.
/ˈmærɪneɪt/
soak food in a flavored liquid
To soak meat, fish, or vegetables in a flavored liquid before cooking, so they take in the flavor and become tender. The liquid is called a marinade.
/mɪns/
cut food into very small pieces
To cut food, especially meat, garlic, or herbs, into very small pieces. As a noun it can mean finely cut meat.
/ˈɡɑːrnɪʃ/
decorate food with a small addition
To decorate a dish with a small amount of food, such as a herb or a slice of lemon, to make it look attractive. It can also be a noun for the decoration.
/mɪkst/
past tense of mix
The past tense of 'mix'. It describes having combined things together, and is often used as an adjective.
/bluːmd/
past tense of bloom
The past tense of 'bloom'. It describes how flowers opened or how something developed well.
/ˈmɛltɪd/
past tense of melt
The past tense of 'melt'. It describes how a solid turned into liquid because of heat.
/floʊd/
past tense of flow
The past tense of 'flow'. It describes how a liquid or other thing moved along smoothly and steadily.
/ʃɒn/
past tense of shine
The past tense of 'shine'. It describes how something gave out or reflected bright light, or did something very well.
/ˈzɛsti/
having a fresh, sharp, lively flavor
Having a fresh, sharp, lively flavor, often from citrus or spices. It can also describe an energetic, lively quality.
/ˈsmoʊki/
having the taste or smell of smoke
Having the taste, smell, or look of smoke. It often describes grilled or smoked foods, or air filled with smoke.
/ˈstɑːrtʃi/
containing a lot of starch
Containing a lot of starch, the substance found in foods like potatoes, rice, and bread. Such foods are filling and give energy.
/ˈθʌndərstɔːrm/
a storm with thunder and lightning
A storm with thunder, lightning, and usually heavy rain. It often comes with strong wind.
/ˈfriːzɪŋ/
extremely cold
Extremely cold, cold enough to turn water to ice. It is often used to say it is very cold.
/ˈmɛltɪŋ/
becoming liquid from heat
In the process of turning from solid to liquid because of heat. It can also describe something very tender or touching.
/ˈɡloʊɪŋ/
giving out a soft steady light
Giving out a soft, steady light or warmth. It can also describe very positive praise or healthy-looking skin.
/ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/
giving out bright light
Giving out or reflecting bright light. It can also describe something excellent or admirable.
/ˈfloʊɪŋ/
moving smoothly and continuously
Moving along smoothly and continuously, like water. It can also describe loose, graceful clothing or hair.
/ˈdrɪpɪŋ/
falling or very wet with drops
Falling in drops, or so wet that drops are falling off. It emphasizes that something is thoroughly wet.
/ˈswɛti/
covered with sweat
Covered with or smelling of sweat. It usually follows exercise, heat, or nervousness.
/ɪtʃ/
an uncomfortable feeling on the skin
An uncomfortable feeling on the skin that makes you want to scratch it. It can also be a verb meaning to have this feeling.
/ˈɪtʃi/
causing or feeling an itch
Feeling an itch, or causing one. It describes skin or clothing that makes you want to scratch.
/rʌb/
move a hand back and forth on a surface
To move your hand or an object back and forth against a surface with pressure. It can also be a noun for this action.
/lɪmp/
walk unevenly because of an injury
To walk in an uneven way because one leg or foot hurts. It can also be a noun for this kind of walk, or an adjective meaning soft and weak.
/feɪnt/
lose consciousness for a short time
To suddenly lose consciousness for a short time, usually because of heat, shock, or lack of food. As an adjective it means weak or hard to see or hear.
/ˈʃɪvər/
shake slightly from cold or fear
To shake slightly and uncontrollably, usually because of cold or fear. It can also be a noun for this shaking.
/ˈtrɛmbəl/
shake slightly, often from fear
To shake slightly and without control, often because of fear, cold, or weakness. It can also be a noun for this shaking.
/suːð/
make pain or worry less; calm
To make someone feel calmer, or to make pain or discomfort less. It is often used for comforting a person or easing a sore part of the body.
/ˈrɛmədi/
a cure or treatment for an illness
Something that cures an illness or solves a problem, such as a medicine or treatment. As a verb it means to put something right.
/ˈfiːvərɪʃ/
having or showing a fever
Having a fever, or feeling hot and unwell because of one. It can also describe very excited, restless activity.
/ˈkwiːzi/
feeling sick in the stomach
Feeling slightly sick in the stomach, as if you might vomit. It can also describe an uneasy, worried feeling.
/stɪŋ/
cause a sharp burning pain
To cause a sharp, burning pain, as an insect, plant, or wound can. It can also be a noun for this pain or for the part that stings.
/twɪst/
turn something around or injure by turning
To turn something around or bend it out of shape, or to injure a joint by turning it suddenly. It can also be a noun for a turn or an unexpected change.
/ræʃ/
red spots or patches on the skin
An area of red, often itchy spots or patches on the skin, caused by illness or an allergy. As an adjective it means done too quickly without thought.
/θrɒb/
beat or hurt with a strong rhythm
To beat or hurt with a strong, steady rhythm, like a heart or a painful wound. It can also be a noun for this beating.
/nʌm/
unable to feel anything
Unable to feel anything, usually because of cold or pressure. It can also describe a lack of strong emotion.
/stiːm/
cook food using hot water vapor
To cook food using the hot vapor that rises from boiling water. It can also be a noun for this vapor.
/ɡreɪt/
rub food into small pieces on a tool
To rub food such as cheese or carrots against a rough metal tool to break it into small pieces. It can also be a noun for a metal frame.
/niːd/
press and fold dough with the hands
To press, fold, and stretch dough with the hands to make it smooth, usually when making bread. It can also mean to press muscles.
/wɪsk/
beat liquid quickly to mix in air
To beat eggs, cream, or other liquid quickly so that air is mixed in. It can also be a noun for the kitchen tool used to do this.
/ˈsɪmər/
cook gently just below boiling
To cook food slowly in liquid that is hot but just below boiling. It can also describe a feeling, like anger, that stays under the surface.
/ˈkriːmi/
smooth and rich like cream
Smooth, thick, and rich, like cream. It describes the pleasant texture of certain foods and drinks.
/ˈɡriːsi/
covered with or full of oil or fat
Covered with or containing a lot of oil or fat. It often describes fried food or oily skin and hair.
/blænd/
having little flavor
Having little or no strong flavor. It can also describe something dull or without interest.
/ˈseɪvəri/
salty or spicy rather than sweet
Having a salty, spicy, or meaty taste rather than a sweet one. It describes foods like soups, cheese, and meat dishes.
/ˈtʃuːi/
needing a lot of chewing
Needing a lot of chewing because it is soft but not easy to break apart. It often describes certain breads, sweets, or meats.
/ˈraɪpən/
become ripe and ready to eat
To become ripe, or to make fruit become ripe and ready to eat. It happens as fruit grows softer and sweeter.
/ˌoʊvərˈraɪp/
too ripe and beginning to spoil
Too ripe, so that the fruit has become soft, mushy, and is starting to go bad. It is past the best stage for eating.
/ˈfrɒsti/
very cold with a thin layer of ice
Very cold, with a thin white layer of frost. It can also describe an unfriendly, cold manner.
/ˈstɔːrmi/
with strong wind, rain, or thunder
Marked by strong wind, rain, or thunder. It can also describe an angry, troubled situation.
/ˈmɪsti/
covered with light mist
Covered with a light mist, so the air looks slightly white and it is hard to see far. It can also describe eyes filling with tears.
/ˈaɪsi/
covered with ice; very cold
Covered with ice or extremely cold. It can also describe a very cold, unfriendly manner.
/ˈsændi/
covered with or full of sand
Covered with or containing a lot of sand. It often describes beaches, deserts, and soil.
/ˈrɒki/
covered with or full of rocks
Covered with or made of many rocks. It can also describe a difficult, unstable situation.
/ˈliːfi/
having many leaves
Having many leaves, or with many trees and plants. It often describes green, pleasant places.
/θɔː/
become unfrozen as it warms
To become soft or liquid again after being frozen, as ice or frozen food does when it warms. It can also be a noun for a warmer period.
/spraʊt/
begin to grow; produce shoots
To begin to grow, especially when a plant produces new shoots or a seed starts to grow. It can also be a noun for a young shoot.
/ˈwɪðər/
dry up and shrink, as a plant
To become dry, weak, and shrunken, as a plant does when it lacks water. It can also describe something that fades or weakens.
/ˈblɒsəm/
the flower of a fruit tree or plant
The flower of a tree or plant, especially one that produces fruit. As a verb it means to produce flowers or to develop well.
/ˈraɪpənɪŋ/
becoming ripe
In the process of becoming ripe and ready to eat. It describes fruit and grain growing softer, sweeter, or fuller.
/ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ/
raining lightly in fine drops
Raining lightly with very small drops. It can also describe pouring a thin stream of liquid over food.
/ˈswɛtɪŋ/
producing sweat from the skin
Producing sweat from the skin, usually because of heat, effort, or nervousness. It is the present participle of 'sweat'.
/ˈbrɛθləs/
having difficulty breathing; out of breath
Having trouble breathing, usually after effort, or so excited that you forget to breathe normally. It describes being out of breath.
/ɪnˈheɪl/
breathe air or smoke in
To breathe air, smoke, or a smell into the lungs. It is the opposite of 'exhale'.
/ɛksˈheɪl/
breathe air out
To breathe air out of the lungs. It is the opposite of 'inhale'.
/lɪm/
an arm or a leg of the body
An arm or leg of a person or animal. It can also mean a large branch of a tree.
/dʒɔɪnt/
a place where two bones meet
A place in the body where two bones meet and allow movement, such as the knee or elbow. It can also describe a place where two parts join.
/spreɪn/
injure a joint by twisting it
To injure a joint, such as the ankle or wrist, by twisting it suddenly so that it hurts and swells. It can also be a noun for this injury.
/mæʃt/
crushed into a soft mass
Crushed and mixed into a soft, smooth mass, especially cooked vegetables. It is the past tense of 'mash' and is often used as an adjective.
/poʊtʃ/
cook gently in simmering liquid
To cook food, such as eggs or fish, gently in liquid that is hot but not boiling. It can also mean to catch animals illegally.
/ˈsɪzəl/
make a hissing sound when frying
To make a hissing sound, like food cooking in hot oil or fat. It can also be a noun for this sound.
/ˈtoʊstɪd/
browned by heat, as bread
Made brown and crisp by heat, especially bread. It is the past tense of 'toast' and is often used as an adjective.
/ˈfrɛʃli/
recently and newly
Recently and in a new, fresh way. It is often used before past participles to show something was just done.
/ˈkrɪspi/
pleasantly firm and crunchy
Pleasantly firm and crunchy, especially on the outside after cooking. It often describes fried or baked food.
/ˈsɒɡi/
wet and soft in an unpleasant way
Heavy with water and unpleasantly soft, often when food has soaked up too much liquid. It can also describe wet ground.
/njuːˈtrɪʃəs/
full of substances that keep you healthy
Containing substances that the body needs to stay healthy and grow. It describes food that is good for you.
/ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/
making you want to eat
Looking or smelling so good that it makes you want to eat. It describes attractive food.
/ˈsiːzənd/
flavored with salt, herbs, or spices
Given flavor by adding salt, herbs, or spices. It is the past tense of 'season' and can also describe an experienced person.
/ˈtʃɪli/
cold enough to be uncomfortable
Cold enough to be uncomfortable, but not freezing. It can also describe an unfriendly manner.
/dæmp/
slightly wet
Slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way. It can also be a verb meaning to make something slightly wet or to reduce.
/draɪ/
without water or moisture
Without water or moisture. It can also be a verb meaning to remove water, or describe weather without rain.
/wɔːrmθ/
the quality of being warm
The quality or feeling of being warm, with pleasant heat. It can also describe kind, friendly feelings.
/tʃɪl/
an unpleasant feeling of cold
An unpleasant feeling of cold. As a verb it means to make something cold or, informally, to relax.
/ˈdeɪlaɪt/
the natural light of day
The natural light that we have during the day, before it gets dark. It can also mean the time when it is light.
/ˈreɪndrɒp/
a single drop of rain
A single drop of water that falls as rain. Many raindrops together make a shower or storm.
/ˈsnoʊfleɪk/
a single piece of falling snow
A single small, soft piece of ice that falls as snow, often with a delicate star shape. Each one is said to be unique.
/ˈsʌnlaɪt/
the light from the sun
The natural light that comes from the sun. Plants need it to grow and it lights the day.
/ˈmuːnlaɪt/
the light from the moon
The soft light that comes from the moon at night. As a verb it can mean to do a second job, often secretly.
/ʃeɪd/
an area out of direct sunlight
An area that is darker and cooler because something blocks the sunlight. It can also mean a small difference in color.
/ˈbriːzi/
pleasantly windy
Having a pleasant, light wind. It can also describe a cheerful, relaxed manner.
/ˈaɪsɪkəl/
a hanging spike of ice
A long, thin, pointed piece of ice that hangs down, formed when dripping water freezes. They often hang from roofs or branches in cold weather.
/ˈswɛlɪŋ/
a part of the body that has grown larger
A place on the body that has become larger than normal because of injury or illness. It can also be a verb form of 'swell'.
/wuːnd/
an injury where the skin is cut or broken
An injury to the body in which the skin is cut, torn, or broken. As a verb it means to cause such an injury.
/skɑːr/
a mark left on the skin after a wound heals
A mark that stays on the skin after a wound has healed. It can also describe lasting emotional harm.
/ˈblɪstər/
a small bubble on the skin filled with liquid
A small, raised bubble on the skin filled with clear liquid, often caused by rubbing or burning. As a verb it means to form such bubbles.
/snɪf/
breathe in quickly through the nose
To breathe in quickly and audibly through the nose, often to smell something or because of a cold. It can also be a noun for this action.
/fraʊn/
wrinkle the brow to show displeasure
To wrinkle the area above the eyes to show that you are unhappy, angry, or thinking hard. It can also be a noun for this expression.
/nɒd/
move the head down to agree
To move the head down and up to show agreement or as a greeting. It can also be a noun for this movement.
/klæp/
hit the hands together to show approval
To hit the palms of your hands together, usually to show that you like something. It can also be a noun for this sound.
/krɔːl/
move on hands and knees
To move slowly along the ground on the hands and knees, as a baby does. It can also describe moving very slowly.
/liːn/
bend or rest the body to one side
To bend or move the body so that it rests against something or tilts to one side. As an adjective it can mean thin or with little fat.
/ɡrɪp/
hold something tightly
To hold something firmly and tightly with the hands. It can also be a noun for a firm hold or control.
/sɪp/
drink in small amounts
To drink something slowly, taking only small amounts at a time. It can also be a noun for a small drink.
/ɡʌlp/
swallow large amounts quickly
To swallow food or drink quickly in large amounts. It can also be a noun for a big swallow, or describe swallowing from fear.
/ˈfleɪvərfəl/
having a strong, pleasant taste
Having a strong and pleasant taste. It describes food that is full of flavor.
/maɪld/
not strong, sharp, or severe
Not strong, sharp, or harsh; gentle in flavor, weather, or feeling. It is often used for food that is not spicy and for pleasant weather.
/ˈfrɒstɪd/
covered with frost or a sugar coating
Covered with a thin white layer of frost, or with a sweet sugar coating. It is used for cold windows and for decorated cakes.
/ˈoʊvərkæst/
covered with grey clouds
Covered with grey clouds, so that there is no sunshine. It describes a dull, cloudy sky.
/ɡʌst/
a sudden strong rush of wind
A sudden, strong rush of wind. It often comes and goes quickly during windy weather.
/ˈpʌdəl/
a small pool of water on the ground
A small pool of water lying on the ground, usually after rain. Children often like to jump in puddles.
/ˈnɪbəl/
take small bites of food
To eat something by taking small, gentle bites. It can also be a noun for a small bite or snack.
/skwiːz/
press firmly to get liquid or fit in
To press something firmly, often to get liquid out or to fit it into a small space. It can also be a noun for a tight press or hug.
/tɑːrt/
having a sharp, sour taste
Having a sharp, sour taste, like unripe fruit or lemon. As a noun it can also mean a small open pastry with a sweet or savory filling.
/rɪns/
wash with clean water
To wash something quickly with clean water, often to remove soap or dirt. It can also be a noun for this action.
/soʊk/
leave in liquid to become wet through
To leave something in liquid for a while so it becomes completely wet or soft. It can also mean to absorb liquid.
/spɪl/
let liquid fall out by accident
To accidentally let liquid or other loose material fall or flow out of a container. It can also be a noun for the mess made.
/skreɪp/
remove with a hard edge by rubbing
To remove material from a surface by rubbing it hard with an edge or tool. It can also be a noun for a small injury from scraping the skin.
/diːˈfrɒst/
make frozen food unfrozen
To make frozen food or a freezer warm enough so the ice melts. It is a common step before cooking frozen food.
/ˈʃaɪni/
reflecting light; bright and smooth
Reflecting light so that it looks bright and smooth. It often describes clean, polished, or new surfaces.
/ˈspɑːrkəl/
shine with quick points of light
To shine brightly with small, quick flashes of light. It can also be a noun for this kind of light or for lively energy.
/djuː/
small drops of water on cool surfaces
Small drops of water that form on cool surfaces, like grass, during the night. It often appears in early morning.
/sliːt/
a mix of rain and snow or ice
A mixture of rain and snow, or small pieces of ice, that falls in cold weather. As a verb it means for this to fall.
/heɪz/
thin mist or smoke in the air
A thin mist, smoke, or dust in the air that makes things hard to see clearly. It can also describe a confused state of mind.
/ˈheɪzi/
slightly misty; not clear
Slightly misty or unclear, so that things are hard to see well. It can also describe memories or ideas that are not clear.
/ˈmʌɡi/
unpleasantly warm and damp
Unpleasantly warm and damp, with a lot of moisture in the still air. It often describes hot, sticky summer weather before a storm.
/ˈswɛltərɪŋ/
uncomfortably hot
So hot that it is very uncomfortable, often making people sweat. It usually describes very hot summer weather.
/ˈskɔːrtʃɪŋ/
extremely hot, burning hot
Extremely hot, hot enough to burn or feel like burning. It often describes intense sun or very hot weather.
/ˈʃeɪdi/
protected from the sun; in the shade
Sheltered from direct sunlight, so it is cooler and darker. It can also describe a person or activity that seems dishonest.
/pɑːrtʃt/
very dry, especially from heat
Extremely dry, especially because of heat or lack of rain. It can also describe a person who is very thirsty.
/tɜːrn ɒn/
start a device
To start a machine, light, or appliance by operating a switch or control. It is the opposite of turn off.
/tɜːrn ɒf/
stop a device
To stop a machine, light, or appliance by operating a switch. It is the opposite of turn on.
/teɪk ɪn/
absorb; deceive
To understand and absorb information, or to deceive someone. It can also mean to give someone shelter.
/ɡɪv bæk/
return something
To return something to the person it belongs to. It can also mean to contribute to a community.
/θroʊ əˈweɪ/
discard
To get rid of something you no longer want, usually by putting it in the rubbish. It can also mean to waste an opportunity.
/pʊt əˈweɪ/
store tidily
To place something in its proper place after using it. It implies tidying up.
/kliːn ʌp/
tidy and clean
To make a place neat and clean by removing dirt or mess. It can also mean to make oneself tidy.
/stænd ʌp/
rise to your feet
To rise to a standing position from sitting or lying down. It can also mean to fail to meet someone as arranged.
/sɪt daʊn/
take a seat
To lower yourself into a seated position. It is the opposite of stand up.
/laɪ daʊn/
recline to rest
To put your body in a flat or resting position, usually to rest or sleep.
/ɡoʊ bæk/
return to a place
To return to a place or situation you were in before. It can also refer to returning to a previous time.
/ˈhʌri ʌp/
move faster
To do something more quickly, or to urge someone to be quick. It is often used as a command.
/ʃʌt ʌp/
stop talking
To stop talking or be quiet. It can sound rude unless said playfully among friends.
/ɡɛt rɪd ʌv/
remove or dispose
To remove or throw away something unwanted, or to free yourself from a problem.
/kʌt daʊn/
reduce
To reduce the amount of something you do or use. It can also mean to chop down a tree.
/lɒɡ ɪn/
access an account
To enter your username and password to gain access to a computer system or account.
/lɒɡ aʊt/
exit an account
To end your session in a computer system or account, usually for security. It is the opposite of log in.
/saɪn ʌp/
register
To put your name on a list to join a course, service, or event. It often means creating an account.
/kætʃ ʌp/
reach the same level
To reach the same point or level as others, or to exchange recent news with someone.
/ɡɪv əˈweɪ/
donate; reveal
To give something to someone for free, or to reveal a secret by accident.
/ɡɛt θruː/
finish; succeed; reach by phone
To finish a task, to survive a difficult time, or to succeed in contacting someone.
/muːv ɒn/
proceed; recover
To leave one place, topic, or situation and continue to the next. It can also mean to recover emotionally.
/wʌns ɪn ə waɪl/
occasionally
From time to time, but not often or regularly. It describes something that happens occasionally.
/ɒn ˈpɜːrpəs/
intentionally
Done deliberately and intentionally, not by accident.
/baɪ hɑːrt/
from memory
To know or learn something so well that you can recite it from memory.
/ɪn ə ˈhʌri/
rushing
Doing something quickly because there is little time. It describes a state of haste.
/æt wʌns/
immediately
Immediately, without delay. It can also mean at the same time.
/aʊt ʌv ˈɔːrdər/
not working
Not functioning correctly, especially a machine. It can also mean behaving unacceptably.
/meɪk sɛns/
be understandable
To be clear, logical, and easy to understand. It can also mean to be a sensible choice.
/teɪk pleɪs/
happen
To happen or occur, usually as a planned event.
/ɒn taɪm/
punctual
Arriving or happening at the expected or scheduled time, neither early nor late.
/ɪn taɪm/
early enough
Early enough to do something before a deadline or before it is too late.
/ɡɛt əˈweɪ/
escape; take a holiday
To escape from a place or person, or to leave for a short holiday.
/kɔːl ʌp/
telephone
To telephone someone. It can also mean to summon someone for military service.
/tɜːrn əˈraʊnd/
face the other way
To move so that you face the opposite direction. It can also mean to improve a bad situation.
/weɪk ˈsʌmwʌn ʌp/
rouse from sleep
To cause another person to stop sleeping. It is the causative form of waking up.
/pʊt bæk/
return to place
To return something to the place where it was before. It can also mean to delay something.
/traɪ ɒn/
test clothing fit
To put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits or suits you before buying it.
/θroʊ ʌp/
vomit
To bring up food from the stomach through the mouth; to vomit. It is an informal expression.
/wɒʃ ʌp/
wash dishes or hands
In British English, to wash the dishes; in American English, to wash one's hands and face.
/wɔːrm ʌp/
prepare by exercise
To do gentle exercise to prepare your body for activity, or to make something warmer.
/drɒp aʊt/
quit a course or activity
To stop attending a school, course, or activity before finishing it.
/kʌm ɪn/
enter
To enter a place, often used as an invitation. It can also mean to arrive or become available.
/ɡoʊ aʊt/
leave for an activity
To leave home to do something social, or for a light or fire to stop burning.
/sɪt ʌp/
rise to a sitting position
To move from lying down to a sitting position, or to stay awake late.
/ˈweɪk ʌp kɔːl/
a warning to act
An event that shocks someone into realising they must change. It also literally means a phone call to wake you.
/pæs əˈweɪ/
die (polite)
A gentle, polite way to say that someone has died.
/lɛt daʊn/
disappoint; lower
To disappoint someone by failing to do what they expected, or to lower something.
/kɔːl bæk/
return a phone call
To telephone someone again, especially to return a call you missed.
/saɪn ɪn/
register arrival; log in
To write your name to record your arrival, or to access an online account.
/saɪn aʊt/
record departure; log out
To write your name to record that you are leaving, or to exit an online account.
/fɛd ʌp/
annoyed and bored
Feeling bored, annoyed, or unhappy because a situation has gone on too long.
/kiːp ʌp/
maintain the pace
To continue at the same level or speed as others, or to maintain something.
/ɡoʊ əˈhɛd/
proceed; permission
To begin or continue with something, often after getting permission. It is also used to give permission.
/hoʊld bæk/
restrain
To stop yourself or someone from doing something, or to keep something secret.
/kɔːl ˈsʌmwʌn bæk/
return their call
To return a telephone call to a specific person who called you earlier.
/wɛər aʊt/
become unusable; exhaust
For something to become unusable through long use, or to make someone very tired.
/ɡɛt təˈɡɛðər/
meet socially
To meet with other people, usually socially. As a noun, it means an informal social gathering.
/ɪn ðə lɒŋ rʌn/
eventually
Over a long period of time; considering the eventual outcome rather than the immediate one.
/ɔːl ʌv ə ˈsʌdn/
suddenly
Happening quickly and unexpectedly, without warning.
/kiːp ɪn tʌtʃ/
stay in contact
To continue to communicate with someone even when you do not see them often.
/meɪk ʌp jɔːr maɪnd/
decide
To reach a decision after considering options.
/teɪk ə breɪk/
rest briefly
To stop an activity for a short time in order to rest.
/meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒn/
decide
To choose between options after thinking; to decide on a course of action.
/teɪk ə lʊk/
examine briefly
To look at or examine something, usually quickly.
/kiːp ən aɪ ɒn/
watch carefully
To watch someone or something carefully, especially to keep them safe or out of trouble.
/kʌm daʊn/
decrease; descend
To become lower in level or price, or to move from a higher place to a lower one.
/əz suːn æz/
immediately when
At the moment that something happens; immediately after.
/fɔːr ɡʊd/
permanently
Permanently and forever; with no intention of changing back.
/noʊ ˈmætər wɒt/
regardless
Whatever happens; regardless of the circumstances.
/kʌm ɒn/
encourage; hurry
Used to encourage, hurry, or express disbelief. It can also mean a light or device starting to work.
/lʊk əˈraʊnd/
explore by looking
To look at the things in a place, often a shop or area, without a specific aim.
/pʊt daʊn/
place down; criticise
To place something you are holding onto a surface, or to criticise someone unfairly.
/pɪk aʊt/
select
To choose something from a group, or to recognise someone among others.
/hænd ˈoʊvər/
give to someone
To give something to someone, often officially or because you must.
/ɡɪv aʊt/
distribute; stop working
To distribute things to several people, or for something to stop working or run out.
/kiːp ɒn/
continue
To continue doing something, sometimes annoyingly or persistently.
/tɜːrn ˈɪntu/
become
To change or develop into something different.
/ɡoʊ əˈweɪ/
leave; depart
To leave a place or person, or to disappear. It can also mean to travel somewhere for a holiday.
/kʌm ˈoʊvər/
visit
To come to where someone is, especially to visit their home.
/drɒp baɪ/
visit briefly
To visit someone for a short time, often without arranging it in advance.
/iːt aʊt/
dine at a restaurant
To have a meal in a restaurant rather than at home.
/rʌn əˈweɪ/
escape; flee
To leave a place secretly or quickly to escape from someone or something.
/weɪt fɔːr/
await
To stay where you are or delay action until someone arrives or something happens.
/æsk fɔːr/
request
To say that you want someone to give you something or do something for you.
/dɪˈpɛnd ɒn/
rely on
To rely on someone or something, or to be decided by a particular factor.
/bɪˈliːv ɪn/
have faith in
To be certain that someone or something exists, or to trust in their ability or value.
/əˈɡriː wɪð/
share an opinion
To have the same opinion as someone, or to approve of something.
/ˈwʌri əˈbaʊt/
feel anxious over
To feel anxious or troubled about someone or something.
/θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/
consider
To consider someone or something, or to spend time using your mind to reflect.
/θɪŋk ˈoʊvər/
consider carefully
To consider something carefully before making a decision.
/lʊk ʌp tu/
admire
To admire and respect someone, often someone older or more experienced.
/meɪk aʊt/
see or hear with difficulty; manage
To see, hear, or understand something with difficulty, or to manage in a situation.
/diːl wɪð/
handle; manage
To take action to solve a problem or handle a person or situation.
/kɛər fɔːr/
look after; like
To look after someone who needs help, or to like or want something.
/hæŋ ʌp/
end a phone call
To end a telephone call by replacing the receiver or pressing a button. It can also mean to hang clothes.
/plʌɡ ɪn/
connect to power
To connect a piece of electrical equipment to a power supply.
/swɪtʃ ɒn/
turn on a device
To start a machine or light by pressing a switch. It is similar to turn on.
/swɪtʃ ɒf/
turn off a device
To stop a machine or light by pressing a switch. It can also mean to stop paying attention.
/ˈtaɪdi ʌp/
make neat
To make a place neat by putting things in order.
/ɡɛt drɛst/
put on clothes
To put on your clothes.
/ɡɛt tʃeɪndʒd/
change clothes
To take off one set of clothes and put on another.
/drɛs ʌp/
wear smart or costume clothes
To put on formal or special clothes, or to wear a costume.
/ɡoʊ tu bɛd/
retire to sleep
To get into bed in order to sleep.
/fɔːl əˈsliːp/
start sleeping
To begin to sleep, often without intending to.
/ˌoʊvərˈsliːp/
sleep too long
To sleep longer than you intended, often missing something important.
/rʌn leɪt/
be behind schedule
To be behind schedule or later than expected.
/pʊl ˈoʊvər/
stop a vehicle at the roadside
To move a vehicle to the side of the road and stop.
/sɛt aʊt/
begin a journey or task
To start a journey, or to begin doing something with a clear aim.
/ɡɛt ˈɡoʊɪŋ/
start; leave
To start moving or doing something, or to leave a place.
/siː ɒf/
say goodbye at departure
To go to a station or airport to say goodbye to someone who is leaving.
/drɒp ɪn/
visit unexpectedly
To make a short, casual visit to someone, usually without arranging it first.
/teɪk aʊt/
remove; buy to go
To remove something from a place, or to buy food to eat elsewhere.
/pʊt ʌp/
build; raise; host
To build or raise something, to display it, or to let someone stay in your home.
/teɪk daʊn/
remove; write down
To remove something that is up, or to write down information.
/raɪt daʊn/
record in writing
To write something on paper or a device so you do not forget it.
/riːd aʊt/
read aloud
To read something aloud so that others can hear it.
/æd ʌp/
total; make sense
To calculate the total of numbers, or for facts to seem logical and consistent.
/hænd bæk/
return by hand
To give something back to the person who gave it to you.
/peɪ bæk/
repay
To return money you borrowed, or to do something unkind in revenge.
/peɪ ɒf/
settle a debt; succeed
To finish paying a debt completely, or for an effort to be successful.
/seɪv ʌp/
accumulate money
To keep money over time so that you can buy something later.
/rʌn aʊt ʌv/
have none left
To use all of something so that none is left.
/fɪl ʌp/
make full
To make something completely full, often a fuel tank or a container.
/hiːt ʌp/
make warm
To make food or a place warmer, or to become warmer.
/kuːl daʊn/
become calmer or cooler
To become or make something cooler, or to become calmer after anger.
/kʌt ɒf/
disconnect; interrupt
To stop a supply, to interrupt someone, or to separate something by cutting.
/tɜːrn bæk/
return the way you came
To stop going forward and return in the direction you came from.
/ɡɛt ɪn/
enter a vehicle or place
To enter a car or small space, to arrive home, or to be accepted into a school.
/ɡɛt aʊt/
leave a place or vehicle
To leave a place or a car, or to escape from a situation.
/hɒp ɒn/
get onto quickly
To get onto a vehicle or bicycle quickly and easily.
/spiːk ʌp/
talk louder; voice opinion
To talk more loudly, or to express your opinion freely.
/spiːk aʊt/
express openly
To express your opinions publicly and firmly, especially about something wrong.
/kɑːm ˈsʌmwʌn daʊn/
make someone relax
To help another person become less angry, upset, or excited.
/tʃɪər ˈsʌmwʌn ʌp/
make someone happier
To make someone feel happier when they are sad.
/meɪk frɛndz/
form friendships
To become friendly with new people.
/seɪ həˈloʊ/
greet someone
To greet someone; also used to send friendly greetings through another person.
/seɪ ɡʊdˈbaɪ/
bid farewell
To tell someone farewell when you or they are leaving.
/teɪk ɪt ˈiːzi/
relax; calm down
To relax and not work too hard, or to calm down. It is also a casual goodbye.
/noʊ ˈprɒbləm/
that's fine
Used to say that something is not difficult or to respond politely to thanks.
/brɪŋ bæk/
return; revive memories
To return something to a place or person, or to make someone remember the past.
/ˈfɪɡjər ˈsʌmθɪŋ aʊt/
understand or solve
To understand or solve something after thinking about it.
/sɔːrt ˈsʌmθɪŋ aʊt/
resolve or organise
To deal with a problem or organise something successfully.
/lʊk θruː/
examine quickly
To read or examine something quickly, often to find something or get an overview.
/ɡoʊ ˈoʊvər/
review carefully
To examine or review something carefully, often to check or explain it.
/hænd θɪŋz ɪn/
submit
To give completed work or a found item to a person in authority.
/lʊk aʊt fɔːr/
watch for; protect
To watch carefully for someone or something, or to take care of someone.
/wɒtʃ ˈoʊvər/
protect and care for
To guard and take care of someone or something.
/breɪk ɪn/
enter by force
To enter a building illegally and by force, usually to steal. It can also mean to interrupt.
/lɒk ʌp/
secure with locks
To close and secure a building or container with locks, especially when leaving.
/hoʊld ʌp/
delay; support; rob
To delay someone or something, to support a weight, or to rob a place using force.
/tʃɑːrdʒ ʌp/
recharge a battery
To fill a battery with electrical power.
/zuːm ɪn/
enlarge the view
To make an image or part of a screen appear larger and closer.
/zuːm aʊt/
widen the view
To make an image or screen show a wider area by appearing smaller and farther.
/skroʊl daʊn/
move screen content down
To move the text or images on a screen so you can see what is lower on the page.
/skroʊl ʌp/
move screen content up
To move the text or images on a screen so you can see what is higher on the page.
/taɪp ɪn/
enter using a keyboard
To enter information into a device using a keyboard.
/prɪnt aʊt/
produce a paper copy
To produce a paper copy of a document from a computer.
/teɪk bæk/
return; withdraw words
To return something to a shop or person, or to admit that something you said was wrong.
/stænd baɪ/
support; wait ready
To support someone in a difficult time, or to wait, ready to act.
/ˈsɛtl ɪn/
get comfortable in a new place
To become comfortable and used to a new home, job, or situation.
/ɡroʊ oʊld/
become aged
To become older over time; to age.
/teɪk tɜːrnz/
alternate doing something
To do something one after another, each person doing it in order.
/meɪk ə mɪˈsteɪk/
do something wrong
To do something incorrectly or to make an error.
/meɪk ən ˈɛfərt/
try hard
To try hard to do something, especially something difficult.
/ɪn tʃɑːrdʒ ʌv/
responsible for
Having control of or responsibility for someone or something.
/ɒn maɪ oʊn/
alone; independently
Alone, or without help from anyone else.
/æt læst/
finally
Finally, after a long time or much effort.
/ɪn ə roʊ/
consecutively
One after another, without a break; consecutively.
/ə ˈkʌpl ʌv/
two or a few
Two of something, or informally, a small number.
/kaɪnd ʌv/
somewhat
To some degree; rather. It softens a statement in casual speech.
/ə lɒt ʌv/
many; much
A large number or amount of something.
/raɪt naʊ/
immediately
At this exact moment; immediately.
/stɛp ɪn/
intervene to help
To become involved in a situation in order to help or stop a problem.
/ɡoʊ fɔːr ɪt/
do it boldly
To make a determined effort to achieve something, often used as encouragement.
/hæŋ aʊt/
spend time relaxing
To spend time relaxing somewhere or with friends.
/tʃɪl aʊt/
relax
To relax and calm down, especially after being busy or stressed.
/tɜːrn ˈoʊvər/
flip; hand control to
To move something so the other side is on top, or to give control of something to someone else.
/ɡɛt ˈrɛdi/
prepare
To prepare yourself or something for an activity or event.
/hæv ə ɡʊd taɪm/
enjoy oneself
To enjoy yourself; to have fun.
/breɪk ə lɛɡ/
good luck
A way to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance.
/hɪt ðə bʊks/
study hard
To begin studying seriously, especially for exams.
/əz ˈiːzi əz paɪ/
very easy
Extremely easy to do.
/ɡɪv ˈsʌmwʌn ə hænd/
help; applaud
To help someone, or to clap for them in applause.
/hɛlp aʊt/
assist
To help someone, especially in a difficult situation or with a task.
/meɪk duː/
manage with what you have
To manage with the limited or unsatisfactory things you have.
/ɔːl deɪ lɒŋ/
the entire day
For the whole day, from beginning to end.
/ˈɛvri naʊ ænd ðɛn/
occasionally
From time to time; occasionally.
/mɔːr ɔːr lɛs/
approximately
Approximately; almost completely but not exactly.
/əz ˈjuːʒuəl/
as normal
In the way that usually happens; as is normal.
/æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt/
currently
Right now; at the present time.
/ˈjuːst tu/
did regularly in the past
Used to describe something that happened regularly in the past but no longer does.
/wʊd ˈræðər/
prefer to
Used to say that you prefer one thing or action to another.
/hæd ˈbɛtər/
should; ought to
Used to give strong advice or a warning about what someone should do.
/ɡɪv ɪt ə traɪ/
attempt something
To attempt to do something, even if you are not sure you will succeed.
/ɒn ˈsɛkənd θɔːt/
after reconsidering
Used when you change your opinion after thinking about it again.
/aʊt laʊd/
aloud
In a voice that can be heard, not silently.
/soʊ fɑːr/
until now
Up to the present time; until now.
/æt fɜːrst/
in the beginning
In or at the beginning, before things changed.
/ˈmaɪ.krə.weɪv/
oven using radiation
A kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food quickly using electromagnetic radiation.
/ˈblɛn.dər/
machine for mixing food
An electric appliance with rotating blades used to mix, puree, or liquefy food and drinks.
/ˈtʃɒp.ɪŋ bɔːrd/
board for cutting food
A flat wooden or plastic surface on which food is cut or chopped.
/ˈtʃɒp.stɪks/
pair of eating sticks
A pair of thin sticks used, especially in East Asia, to pick up and eat food.
/fɔːrk/
utensil with prongs
A utensil with two or more prongs used for lifting and eating food.
/naɪf/
cutting tool with blade
A tool or utensil with a sharp blade used for cutting food or other materials.
/spuːn/
utensil with bowl
A utensil with a small shallow bowl on a handle, used for eating, stirring, or serving.
/boʊl/
round deep dish
A round, deep dish used for holding food or liquid, especially soups and cereals.
/pleɪt/
flat dish for food
A flat, usually round dish from which food is served or eaten.
/kʌp/
small drinking vessel
A small open container, usually with a handle, used for drinking hot beverages.
/mʌɡ/
large handled cup
A large cup with a handle, typically used for hot drinks like coffee or tea.
/ɡlæs/
clear drinking vessel
A drinking container made of glass, or the hard transparent material itself.
/ˈnæp.kɪn/
cloth for wiping
A piece of cloth or paper used at meals to wipe the mouth and hands.
/ˈtreɪn ˌsteɪ.ʃən/
stop for trains
A place where trains stop so that passengers can get on or off.
/ˈbʌs stɒp/
place buses halt
A designated place where buses stop to let passengers on and off.
/pɔːrt/
harbour for ships
A town or area with a harbour where ships load and unload goods or passengers.
/ˈhɒs.təl/
cheap shared lodging
An inexpensive place to stay, often with shared rooms, popular with young travellers.
/rɪˈzɔːrt/
holiday destination
A place where people go on holiday for relaxation, often with hotels and recreation.
/ˈkæmp.saɪt/
place for camping
An area where people can pitch tents or park camping vehicles to stay outdoors.
/ˈkæb.ɪn/
small wooden house
A small, simple house, often made of wood and located in the countryside or woods.
/ˈvɪl.ə/
large country house
A large and comfortable house, especially one in the countryside or used as a holiday home.
/taʊn/
small urban place
A place with houses, shops, and businesses, larger than a village but smaller than a city.
/ˈvɪl.ɪdʒ/
small rural settlement
A small group of houses and other buildings in a country area, smaller than a town.
/ˈsʌb.ɜːrb/
residential outer area
A residential area on the edge of a city or large town where people live.
/ˈkʌn.tri.saɪd/
rural land
Land outside towns and cities, with fields, farms, and natural scenery.
/ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/
main government city
The city where a country's or region's government is based.
/koʊst/
land beside sea
The land along the edge of the sea or ocean.
/ˈaɪ.lənd/
land surrounded by water
A piece of land completely surrounded by water.
/ˈvæl.i/
low land between hills
A low area of land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.
/ˈdɛz.ərt/
dry barren region
A large, dry area of land with little rainfall and few plants, often covered in sand.
/ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/
dense tropical forest
A thick, tangled tropical forest with dense vegetation and many wild animals.
/leɪk/
large body of water
A large area of water surrounded by land.
/ˈoʊ.ʃən/
vast body of seawater
A very large expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface.
/biːtʃ/
sandy shore
An area of sand or small stones beside the sea or a lake.
/klɪf/
steep rock face
A high, steep face of rock, especially at the edge of the sea.
/ˈwɔː.tər.fɔːl/
falling stream of water
A place where water flows over the edge of a cliff or steep rock and falls down.
/ˈɡleɪ.ʃər/
slow-moving ice mass
A large, slow-moving mass of ice formed from compacted snow over many years.
/nɔːrθ/
compass direction up
The direction that is on your left when you face the rising sun; one of the four main points.
/saʊθ/
compass direction down
The direction that is opposite north; one of the four main points of the compass.
/iːst/
direction of sunrise
The direction from which the sun rises; one of the four main compass points.
/wɛst/
direction of sunset
The direction in which the sun sets; one of the four main compass points.
/ˌnɔːrθˈiːst/
between north and east
The direction or point on the compass midway between north and east.
/ˌnɔːrθˈwɛst/
between north and west
The direction or point on the compass midway between north and west.
/ˌsaʊθˈiːst/
between south and east
The direction or point on the compass midway between south and east.
/ˌsaʊθˈwɛst/
between south and west
The direction or point on the compass midway between south and west.
/dɪˈrɛk.ʃən/
way something faces
The course or path along which someone or something moves or points.
/ˈkʌm.pəs/
direction-finding instrument
An instrument with a magnetic needle that shows the direction of north.
/mæp/
drawing of an area
A drawing or representation of an area showing roads, places, and physical features.
/ˌdʒiː.piːˈɛs/
satellite navigation system
A system that uses satellites to show exact location and give directions.
/ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
finding the way
The process of planning and following a route from one place to another.
/ruːt/
path between places
A way or course taken to get from one place to another.
/roʊd/
way for vehicles
A wide, hard surface built for vehicles and people to travel along.
/ˈhaɪ.weɪ/
major fast road
A main road, especially one connecting towns and built for fast travel.
/brɪdʒ/
structure crossing gap
A structure built over a river, road, or gap to allow people or vehicles to cross.
/ˈtʌn.əl/
underground passage
A passage built underground or through a hill for vehicles, trains, or people.
/ˈbɔːr.dər/
boundary between areas
The line that separates two countries or regions.
/ˈkʌs.təmz/
border inspection office
The official place where bags are checked and taxes collected when entering a country.
/ˈpæs.pɔːrt/
official travel document
An official document that identifies a person and allows them to travel between countries.
/ˈviː.zə/
travel permission stamp
An official mark or document allowing a person to enter or stay in a country.
/ˈtɪk.ɪt/
proof of payment
A small piece of paper or card showing you have paid to travel or enter somewhere.
/ˈbɔːr.dɪŋ pæs/
permit to board plane
A document that allows a passenger to board an aircraft after checking in.
/ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/
travel bags
The bags and suitcases that a traveller carries when they go on a journey.
/ˈbæk.pæk/
bag worn on back
A bag with straps that is carried on the back, used for travel, school, or hiking.
/ˈsuːt.keɪs/
travel case for clothes
A rectangular case with a handle, used for carrying clothes and belongings when travelling.
/ˌsuː.vəˈnɪər/
keepsake from trip
An object kept as a reminder of a place visited or an event experienced.
/ˈpoʊst.kɑːrd/
card sent by mail
A card, often with a picture, that can be sent by post without an envelope.
/ˈtræv.ə.lər/
person who journeys
A person who is travelling or who travels often.
/ɡaɪd/
person who shows way
A person who shows the way or gives information to tourists or visitors.
/tʊər/
organized visit
A journey in which several places are visited, often for pleasure or sightseeing.
/ɪkˈskɜːr.ʒən/
short pleasure trip
A short journey made for pleasure, especially one taken by a group.
/aɪˈtɪn.ər.ər.i/
planned travel schedule
A detailed plan or list of the places and times for a journey.
/ˌdɛs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
place being travelled to
The place to which someone or something is going or being sent.
/ˈdʒɜːr.ni/
act of travelling
An act of travelling from one place to another, especially over a long distance.
/trɪp/
short journey
A journey to a place and back again, often for a short time or for a purpose.
/ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/
long sea journey
A long journey, especially one made by sea or in space.
/ədˈvɛn.tʃər/
exciting experience
An unusual, exciting, and sometimes dangerous experience or activity.
/ˌɛk.spləˈreɪ.ʃən/
act of investigating
The act of travelling through or examining an unfamiliar place in order to learn about it.
/dɪˈskʌv.ər.i/
act of finding out
The act of finding something or learning about something for the first time.
/ˌɛk.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/
organized exploratory journey
A journey or trip made by a group for a specific purpose, such as exploration or research.
/səˈfɑːr.i/
wildlife-viewing trip
A trip to see or hunt wild animals, especially in Africa.
/kruːz/
sea holiday voyage
A holiday spent travelling on a ship and visiting different places.
/flaɪt/
journey by plane
A journey made by air in an aircraft.
/ˈtreɪn ˌdʒɜːr.ni/
trip by train
A journey made by travelling on a train.
/ˈroʊd trɪp/
long car journey
A long journey made by car, often for pleasure and with several stops along the way.
/ˈpɪl.ɡrɪ.mɪdʒ/
religious journey
A journey to a holy or special place, often for religious reasons.
/ˈɛm.bə.si/
nation's official office abroad
The official offices of a country's representatives in another country.
/ˈkɒn.sjə.lət/
consul's official office
The office of a government official who helps and protects its citizens in another country.
/ˌɪm.ɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/
entering a country to live
The process of coming to live permanently in a country, or the checkpoint controlling entry.
/ˈkʌr.ən.si/
money of a country
The system of money used in a particular country.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt/
value between currencies
The value of one country's money compared with another's.
/ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt/
plan for spending
A plan of how much money you can spend over a period of time.
/ˌrɛz.ərˈveɪ.ʃən/
booking kept in advance
An arrangement to have something, such as a room or table, kept for you in advance.
/ˈbʊk.ɪŋ/
arrangement made in advance
An arrangement to buy a ticket or reserve a service ahead of time.
/ˈtʃɛk.aʊt/
leaving and paying
The act or time of leaving a hotel and paying the bill, or the place where you pay in a shop.
/ˈlænd.mɑːrk/
notable recognizable feature
A famous or easily recognized building or feature, often used to find your way.
/ˈmɒn.jə.mənt/
memorial structure
A structure built to remember a person or event, often a statue or large building.
/mjuˈziː.əm/
place displaying objects
A building where interesting objects of art, history, or science are kept and shown.
/ˈɡæl.ər.i/
place displaying art
A room or building used to show or sell works of art.
/kəˈθiː.drəl/
large Christian church
A large and important Christian church, especially one with a bishop.
/ˈtɛm.pəl/
place of worship
A building used for the worship of a god or gods in various religions.
/mɒsk/
Muslim place of worship
A building where Muslims gather to pray.
/ˈkɑː.səl/
large fortified building
A large strong building, often with thick walls, built in the past to defend against attack.
/ˈpæl.ɪs/
grand royal residence
A large, splendid house, especially the official home of a king, queen, or ruler.
/ˈruː.ɪnz/
remains of buildings
The broken parts of old buildings that remain after they have been destroyed or decayed.
/pɑːrk/
public green space
A public area of land with grass and trees, used by people for rest and play.
/ˈɡɑːr.dən/
cultivated plant area
A piece of land where flowers, vegetables, or other plants are grown.
/zuː/
place with wild animals
A place where wild animals are kept so that people can see them.
/əˈkwɛər.i.əm/
place displaying sea life
A building or tank where fish and other water animals are kept for people to see.
/ˈθiːm pɑːrk/
amusement attraction park
A large outdoor area with rides and attractions based around a particular subject.
/ˈsteɪ.di.əm/
large sports arena
A large structure with rows of seats around a field, used for sports and concerts.
/ˈplɑː.zə/
public open square
An open public square in a town or city, often surrounded by buildings.
/ˈʃɒp.ɪŋ mɔːl/
large enclosed shops
A large building or set of buildings containing many shops, restaurants, and services.
/striːt/
road in a town
A public road in a city or town, usually with buildings along both sides.
/ˈneɪ.bər.hʊd/
local part of town
A district or area of a town where people live, and the people who live there.
/ˈdɪs.trɪkt/
area of a place
A part of a city or country that has clear boundaries or a particular character.
/ˈkwɔːr.tər/
district of a city
A part of a town or city, especially one with a particular character or group of people.
/ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/
central business area
The central part of a city where the main shops and businesses are located.
/ˌʌpˈtaʊn/
residential upper district
The part of a city away from the centre, often where wealthier people live.
/ˈaʊt.skɜːrts/
outer edges of town
The parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre.
/slʌm/
poor crowded area
A crowded, poor area of a city with very basic and run-down housing.
/ˈɡɛt.oʊ/
segregated city area
A part of a city, often poor, where a particular group of people lives separately from others.
/məˈtrɒp.əl.ɪs/
very large city
A very large and important city, often the main city of a country or region.
/ˈkɒn.tɪ.nənt/
large landmass
One of the very large areas of land on the earth, such as Africa or Asia.
/ˈriː.dʒən/
area of land
A large area of land, often with particular features or its own character.
/ˈprɒv.ɪns/
administrative region
A large area or division of a country that has its own local government.
/steɪt/
nation or its region
A country, or one of the smaller areas with its own government within a country.
/ˈkaʊn.ti/
local administrative area
A region of a country or state with its own local government, smaller than a state.
/mjuˌnɪs.ɪˈpæl.ɪ.ti/
town with local government
A town or city with its own local government, or the government itself.
/wɔːrd/
local district division
A small area into which a town or city is divided, especially for elections.
/zoʊn/
area with a purpose
An area that is different from others around it or that is used for a particular purpose.
/ˈlæt.ɪ.tjuːd/
distance north or south
The distance of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees.
/ˈlɒn.dʒɪ.tjuːd/
distance east or west
The distance of a place east or west of a fixed line, measured in degrees.
/ˈæl.tɪ.tjuːd/
height above sea level
The height of a place or object above sea level.
/ˈklaɪ.mət/
typical weather pattern
The general weather conditions of an area over a long period of time.
/ˈwɛð.ər/
daily atmospheric conditions
The conditions in the air at a particular time, such as rain, sun, wind, or temperature.
/ˈtɛm.prə.tʃər/
degree of heat
A measure of how hot or cold something or somewhere is.
/hjuˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/
moisture in air
The amount of water vapour present in the air.
/wɪnd/
moving air
A natural movement of air, especially a strong current blowing across the land or sea.
/ˈreɪn.fɔːl/
amount of rain
The amount of rain that falls in a place during a particular period.
/ˈsʌn.ʃaɪn/
light from the sun
The light and warmth that comes directly from the sun.
/ˈtaɪm.zoʊn/
region with same time
A region of the world where the same standard time is used.
/ˈdʒɛt læɡ/
tiredness after flying
The tired, confused feeling you get after flying across several time zones.
/ˈkʌl.tʃər ʃɒk/
unease in new culture
The feeling of confusion or anxiety experienced when living in a very different culture.
/ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ ˌbær.i.ər/
problem of different languages
The difficulty of communicating when people do not share a common language.
/ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/
friendly welcoming of guests
Friendly and generous treatment of guests or visitors.
/əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
place to stay
A place where someone can live or stay, especially while travelling.
/ˈtræns.pɔːrt/
means of moving
A system or method of carrying people or goods from one place to another.
/ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/
system of money and trade
The system by which a country produces, sells, and uses goods, services, and money.
/ˈtʊə.rɪ.zəm/
business of travel
The business of providing services for people who are travelling for pleasure.
/ɜːrθ/
the planet we live on
The planet on which we live; also the ground or soil beneath us.
/skaɪ/
space above the earth
The space above the earth that you can see when you look up.
/stɑːr/
distant burning sun
A huge ball of burning gas in space that appears as a point of light at night.
/ˈplæn.ɪt/
large body orbiting a star
A large round object in space that moves around a star such as the sun.
/ˈjuː.nɪ.vɜːrs/
all of space and matter
Everything that exists, including all of space, time, planets, and stars.
/ˈɡæl.ək.si/
huge system of stars
A very large group of stars and planets held together in space.
/speɪs/
area beyond earth
The vast empty area beyond the earth's atmosphere where the stars and planets exist.
/ˈæt.məs.fɪər/
layer of gases around earth
The layer of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
/ɛər/
gas we breathe
The invisible mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that we breathe.
/faɪər/
flames and heat
The hot, bright flames and heat produced when something burns.
/sɔɪl/
top layer of earth
The top layer of earth in which plants grow.
/rɒk/
hard mineral mass
The hard, solid material that forms part of the earth's surface, or a piece of it.
/sænd/
fine loose grains
A loose material made of very small grains of rock, found on beaches and in deserts.
/mʌd/
wet soft earth
Soft, wet earth, usually a mixture of soil and water.
/kleɪ/
sticky moldable earth
A heavy, sticky type of earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making pots and bricks.
/stoʊn/
piece of rock
A small piece of rock, or the hard material that rocks are made of.
/ˈmɪn.ər.əl/
natural solid substance
A natural substance such as gold, salt, or quartz that is found in rocks and the earth.
/hɪl/
small raised land
A raised area of land, smaller and lower than a mountain.
/ˈplæt.oʊ/
high flat land
A large area of fairly flat land that is higher than the surrounding land.
/pleɪn/
large flat land
A large area of flat land with few trees.
/ˈkæn.jən/
deep narrow valley
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides, often with a river flowing through it.
/ɡɔːrdʒ/
narrow steep valley
A deep, narrow valley with steep rocky sides, usually with a river running through it.
/keɪv/
hollow underground space
A large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, or under the ground.
/djuːn/
hill of sand
A hill of sand formed by the wind, especially in a desert or near the sea.
/pɒnd/
small body of water
A small area of still water, smaller than a lake.
/striːm/
small flowing river
A small, narrow river of flowing water.
/taɪd/
rise and fall of sea
The regular rise and fall of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun.
/weɪv/
moving ridge of water
A raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea.
/ˈkʌr.ənt/
flow of water or air
A continuous movement of water or air in a particular direction.
/riːf/
underwater rock ridge
A line of rocks or coral near the surface of the sea.
/ˈreɪn.fɒr.ɪst/
wet tropical forest
A thick forest in a hot area that receives a great deal of rain.
/ˈwʊd.lənd/
land covered with trees
Land that is covered with trees, smaller and less dense than a forest.
/səˈvæn.ə/
grassy tropical plain
A large flat area of grassland with few trees, found in hot regions.
/ˈɡrɑːs.lænd/
land covered in grass
A large open area of land covered mainly with grass.
/ˈmɛd.oʊ/
field of grass and flowers
A field covered in grass and wild flowers, often used for hay or grazing.
/ˈwɛt.lænd/
land soaked with water
An area of land that is covered with water for much of the time, home to many birds.
/mɑːrʃ/
low wet grassland
An area of low, soft, wet land, often covered with grass.
/swɒmp/
wet forested land
An area of soft, wet land, often with trees and dense vegetation.
/ˈtʌn.drə/
cold treeless plain
A large, flat, cold area in the far north where no trees grow and the soil is frozen.
/ˈɑːrk.tɪk/
of the far north
Relating to the very cold region around the North Pole.
/ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/
of hot wet regions
Relating to the hot, wet regions of the earth near the equator.
/ˈtɛm.pər.ət/
mild in climate
Having a mild climate that is neither very hot nor very cold.
/ˈær.ɪd/
very dry
Having very little rain and so very dry, with few plants able to grow.
/ˈhjuː.mɪd/
damp and moist
Having a lot of water vapour in the air, making it feel damp and sticky.
/ˈfɜːr.taɪl/
good for growing
Describing land or soil that is able to produce many good crops and plants.
/ˈbær.ən/
unable to grow plants
Describing land that is so poor that few or no plants can grow on it.
/lʌʃ/
green and thriving
Describing plants that grow thickly and look healthy and green.
/bʊʃ/
low woody plant
A plant that is smaller than a tree and has many branches close to the ground.
/ʃrʌb/
small woody plant
A low woody plant with several stems, smaller than a tree.
/ɡrɑːs/
common green plant
A common green plant with thin leaves that covers fields, gardens, and lawns.
/ˈflaʊ.ər/
colored bloom of plant
The colourful part of a plant that produces seeds and is often pleasant to smell.
/liːf/
flat green plant part
One of the flat, usually green parts of a plant that grow from its stem or branches.
/ruːt/
underground plant part
The part of a plant that grows underground and takes in water and food from the soil.
/bɑːrk/
outer layer of tree
The hard outer covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.
/brɑːntʃ/
arm of a tree
A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk and bears leaves, fruit, or flowers.
/trʌŋk/
main stem of tree
The thick main stem of a tree from which the branches grow.
/roʊz/
thorny fragrant flower
A sweet-smelling flower, often red, pink, or white, that grows on a bush with thorns.
/ˈdeɪ.zi/
small white flower
A small wild flower with white petals and a yellow centre.
/ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ər/
tall yellow flower
A tall plant with large yellow flowers that turn to face the sun.
/ˈtjuː.lɪp/
cup-shaped spring flower
A brightly coloured cup-shaped flower that grows from a bulb in spring.
/ˈɔːr.kɪd/
exotic delicate flower
A plant with unusual, often beautiful flowers, many of which are tropical.
/ˈlɪl.i/
large trumpet flower
A plant with large, often white or coloured, trumpet-shaped flowers.
/ˈloʊ.təs/
sacred water flower
A large water flower with floating leaves, important in some Asian cultures and religions.
/bæmˈbuː/
tall woody grass
A tall tropical plant with hard hollow stems, used for building and furniture.
/pɑːm/
tropical tree with fronds
A tall tropical tree with no branches and large leaves at the top.
/iːt/
take in food
To put food in your mouth, chew it, and swallow it.
/drɪŋk/
swallow liquid
To take liquid into your mouth and swallow it.
/ˈæŋ.ɡri/
feeling strong displeasure
Feeling or showing strong displeasure or annoyance.
/foʊn/
device for calls
A device used to talk to someone over a distance, now also used for many other tasks.
/əˈbaʊt/
on the subject of; approximately
Used to show what something concerns, or to mean roughly or nearly a number.
/əˈbʌv/
higher than
In or to a higher position than something else.
/əˈkrɒs/
from one side to the other
Going from one side of something to the other side.
/əˈɡɛnst/
in opposition to; touching
Used to show opposition, or that something is touching and pressing on a surface.
/əˈlɒŋ/
following the length of
Moving or positioned in a line that follows the length of something.
/əˈmʌŋ/
in the middle of (a group)
Surrounded by or in the company of three or more people or things.
/æt/
in a place or point
Used to show an exact place, time, or point.
/bɪˈhaɪnd/
at the back of
At or to the back of someone or something.
/bɪˈniːθ/
under; below
In or to a lower position than something; directly under it.
/bɪˈsaɪd/
next to
At the side of; next to someone or something.
/bɪˈtwiːn/
in the space separating two things
In the space, time, or range that separates two people, things, or points.
/bɪˈjɒnd/
on the far side of; further than
On or to the further side of something, or more than a limit.
/baɪ/
near; through the means of
Beside something, or used to show who did or how something was done.
/ˈdjʊərɪŋ/
throughout a period
At some point in, or all through, a period of time.
/ɪkˈsɛpt/
not including
Used to introduce the one thing or person that is not included.
/frɒm/
showing a starting point
Used to show where something starts, its origin, or its source.
/ɪn/
inside; within
Used to show that something is inside or surrounded by something else.
/ˈɪntə/
to the inside of
Moving to a position inside or within something.
/nɪər/
close to
A short distance away from someone or something.
/ɒv/
belonging to; about
Used to show belonging, contents, or a relationship between things.
/ɒf/
away from a surface
Away from, or down from, a place or surface.
/ɒn/
on a surface; about
Touching and supported by a surface, or showing a date or topic.
/ˈɒntə/
to a position on
Moving to a position on the top or surface of something.
/ˈɒpəzɪt/
facing; across from
In a position facing someone or something on the other side.
/ˈəʊvər/
above; more than
Above or covering something, or more than a number or amount.
/pɑːst/
beyond; later than
Beyond a point in space or time; going from one side of something.
/θruː/
from one end to the other
Moving in one side and out the other side of something.
/θruːˈaʊt/
in every part of
In or during every part of a place or period of time.
/tɪl/
up to a time
Up to a particular time; an informal form of 'until'.
/tuː/
in the direction of
Used to show a direction, destination, or the person who receives something.
/təˈwɔːrd/
in the direction of
Moving or facing in the direction of someone or something.
/ˈʌndər/
below
In or to a lower position than something; less than an amount.
/ʌndərˈniːθ/
directly under
Directly below and often hidden by something above.
/əˈpɒn/
on
On the top or surface of something; a more formal form of 'on'.
/wɪð/
together; using
In the company of someone, or using a tool or thing.
/wɪˈðɪn/
inside; before a time ends
Inside the limits of a place, group, or period of time.
/wɪˈðaʊt/
not having
Not having or not using something or someone.
/ðəʊ/
in spite of the fact
Used to show contrast; it can also come at the end to mean 'however'.
/wɛərˈæz/
while in contrast
Used to compare two facts and show how they differ.
/ˈʌðəwaɪz/
if not; in other ways
Used to say what will happen if something is not done, or in other respects.
/bɪˈsaɪdz/
in addition; also
Used to add an extra point, or to mean 'as well as'.
/hɛns/
for this reason
For this reason; as a result of what was just said.
/ðʌs/
in this way; therefore
As a result, or in the way just described.
/əˈkɔːdɪŋli/
as a result; in a fitting way
In a way that suits the situation, or as a result of it.
/ˈsɪmɪləli/
in the same way
Used to show that the next point is like the one before it.
/ˈlaɪkwaɪz/
in the same way; also
In the same way, or used to agree with what someone said.
/ˈaɪðər/
one or the other of two
One or the other of two people or things; also used in 'either...or'.
/ˈnaɪðər/
not one and not the other
Not one and not the other of two people or things.
/ˈsɛvrəl/
more than two but not many
More than two or three but not a very large number.
/ˈplɛnti/
a large enough amount
A large amount that is as much as or more than needed.
/ˈvɛəriəs/
several different
Several different things of the same general type.
/ˈsɜːtən/
particular but unnamed
Used to refer to a particular thing or person without naming it.
/bɪˈləʊ/
lower than
In or to a lower position than something; less than a level.
/aʊt/
away from inside
Used to show movement away from the inside of a place.
/fɔːr/
intended to help; because of
Used to show purpose, a receiver, a length of time, or a reason.
/kɒst/
price; to have a price
The amount of money needed to buy something, or to require that amount as payment.
/ˈdɪskaʊnt/
reduction in price
An amount taken off the usual price of something. As a verb, to reduce the price.
/kæʃ/
physical money
Money in the form of coins and notes rather than cards or cheques.
/kɔɪn/
piece of metal money
A small, flat, round piece of metal used as money.
/bɪl/
statement of money owed
A piece of paper showing how much money you owe for goods or services.
/əʊ/
need to pay back
To be required to pay money back to someone or to be in debt to them.
/əˈfɔːd/
have enough money for
To have enough money or time to be able to pay for or do something.
/ˈtaɪdi/
neat and in order
Arranged neatly with everything in its place. As a verb, to put things in order.
/praɪs/
amount of money to buy
The amount of money you must pay to buy something.
/swɪtʃ/
control for power; to change
A device for turning electricity on and off. As a verb, to change from one thing to another.
/plʌɡ/
electrical connector
The part on the end of a wire that you put into a socket to connect to electricity. As a verb, to fill a hole or connect.
/tʃɑːdʒ/
fill with power; ask a price
To put electrical power into a battery, or to ask an amount of money for something.
/liːk/
escape through a hole
When liquid or gas escapes through a hole or crack, or the hole itself.
/teə/
pull apart roughly
To pull or rip something, especially paper or cloth, into pieces.
/rɪp/
tear quickly
To tear or pull something apart quickly and roughly.
/ræp/
cover by folding around
To cover or fold something around an object, often as a present or to protect it.
/ʃɑːp/
having a fine edge
Having an edge or point that can easily cut or pierce things.
/blʌnt/
not sharp
Having an edge or point that is not sharp. Also means speaking plainly and directly.
/taɪt/
firmly fixed; close-fitting
Held or fixed firmly, or fitting closely with little space.
/luːs/
not tight or firm
Not firmly fixed in place, or not fitting closely.
/weɪ/
measure heaviness
To measure how heavy something is, or to have a particular weight.
/ˈbɒrəʊd/
past tense of borrow
The past tense of 'borrow', meaning to have taken and used something belonging to someone else.
/seɪvd/
past tense of save
The past tense of 'save', meaning to have kept money, rescued someone, or stored data.
/ʃʌt/
close
To move something into a position that blocks an opening; to close. The form is the same in past tense.
/ʌnˈtaɪdi/
not neat
Not arranged neatly; in disorder.
/ˈpraɪs tæɡ/
label showing cost
A small label attached to an item showing how much it costs.
/ˈriːfʌnd/
money returned
Money that is given back to you, usually when you return goods. As a verb, to give such money back.
/kjuː/
line of waiting people
A line of people or vehicles waiting for something. As a verb, to wait in such a line.
/ʃrɪŋk/
become smaller
To become smaller in size, especially clothes after washing.
/swiːp/
clean with a brush
To clean a floor or surface by moving a brush across it to gather dust and dirt.
/waɪp/
clean by rubbing
To clean or dry a surface by rubbing it with a cloth or hand.
/spred/
open out; cover a surface
To open something out so it covers a larger area, or to put a soft substance over a surface.
/dɪm/
not bright
Not giving or having much light; faint or unclear.
/ɡræb/
take quickly
To take hold of something suddenly and roughly, or to get something quickly.
/tɒs/
throw lightly
To throw something lightly or carelessly, often a short distance.
/rest/
stop activity to relax
To stop working or moving in order to relax and get back your energy.
/haɪd/
put out of sight
To put something where it cannot be seen, or to go somewhere you cannot be found.
/θæŋks ə lɒt/
strong thank you
An informal way of expressing strong gratitude.
/hɜːt/
feel or cause pain
To feel pain, or to cause pain or injury to someone or something.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
very tired
Extremely tired, with no energy left.
/əˈnɔɪd/
slightly angry
Feeling slightly angry or impatient about something.
/ˈwʌrid/
anxious about something
Feeling anxious or troubled about something that might happen.
/ʃɒkt/
very surprised, often badly
Feeling very surprised and upset by something unexpected.
/stɪl/
continuing now; not moving
Continuing up to and including now. As an adjective, not moving.
/ˈprɒbəbli/
very likely
Used to say that something is likely to happen or be true.
/tuː/
more than wanted; also
To a greater degree than is acceptable, or meaning 'also'.
/iːtʃ ˈʌðə/
one another
Used to show that each of two or more people does something to the other.
/həʊl/
complete; entire
Complete or entire; with no part left out.
/speə/
extra; give freely
Kept in reserve and not being used. As a verb, to give time or money you can do without.
/tʃeɪs/
run after
To run after someone or something in order to catch them.
/swɒp/
exchange one for another
To give something and receive something else in return; to exchange.
/ˈwɒbəl/
move unsteadily side to side
To move unsteadily from side to side, or to make something do this.
/pɪk/
choose; gather
To choose something from a group, or to gather fruit or flowers.
/niːd/
must have
To require something because it is essential or very important.
/wɪʃ/
want something to happen
To want something to happen or be true, often something unlikely or impossible.
/miːn/
have as meaning; intend
To have a particular meaning, or to intend to do something.
/ˈmætə/
be important; problem
To be important or to make a difference. As a noun, a situation or problem.
/ˈprɒbləm/
difficult situation
A situation or thing that is difficult to deal with or needs to be solved.
/ˈriːzən/
cause or explanation
The cause of something, or an explanation for why something happens.
/weɪ/
method; route
A method of doing something, or a route or direction to a place.
/θɪŋ/
object or matter
An object, fact, action, or idea that is not named specifically.
/stʌf/
things in general
An informal word for things or possessions in general.
/bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/
personal possessions
The things that a person owns, especially those that can be carried.
/pleɪs/
location; put down
A particular position or area. As a verb, to put something somewhere carefully.
/spɒt/
particular place; small mark
A particular place or a small round mark. As a verb, to notice or see.
/ˈeəriə/
part of a place
A particular part of a place, town, or country.
/saɪd/
left or right part
A position to the left or right, or one of the surfaces or edges of something.
/ˈkɔːnə/
where two edges meet
The point or area where two lines, edges, or streets meet.
/tɒp/
highest part
The highest part or surface of something.
/ˈbɒtəm/
lowest part
The lowest part of something.
/ˈmɪdəl/
central part
The part of something that is at an equal distance from all its edges or ends.
/edʒ/
outer line of something
The outer line or border of an object or area, where it ends.
/piːs/
a part of something
A part or amount of something, especially a part that has come from a larger whole.
/peə/
two matching things
Two things of the same kind that are used or go together.
/bɪt/
a small amount
A small amount or piece of something.
/lɒt/
a large amount
A large number or amount, usually used as 'a lot' or 'lots'.
/sɔːt/
type; arrange
A type or kind of thing. As a verb, to arrange things into groups.
/pɑːt/
a piece of a whole
One of the pieces or sections that something is divided into.
/skrʌb/
rub hard to clean
To rub something hard, usually with a brush, to clean it.
/wʊd laɪk/
polite want
A polite way of saying that you want something.
/ɪnˈsted əv/
in place of
In place of someone or something else.
/əˈnʌðə/
one more; a different one
One more of the same kind, or a different one.
/ˈʌðə/
different one; remaining
Used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned, or the remaining ones.
/sʌtʃ/
of this kind; so much
Of this or that kind, or used to emphasise the degree of something.
/əʊn/
belonging to oneself; possess
Belonging to a particular person and no one else. As a verb, to possess something.
/ˈdeɪli/
every day
Happening, done, or produced every day.
/tɪl/
up to a time
Up to a particular time; an informal form of 'until'.
/əˈraʊnd/
approximately; surrounding
Approximately, or in a position surrounding something.
/θruː/
from one side to the other
From one end or side of something to the other.
/ɪn frʌnt əv/
facing the front side
In a position facing or just ahead of someone or something.
/nekst tuː/
beside
At the side of; very close to someone or something with nothing in between.
/dʌst/
remove fine dirt
To clean the fine dry dirt from surfaces. As a noun, that fine dry dirt itself.
/streɪt/
not bending; directly
Without a bend or curve, or going directly without stopping.
/oʊk/
hardwood tree
A large, long-living deciduous tree that produces acorns and very hard, durable wood.
/paɪn/
evergreen conifer
An evergreen coniferous tree with needle-shaped leaves and woody cones, common in cooler climates.
/ˈmeɪ.pəl/
broadleaf tree
A deciduous tree known for its distinctive lobed leaves and, in some species, sweet sap used to make syrup.
/ˈwɪl.oʊ/
drooping waterside tree
A tree or shrub with slender, flexible branches that often grows near water, including the weeping willow.
/ˈsiː.dər/
fragrant evergreen
A tall evergreen coniferous tree valued for its fragrant, durable, reddish wood.
/bɜːrtʃ/
white-barked tree
A slender deciduous tree recognised by its thin, often white or silver, peeling bark.
/elm/
tall shade tree
A large deciduous tree with rough, serrated leaves, once common along streets before Dutch elm disease.
/fɜːrn/
feathery spore plant
A flowerless green plant with feathery fronds that reproduces by spores rather than seeds.
/mɔːs/
soft green growth
A small, soft, flowerless plant that grows in dense green clumps in damp or shady places.
/ˈæl.dʒiː/
simple water plants
Simple plant-like organisms, mostly aquatic, that make food through photosynthesis but lack true roots and leaves.
/ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/
mould or mushroom
An organism such as a mushroom, mould, or yeast that feeds on organic matter and reproduces by spores.
/ˈlaɪ.ən/
big wild cat
A large, powerful wild cat of Africa and Asia, the males of which have a thick mane.
/ˈtaɪ.ɡər/
striped big cat
The largest living wild cat, with an orange coat marked by dark vertical stripes.
/ˈel.ɪ.fənt/
large tusked mammal
The largest living land animal, with a long trunk, large ears, and ivory tusks.
/weɪl/
giant sea mammal
A very large marine mammal that breathes air and nurses its young, including the blue whale.
/ˈdɒl.fɪn/
intelligent sea mammal
A small, highly intelligent marine mammal known for its playful behaviour and curved fin.
/ˈiː.ɡəl/
large bird of prey
A large, powerful bird of prey with keen eyesight and a hooked beak.
/wʊlf/
wild pack canine
A wild carnivorous mammal of the dog family that usually hunts in packs.
/beər/
large heavy mammal
A large, heavy mammal with thick fur and a short tail, such as the brown or polar bear.
/fɒks/
cunning wild canine
A small wild member of the dog family with a pointed muzzle and bushy tail, known for cunning.
/dɪər/
hoofed forest animal
A graceful hoofed mammal, the males of which usually grow and shed antlers each year.
/ˈræb.ɪt/
long-eared burrower
A small mammal with long ears, soft fur, and strong hind legs that lives in burrows.
/ˈskwɪr.əl/
bushy-tailed rodent
A small, agile rodent with a long bushy tail that lives in trees and gathers nuts.
/bæt/
flying night mammal
A nocturnal flying mammal with wings of skin, the only mammal capable of true flight.
/aʊl/
nocturnal bird
A bird of prey that hunts at night, with large forward-facing eyes and a flat face.
/ˈpær.ət/
colourful talking bird
A brightly coloured tropical bird with a curved beak, some species of which can mimic speech.
/ˈpeŋ.ɡwɪn/
flightless seabird
A flightless seabird of cold southern regions that swims well and stands upright on land.
/ˈkoʊ.brə/
hooded venomous snake
A venomous snake that spreads the skin of its neck into a hood when threatened.
/ˈkrɒk.ə.daɪl/
large water reptile
A large aquatic reptile with thick scaly skin, powerful jaws, and a long tail.
/frɒɡ/
jumping amphibian
A small tailless amphibian with long hind legs for jumping that lives in or near water.
/ˈbʌt.ər.flaɪ/
winged colourful insect
An insect with large, often brightly coloured wings that develops from a caterpillar.
/biː/
honey-making insect
A flying insect that collects nectar and pollen and, in many species, makes honey.
/ænt/
small social insect
A small insect that lives in highly organised colonies and is known for strength and industry.
/ˈspaɪ.dər/
eight-legged web-spinner
An eight-legged creature that spins silk webs to trap insects for food.
/wɜːrm/
soft legless crawler
A small, soft-bodied legless animal, such as an earthworm, that lives in soil or water.
/ˈdʒel.i.fɪʃ/
soft stinging sea animal
A soft, transparent sea creature with a body like jelly and trailing stinging tentacles.
/ʃɑːrk/
large predatory fish
A large fish with a cartilage skeleton and sharp teeth, many species of which are predators.
/ˈɒk.tə.pəs/
eight-armed sea creature
A soft-bodied sea creature with eight arms and remarkable intelligence and camouflage.
/ˈstɑːr.fɪʃ/
five-armed sea animal
A star-shaped marine animal, usually with five arms, that lives on the sea floor.
/kræb/
clawed shellfish
A sea creature with a hard shell, ten legs, and a pair of strong front claws.
/ˈkɒr.əl/
reef-building sea life
A hard, often colourful substance formed from the skeletons of tiny marine animals that build reefs.
/reɪn/
falling water drops
Water that falls from clouds in drops as part of the weather.
/snoʊ/
frozen white flakes
Soft white frozen water that falls from the sky in flakes in cold weather.
/heɪl/
falling ice pellets
Small balls of ice that fall from storm clouds, sometimes large enough to cause damage.
/ˈθʌn.dər/
storm rumble sound
The loud rumbling or crashing sound that follows a flash of lightning during a storm.
/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
flash of storm electricity
A bright flash of electricity in the sky during a storm.
/stɔːrm/
violent weather
A period of violent weather with strong wind, rain, and often thunder and lightning.
/ˈhʌr.ɪ.keɪn/
tropical cyclone
A very powerful tropical storm with violent winds spiralling around a calm centre.
/tɔːrˈneɪ.doʊ/
spinning windstorm
A violently rotating column of air that reaches from a storm cloud to the ground.
/ˈɜːrθ.kweɪk/
ground-shaking event
A sudden, violent shaking of the ground caused by movement deep within the earth.
/vɒlˈkeɪ.noʊ/
molten-rock mountain
A mountain with an opening through which molten rock, ash, and gas erupt from below.
/tsuːˈnɑː.mi/
giant sea wave
A very large, destructive sea wave caused by an undersea earthquake or eruption.
/flʌd/
overflow of water
A great overflow of water onto land that is normally dry.
/draʊt/
long dry period
A long period of unusually low rainfall that leads to a serious shortage of water.
/frɒst/
thin surface ice
A thin layer of tiny ice crystals that forms on surfaces when the temperature drops below freezing.
/fɒɡ/
thick low cloud
A thick cloud of tiny water droplets near the ground that makes it hard to see.
/mɪst/
light thin fog
A thin cloud of tiny water droplets in the air, lighter than fog.
/ˈreɪn.boʊ/
arc of colours
An arch of colours seen in the sky when sunlight passes through rain droplets.
/klaʊd/
mass of water vapour
A visible mass of tiny water droplets or ice floating high in the sky.
/ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
natural home
The natural home or environment in which a plant or animal normally lives.
/ˈspiː.ʃiːz/
kind of organism
A group of living things that share key features and can breed with one another.
/ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/
dying out of a species
The complete disappearance of a species, so that no members remain alive.
/ˌkɒn.sərˈveɪ.ʃən/
protection of nature
The careful protection and management of nature and natural resources.
/ˈwaɪld.laɪf/
wild animals and plants
Animals, birds, and other living things that live and grow in natural, wild conditions.
/pəˈluː.ʃən/
harmful contamination
The introduction of harmful substances into the air, water, or land.
/ˈklaɪ.mət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/
long-term weather shift
A long-term change in the Earth's weather patterns, especially the recent warming caused by human activity.
/rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl ˈen.ər.dʒi/
clean inexhaustible power
Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as sun, wind, and water.
/ˈsoʊ.lər/
relating to the sun
Relating to or powered by the energy of the sun.
/wɪnd ˈpaʊ.ər/
energy from wind
Electricity generated by using the wind to turn large turbines.
/ˈfɒs.əl ˌfjuːəl/
buried carbon fuel
A fuel such as coal, oil, or gas formed from the remains of ancient living things.
/diːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
clearing of forests
The cutting down or clearing of forests on a large scale.
/riːˈsaɪ.klɪŋ/
reusing waste material
The process of treating used materials so they can be used again.
/iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/
study of ecosystems
The branch of science that studies the relationships between living things and their environment.
/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/
natural surroundings
The natural world, or the surroundings in which people, animals, and plants live.
/ˈneɪ.tʃər rɪˌzɜːrv/
protected wild area
An area of land set aside and protected to conserve its wildlife and natural features.
/ˈfuːd ˌtʃeɪn/
feeding sequence
A series of living things in which each feeds on the one below it.
/ˈpred.ə.tər/
hunting animal
An animal that hunts and eats other animals to survive.
/preɪ/
hunted animal
An animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal.
/ˌsɪm.biˈoʊ.sɪs/
mutual living relationship
A close relationship between two different living things that often benefits both.
/ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/
plant food-making
The process by which green plants use sunlight to make food from water and carbon dioxide.
/ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/
gradual species change
The slow change of living things over many generations as they adapt to their surroundings.
/ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/
helpful inherited change
A feature or behaviour that helps a living thing survive better in its environment.
/ˌhaɪ.bərˈneɪ.ʃən/
winter deep sleep
A deep, sleep-like state in which some animals pass the winter to save energy.
/ˈkæm.ə.flɑːʒ/
blending disguise
Colours or patterns that help an animal blend into its surroundings to hide.
/feɪs/
front of the head
The front part of the head, from forehead to chin, where the eyes, nose, and mouth are.
/aɪ/
organ of sight
The organ of the body with which a person or animal sees.
/ɪər/
organ of hearing
The organ on each side of the head with which a person or animal hears.
/noʊz/
organ of smell
The part of the face used for breathing and smelling.
/maʊθ/
opening for eating
The opening in the face used for eating, speaking, and breathing.
/dʒɔː/
bony mouth frame
Either of the two bony structures that form the framework of the mouth and hold the teeth.
/nek/
head-to-body link
The part of the body that connects the head to the shoulders.
/ˈʃoʊl.dər/
arm-to-body joint
The part of the body where the arm joins the upper trunk.
/ɑːrm/
upper limb
Either of the two upper limbs of the body, from shoulder to hand.
/ˈel.boʊ/
middle arm joint
The joint in the middle of the arm where it bends.
/rɪst/
hand-to-arm joint
The joint between the hand and the forearm.
/ˈfɪŋ.ɡər/
digit of the hand
Any of the four slender parts at the end of the hand, not counting the thumb.
/θʌm/
short thick digit
The short, thick digit of the hand, set apart from the four fingers.
/tʃest/
front upper torso
The front part of the upper body, between the neck and the stomach.
/brest/
chest or mammary gland
Either of the two soft parts on the front of a woman's chest, or the chest generally.
/spaɪn/
backbone
The line of small bones down the centre of the back; the backbone.
/weɪst/
middle of the body
The narrow part of the body between the ribs and the hips.
/hɪp/
side of the pelvis
Either of the two parts of the body where the legs join the trunk at the side.
/leɡ/
lower limb
Either of the two long parts of the body used for standing and walking.
/niː/
middle leg joint
The joint in the middle of the leg where it bends.
/ˈæŋ.kəl/
foot-to-leg joint
The joint connecting the foot to the leg.
/toʊ/
digit of the foot
Any of the five small digits at the end of the foot.
/hiːl/
back of the foot
The rounded back part of the foot below the ankle.
/skɪn/
body's outer covering
The thin layer of tissue that covers the whole outside of the body.
/heər/
strands on the head
The fine thread-like strands that grow from the skin, especially on the head.
/neɪl/
hard tip of finger
The hard covering at the end of a finger or toe.
/breɪn/
organ of thought
The organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, and the body.
/lʌŋ/
breathing organ
Either of the two organs in the chest used for breathing.
/ˈlɪv.ər/
blood-cleaning organ
A large organ in the body that cleans the blood and helps digestion.
/ˈkɪd.ni/
waste-filtering organ
Either of two organs that filter waste from the blood to make urine.
/ˈstʌm.ək/
food-digesting organ
The organ inside the body where food is digested after being eaten.
/ɪnˈtes.tɪn/
digestive tube
The long tube below the stomach where food is further digested and absorbed.
/blʌd/
red body fluid
The red liquid that flows through the body carrying oxygen and nutrients.
/boʊn/
hard body part
Any of the hard parts that make up the skeleton of the body.
/ˈmʌs.əl/
tissue that moves body
The body tissue that contracts to produce movement and force.
/nɜːrv/
body signal fibre
A fibre that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body.
/veɪn/
blood-return vessel
A tube that carries blood back toward the heart.
/ˈɑːr.tər.i/
blood-carrying vessel
A tube that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.
/ɡlænd/
substance-making organ
An organ that produces and releases substances such as hormones or sweat.
/ˈhɔːr.moʊn/
body chemical messenger
A chemical made by the body that controls how organs and tissues work.
/sel/
tiny unit of life
The smallest basic unit of which all living things are made.
/ˈtɪʃ.uː/
group of body cells
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a function in the body.
/ˈɔːr.ɡən/
body part with a job
A part of the body, such as the heart or liver, that performs a specific function.
/ɪˈmjuːn ˌsɪs.təm/
body's defence network
The system in the body that fights off infections and disease.
/məˈtæb.ə.lɪz.əm/
body energy process
The chemical processes by which the body turns food into energy.
/ˈɪl.nəs/
state of being unwell
A condition of being physically or mentally unwell; a disease or sickness.
/dɪˈziːz/
specific medical disorder
A particular abnormal condition that harms the body, often with a known cause.
/ɪnˈfek.ʃən/
invasion by germs
Illness caused by harmful germs such as bacteria or viruses entering the body.
/ˈvaɪ.rəs/
tiny infectious agent
A tiny agent that causes disease by reproducing inside the cells of a host.
/bækˈtɪər.i.ə/
microscopic organisms
Tiny single-celled organisms, some of which cause disease and some of which are helpful.
/ˈfiː.vər/
high body temperature
A body temperature higher than normal, usually a sign of illness.
/peɪn/
unpleasant feeling
An unpleasant physical feeling caused by injury or illness.
/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/
swelling and redness
Redness, heat, and swelling in part of the body, often as a response to injury or infection.
/koʊld/
minor viral illness
A common, mild illness that causes a blocked or runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat.
/fluː/
influenza illness
A common infectious illness causing fever, aches, and tiredness; short for influenza.
/ˈhed.eɪk/
pain in the head
A continuous pain in the head.
/ˈstʌm.ək.eɪk/
pain in the belly
A pain felt in the stomach or abdomen.
/ˈtuːθ.eɪk/
pain in a tooth
A pain in or around a tooth.
/ˈbæk.eɪk/
pain in the back
A continuous pain in the back.
/ˈnɔː.zi.ə/
feeling of sickness
A feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit.
/ˈdɪz.i.nəs/
feeling unsteady
A feeling that one's surroundings are spinning or that one might fall.
/fəˈtiːɡ/
extreme tiredness
A state of extreme physical or mental tiredness.
/ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/
inability to sleep
A condition in which a person finds it very hard to fall or stay asleep.
/ˌdaɪ.əˈbiː.tiːz/
blood sugar disease
A disease in which the body cannot properly control the level of sugar in the blood.
/ˈkæn.sər/
abnormal cell growth
A serious disease in which abnormal cells grow and spread in the body.
/ˈæz.mə/
breathing condition
A condition that makes breathing difficult by narrowing the airways.
/ɑːrˈθraɪ.tɪs/
painful joint disease
A disease that causes pain and stiffness in the joints.
/dɪˈpreʃ.ən/
lasting low mood
A mental health condition marked by lasting sadness and loss of interest.
/æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/
worry and unease
A feeling of worry or unease, which can become a lasting condition.
/oʊˈbiː.sɪ.ti/
excess body fat
A medical condition of having too much body fat, which can harm health.
/ˌhaɪ.pərˈten.ʃən/
high blood pressure
A condition in which blood pressure is consistently too high.
/stroʊk/
sudden brain attack
A sudden, dangerous loss of blood flow to part of the brain.
/njuːˈmoʊ.ni.ə/
lung infection
A serious illness in which the lungs become inflamed and fill with fluid.
/ˈsɜːr.dʒən/
operating doctor
A doctor who treats patients by performing operations.
/ˈden.tɪst/
teeth doctor
A person trained to treat problems with the teeth and gums.
/ˈfɑːr.mə.sɪst/
medicine dispenser
A person trained to prepare and supply medicines.
/ˈθer.ə.pɪst/
treatment professional
A person trained to treat physical or mental conditions, often without surgery or drugs.
/ˈspeʃ.ə.lɪst/
expert doctor
A doctor who is an expert in one particular area of medicine.
/ˈklɪn.ɪk/
small medical centre
A place where people go to receive medical treatment or advice.
/ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/
medical institution
A large place where sick or injured people are treated and cared for.
/ˈmed.ɪ.sɪn/
treatment substance
A substance taken to treat or prevent illness, or the science of healing.
/prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/
doctor's medicine order
A written order from a doctor allowing a patient to get a particular medicine.
/ˈtæb.lɪt/
small solid medicine
A small, flat, solid piece of medicine to be swallowed.
/ˈkæp.sjuːl/
cased medicine dose
A small container that holds a dose of medicine and dissolves in the body.
/ɪnˈdʒek.ʃən/
medicine by needle
The act of putting medicine into the body with a needle.
/vækˈsiːn/
disease-preventing shot
A substance given to make the body resistant to a particular disease.
/ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/
bacteria-killing drug
A medicine that kills or stops the growth of harmful bacteria.
/ˈpeɪnˌkɪl.ər/
pain-relief medicine
A medicine that reduces or removes pain.
/ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/
added nutrient
Something taken in addition to food to add nutrients to the diet.
/ˈdoʊ.sɪdʒ/
amount of medicine
The amount of a medicine to be taken at one time or over a period.
/ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊ.sɪs/
identifying an illness
The act of identifying an illness from its signs and symptoms.
/ˈsɪmp.təm/
sign of illness
A physical or mental sign that indicates a disease or condition.
/ˈtriːt.mənt/
medical care
The care given to a patient to cure or manage an illness or injury.
/ˈsɜːr.dʒər.i/
medical operation
Medical treatment in which the body is cut open to repair or remove something.
/rɪˈkʌv.ər.i/
return to health
The process of becoming well again after illness or injury.
/ˌriː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
restoring ability
The process of helping someone return to health or normal life after illness or injury.
/ˈtʃek.ʌp/
routine examination
A routine medical examination to check that a person is healthy.
/ˈskriː.nɪŋ/
testing for disease
Testing many people for a disease before any symptoms appear.
/ˈblʌd ˌtest/
blood sample analysis
A medical test in which a sample of blood is examined.
/ˈeks.reɪ/
internal body image
A photograph of the inside of the body, especially the bones, made using radiation.
/ˈek.sər.saɪz/
physical activity
Physical activity done to stay fit and healthy.
/ˈfɪt.nəs/
physical health
The condition of being physically fit and healthy.
/ˈjoʊ.ɡə/
mind-body exercise
A practice of physical postures and breathing exercises for health and calm.
/ˌmed.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
calming mental practice
The practice of focusing the mind quietly to relax or gain insight.
/haɪˈdreɪ.ʃən/
keeping body watered
The process of giving the body enough water to work properly.
/weɪt/
heaviness of the body
How heavy a person or thing is, often referring to body mass.
/ˈpɒs.tʃər/
way of holding body
The position in which someone holds their body when sitting or standing.
/ˈpreɡ.nən.si/
carrying a baby
The condition of carrying a developing baby in the womb.
/bɜːrθ/
being born
The event of a baby coming out of its mother's body.
/ˈbrest.fiː.dɪŋ/
nursing a baby
The act of feeding a baby with milk from the mother's breast.
/ˈpjuː.bər.ti/
growing into adulthood
The stage at which a child's body matures and becomes capable of reproduction.
/ˈmen.ə.pɔːz/
end of menstruation
The time in a woman's life when menstruation naturally stops.
/ˈeɪ.dʒɪŋ/
growing older
The process of growing older and the changes that come with it.
/ˌdɪs.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
limiting condition
A physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
/ˈhæn.di.kæp/
disadvantage or impairment
A condition or circumstance that makes progress or success difficult.
/ˌfɜːrst ˈeɪd/
emergency basic care
Basic medical help given to an injured person before professional care arrives.
/ˌsiː.piːˈɑːr/
emergency heart revival
An emergency technique of chest compressions and breaths to restart breathing and heartbeat.
/ˈmen.təl helθ/
emotional wellbeing
A person's emotional and psychological wellbeing.
/stres/
mental pressure
A state of mental or emotional strain caused by difficult circumstances.
/ˈbɜːrn.aʊt/
exhaustion from overwork
A state of deep exhaustion caused by prolonged stress, especially at work.
/ˈtrɔː.mə/
deep emotional wound
A deeply distressing experience, or its lasting emotional effects.
/əˈdɪk.ʃən/
compulsive dependence
A condition of being unable to stop using or doing something harmful.
/wɪðˈdrɔː.əl/
stopping a substance
The unpleasant effects felt when a person stops using a substance they depend on.
/ˈkaʊn.sə.lɪŋ/
professional guidance talk
Professional help given by talking through personal or emotional problems.
/ˈmaɪnd.fəl.nəs/
present-moment awareness
The practice of being fully aware of the present moment in a calm way.
/smel/
sense of odour
The ability to sense odours, or the odour itself.
/tʌtʃ/
sense of contact
The sense by which contact with the skin is felt, or the act of touching.
/dʒɒb/
paid work
A regular paid position of employment.
/ˈsæl.ər.i/
regular work pay
A fixed amount of money paid regularly to an employee for their work.
/ˈbæl.əns/
steadiness, equilibrium
The ability to stay steady and upright without falling. It also means an even distribution of weight or forces.
/ˈriː.fleks/
automatic reaction
An automatic, involuntary movement made by the body in response to a stimulus, without conscious thought.
/koʊˌɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
smooth working together
The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. It also means organizing people or things to work well together.
/streŋkθ/
power, force
The physical power to lift, carry, or move things. It also means the quality of being mentally or emotionally strong.
/ˌflek.səˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
ability to bend
The ability of the body to bend and stretch easily. It also means willingness to change or adapt to new situations.
/pʌls/
heartbeat rhythm
The regular beating of the arteries as blood is pumped through them, felt at the wrist or neck.
/ˈblʌd ˌpreʃ.ər/
force of blood in arteries
The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body.
/kəˈles.tə.rɒl/
fatty blood substance
A fatty substance found in the blood and body cells. Too much of certain types can increase the risk of heart disease.
/ˈɒk.sɪ.dʒən/
breathable gas
A colorless gas that makes up part of the air and is essential for most living things to breathe and survive.
/ˈproʊ.tiːn/
body-building nutrient
A nutrient found in foods like meat, beans, and eggs that helps build and repair the body's tissues.
/ˌkɑːr.boʊˈhaɪ.dreɪt/
energy-giving nutrient
A nutrient found in foods like bread, rice, and pasta that the body uses as its main source of energy.
/fæt/
oily nutrient
An oily substance found in many foods that stores energy in the body. It is also a nutrient needed in moderate amounts.
/ˈvaɪ.tə.mɪn/
essential nutrient
A natural substance found in food that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work properly.
/ˈhaɪ.dʒiːn/
cleanliness practices
The practice of keeping yourself and your surroundings clean in order to stay healthy and prevent disease.
/ˌsæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
public cleanliness systems
The system of keeping places clean and healthy, especially by providing clean water and removing waste and sewage.
/ˈbæn.dɪdʒ/
wound wrapping
A strip of cloth or material wrapped around an injured part of the body to protect or support it.
/ˈstɪtʃ.ɪz/
surgical sutures
Small loops of thread used by doctors to hold the edges of a wound together so it can heal.
/splɪnt/
support for broken bone
A stiff piece of material used to support and protect a broken or injured bone and keep it still.
/krʌtʃ/
walking support
A long stick with a support that fits under the arm, used to help an injured person walk.
/ˈwiːl.tʃeər/
wheeled seat for mobility
A chair with wheels used by people who cannot walk or who have difficulty walking.
/prɒsˈθet.ɪk/
artificial body part
An artificial part, such as a leg or arm, made to replace a missing or damaged part of the body.
/ˈaɪ.saɪt/
ability to see
The ability to see; the power of vision. It describes how well a person can see things.
/ˈkɒn.tækt ˌlenz/
lens worn on the eye
A thin, curved piece of plastic placed directly on the surface of the eye to correct vision.
/ˈhɪə.rɪŋ ˌeɪd/
device to improve hearing
A small electronic device worn in or behind the ear that makes sounds louder for a person with hearing loss.
/breɪs/
supporting device
A device worn to support or straighten part of the body, such as the back, knee, or teeth.
/kɑːst/
hard protective covering
A hard covering, often made of plaster, placed around a broken bone to hold it still while it heals.
/slɪŋ/
arm support band
A band of cloth tied around the neck to support an injured arm or hand and keep it still.
/θəˈmɒm.ɪ.tər/
temperature measuring device
An instrument used to measure temperature, including the temperature of the human body.
/ˈsteθ.ə.skoʊp/
doctor's listening device
A medical instrument that doctors use to listen to sounds inside the body, such as the heart and lungs.
/ˈskæl.pəl/
surgical knife
A small, very sharp knife used by surgeons to cut into the body during operations.
/kəˈrɪər/
professional life path
The series of jobs or progress a person makes in a particular type of work over their working life.
/prəˈfeʃ.ən/
skilled occupation
A type of job that needs special education, training, or skill, such as law, medicine, or teaching.
/ˌɒk.jʊˈpeɪ.ʃən/
job, line of work
A person's regular job or profession. It can also mean the act of taking control of a place.
/ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/
state of having work
The condition of having paid work, or the act of giving someone a job.
/ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/
lack of jobs
The state of not having a job, or the number of people in a country who do not have paid work.
/weɪdʒ/
pay for hourly work
Money paid to a worker, usually based on the number of hours or days worked.
/ˈɪn.kʌm/
money received
The money that a person or organization receives, especially regularly, from work or investments.
/ˈboʊ.nəs/
extra payment
An extra amount of money given to an employee in addition to their normal pay, often as a reward.
/kəˈmɪʃ.ən/
pay based on sales
Money paid to someone based on the amount they sell. It can also mean an official group or a task given to someone.
/ˈpen.ʃən/
retirement income
A regular payment made to a person after they retire from work, usually based on years of service.
/ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/
advantage, perk
An advantage or profit gained from something. At work, it also means extra services like health insurance.
/ˈkɒn.trækt/
legal agreement
A written or spoken agreement, especially one that is legally binding, between two or more parties.
/əˈɡriː.mənt/
mutual understanding
A decision or arrangement, often formal, that two or more people or groups make together.
/nɪˌɡoʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
discussion to reach a deal
The process of discussing something with others in order to reach an agreement.
/diːl/
business arrangement
An agreement, especially in business, in which both sides gain something. It can also mean a good bargain.
/ˈpɑːrt.nər.ʃɪp/
joint business relationship
A relationship in which two or more people or organizations work together, often sharing profits and risks.
/ˈmɜːr.dʒər/
combining of companies
The joining of two companies or organizations into a single larger one.
/ˈkʌm.pə.ni/
business organization
A business organization that makes money by selling goods or services. It can also mean companionship.
/ˌkɔːr.pəˈreɪ.ʃən/
large registered company
A large company or group of companies recognized by law as a single entity separate from its owners.
/fɜːrm/
business company
A business company, especially one that provides professional services such as law or accounting.
/ˈstɑːrt.ʌp/
new young company
A newly formed company, especially one in technology, that is growing and looking for investment.
/ˈen.tər.praɪz/
business venture
A business or company, or a difficult and important project. It also means the willingness to take risks in business.
/ˈɪn.də.stri/
branch of production
The companies and activities involved in producing a particular type of goods or service.
/ˈsek.tər/
part of the economy
A distinct part of an economy, society, or area of activity, such as the public or private sector.
/treɪd/
buying and selling
The activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially between countries or businesses.
/ˈkɒm.ɜːrs/
large-scale trade
The activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale or between different places.
/ˈfaɪ.næns/
management of money
The management of large amounts of money, especially by governments, companies, or banks.
/ˈbæŋ.kɪŋ/
business of banks
The business activity of banks, including keeping money safe, lending it, and managing accounts.
/ɪnˈvest.mənt/
money put in for profit
The act of putting money into something, such as a business or property, hoping to make a profit.
/ˈprɒf.ɪt/
financial gain
The money a business makes after all its costs have been paid; financial gain.
/lɒs/
money lost; something gone
The fact of losing money in business, or the state of no longer having something or someone.
/ˈrev.ə.njuː/
total income earned
The total amount of money that a business or government receives, especially from its regular activities.
/ɪkˈspens/
cost, money spent
The money that a person or business spends on something; a cost.
/tæks/
money paid to government
Money that people and businesses must pay to the government to fund public services.
/ˈɔː.dɪt/
official financial check
An official examination of a company's financial records to check that they are correct and honest.
/əˈkaʊn.tɪŋ/
recording of finances
The process of keeping and checking financial records of a business or person.
/ˈbʊkˌkiː.pɪŋ/
recording daily accounts
The activity of recording the money that a business spends and receives in an organized way.
/ˈpeɪ.roʊl/
list of employee wages
The list of a company's employees and the money paid to each, or the total amount paid in wages.
/ˈɪn.vɔɪs/
bill for goods or services
A document that lists goods or services provided and states how much money is owed for them.
/rɪˈsiːt/
proof of payment
A piece of paper or digital record showing that money has been received for goods or services.
/ˈpeɪ.mənt/
money given for something
The act of paying money, or the amount of money paid for goods, services, or a debt.
/trænˈzæk.ʃən/
business exchange
An instance of buying or selling something, or an exchange of money between people or accounts.
/det/
money owed
An amount of money that one person or organization owes to another.
/loʊn/
borrowed money
An amount of money that is borrowed, usually from a bank, and must be paid back over time.
/ˈmɔːr.ɡɪdʒ/
home loan
A loan, usually from a bank, used to buy a house or property, paid back over many years.
/ˈɪn.trəst/
charge on borrowed money
The extra money paid for borrowing, or earned for saving. It also means a feeling of wanting to know more.
/stɒk/
company shares; supply
A share in the ownership of a company, or the total goods a business has available to sell.
/ʃeər/
unit of company ownership
One of the equal parts into which a company's value is divided and which people can buy.
/bɒnd/
loan investment certificate
A certificate showing that you have lent money to a government or company that will be paid back with interest.
/ˈæs.et/
valuable thing owned
Something valuable that a person or company owns, such as money, property, or equipment.
/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/
rising prices
A general increase in prices over time, which means money buys less than it did before.
/dɪˈfleɪ.ʃən/
falling prices
A general fall in prices over time, the opposite of inflation, which can slow down an economy.
/ɡroʊθ/
increase, expansion
The process of increasing in size, amount, or importance, as with a business or economy.
/ˌproʊ.dʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/
rate of output
The rate at which goods are produced or work is done, especially compared to the time and effort used.
/ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/
doing well without waste
The quality of doing something well and quickly, without wasting time, money, or energy.
/ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
new idea or method
A new idea, method, or product, or the process of creating and introducing such new things.
/tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
applied scientific tools
The use of scientific knowledge to create tools, machines, and systems that solve problems or do work.
/ˌdɪdʒ.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
converting to digital form
The process of changing information or business processes into a digital, computer-readable form.
/ˈstræt.ə.dʒi/
plan to reach a goal
A carefully designed plan to achieve a long-term aim, especially in business, war, or politics.
/ˈplæn.ɪŋ/
deciding actions ahead
The process of thinking carefully about and deciding what to do before doing it.
/ˈfɔːr.kæs.tɪŋ/
predicting the future
The process of predicting what is likely to happen in the future, based on present information.
/əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/
detailed examination
The detailed study of something by breaking it into parts to understand it better.
/rɪˈsɜːrtʃ/
careful investigation
The careful study of a subject to discover new facts or reach a deeper understanding.
/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
growth or creation process
The process of growing, improving, or creating something over time, such as a product or skill.
/ˈmɑːr.kɪ.tɪŋ/
promoting products
The activity of promoting and selling products or services, including research and advertising.
/ˈæd.vər.taɪ.zɪŋ/
paid promotion
The activity of making products or services known to people through paid messages, such as commercials or posters.
/ˈbræn.dɪŋ/
creating a brand image
The activity of creating a particular image or identity for a product or company in people's minds.
/ˌpʌb.lɪk rɪˈleɪ.ʃənz/
managing public image
The work of managing how the public sees a company or person, especially through the media.
/seɪlz/
selling activity or amount
The activity of selling goods or services, or the total amount of products sold.
/ˈkʌs.tə.mər/
person who buys
A person who buys goods or services from a shop or business.
/ˈklaɪ.ənt/
person using a service
A person or organization that uses the professional services of another, such as a lawyer or designer.
/kənˈsuː.mər/
person who uses goods
A person who buys and uses goods and services, especially considered as part of the wider economy.
/səˈplaɪ.ər/
provider of goods
A company or person that provides goods or materials to a business or customer.
/ˈven.dər/
seller of goods
A person or company that sells something, especially in a street market or to other businesses.
/dɪˈstrɪb.jə.tər/
company that supplies goods to sellers
A company that buys goods from manufacturers and supplies them to shops or other businesses.
/ˈriː.teɪ.lər/
seller to the public
A business or person that sells goods directly to the public, usually in small quantities.
/ˈhoʊlˌseɪ.lər/
seller of bulk goods
A business that buys large quantities of goods and sells them, usually to shops rather than the public.
/ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃər.ər/
maker of goods
A company or person that makes goods in large quantities, usually in a factory.
/ˈprɒd.ʌkt/
thing made to sell
Something that is made or grown to be sold, or a result of a process.
/ˈsɜːr.vɪs/
helpful work for others
Work done for customers that does not produce goods, such as banking, repairs, or transport.
/ˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/
standard of goodness
How good or bad something is, or a particular feature of someone or something.
/ˈstæn.dərd/
level used to judge
A level of quality or achievement used as a measure, or a rule that things are expected to meet.
/ˌreɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
official rule
An official rule made by a government or organization to control how something is done.
/ˈpɒl.ɪ.si/
official plan of action
A set of ideas or a plan of action agreed by a government, business, or organization.
/prəˈsiː.dʒər/
set way of doing something
An established or official way of doing something, with steps done in a fixed order.
/ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/
general advice or rule
A piece of advice or a rule that suggests how something should be done.
/ˈhedˌkwɔːr.tərz/
main office
The main office of an organization, from which it is controlled and managed.
/dɪˈpɑːrt.mənt/
division of an organization
A part of a large organization, business, or government that deals with a particular area of work.
/dɪˈvɪʒ.ən/
major company section
A large, separate part of a company or organization, often bigger than a department.
/ˈprɒdʒ.ekt/
planned piece of work
A planned piece of work that has a particular aim and is usually done over a set period.
/tɑːsk/
piece of work to do
A piece of work that must be done, usually as part of a larger job or duty.
/ˈtɑːr.ɡɪt/
aim, goal to reach
A result or level that you aim to reach, or an object that you try to hit.
/ɡoʊl/
aim, desired result
Something that you hope to achieve in the future; an aim. In sport, it is also a point scored.
/pərˈfɔːr.məns/
how well something works
How well a person, machine, or organization does a task. It also means a public show or play.
/ɪˌvæl.juˈeɪ.ʃən/
careful assessment
The act of carefully judging the value, quality, or importance of something.
/ˈfiːd.bæk/
comments on performance
Comments and information about how well someone has done something, used to help them improve.
/əˈpreɪ.zəl/
formal review of work
A formal judgment of someone's work or the value of something, often done once a year at work.
/prəˈmoʊ.ʃən/
move to higher job
A move to a more important job or rank at work. It can also mean an effort to sell something.
/diˈmoʊ.ʃən/
move to lower job
A move to a less important job or rank at work, the opposite of a promotion.
/ˌrez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/
act of quitting a job
The act of officially leaving a job. It can also mean accepting something bad without complaint.
/ˈɪn.tər.vjuː/
formal meeting of questions
A formal meeting where someone is asked questions, especially to decide if they are right for a job.
/ˌæp.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
formal request
A formal written request, for example for a job or a place at a school. It can also mean a computer program.
/ˈrez.ʊ.meɪ/
summary of work history
A short written document listing a person's education, work experience, and skills, used when applying for a job.
/ˈref.ər.əns/
recommendation; mention
A statement about someone's character or ability, often from a former employer. It also means a mention of something.
/ˌrek.ə.menˈdeɪ.ʃən/
suggestion of approval
A suggestion that something or someone is good and should be chosen or used.
/ˈtreɪ.nɪŋ/
teaching of skills
The process of learning the skills needed to do a job or activity, through practice and teaching.
/əˈpren.tɪs.ʃɪp/
learning a trade on the job
A period of time spent learning a skilled trade by working under an experienced person.
/ˈɪn.tɜːrn.ʃɪp/
temporary work experience
A period of work, often for a student or new graduate, done to gain experience in a particular field.
/ˈmen.tɔːr.ʃɪp/
guidance by an expert
A relationship in which an experienced person guides and advises a less experienced one.
/ˈliː.dər.ʃɪp/
ability to lead
The ability to guide and inspire a group of people, or the people who lead an organization.
/ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/
running an organization
The activity of controlling and organizing a business, or the people who do this.
/ˌsuː.pərˈvɪʒ.ən/
watching over work
The act of watching over a person or activity to make sure it is done correctly and safely.
/ˌdel.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
giving tasks to others
The act of giving part of your work or power to someone else. It also means a group sent to represent others.
/kəˌlæb.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
working together
The act of working together with others to produce or achieve something.
/kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
sharing of information
The act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas, or feelings with others.
/ˌprez.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/
formal talk to an audience
A talk in which someone shows and explains information to a group of people.
/rɪˈpɔːrt/
written account
A written or spoken account that gives information about something after studying or examining it.
/prəˈpoʊ.zəl/
formal plan or offer
A formal suggestion or plan put forward for others to consider. It can also mean an offer of marriage.
/pɪtʃ/
persuasive sales talk
A short, persuasive talk meant to convince someone to buy something or support an idea.
/ˈkɒn.fər.əns/
large formal meeting
A large official meeting, usually lasting several days, where people discuss a particular subject.
/ˈwɜːrk.ʃɒp/
hands-on training session
A meeting where people learn or practice skills through discussion and activity. It also means a place where things are made or repaired.
/ˈsem.ɪ.nɑːr/
small teaching meeting
A meeting for discussion or training, usually with a small group studying a particular subject.
/ˈweb.ɪ.nɑːr/
online seminar
A seminar or presentation given over the internet, which people watch and join from their own computers.
/ˌmiː.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
help to settle a dispute
The process in which a neutral person helps two sides in a dispute reach an agreement.
/ˌɑːr.bɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/
binding dispute resolution
The process of settling a dispute by having an independent person make a binding decision.
/ˌlɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
legal court action
The process of taking a dispute to a court of law to settle it.
/ˈset.əl.mənt/
agreement ending a dispute
An official agreement that ends a dispute or argument, often involving payment. It also means a small community.
/ˌɪn.təlˈek.tʃu.əl ˈprɒp.ər.ti/
legal rights to ideas
Creations of the mind, such as inventions, designs, and brand names, that are protected by law.
/ˈpæt.ənt/
legal right to an invention
An official right given by a government that allows only the inventor to make or sell their invention for a set time.
/ˈtreɪd.mɑːrk/
protected brand symbol
A name, symbol, or design used by a company that is legally registered so others cannot use it.
/ˈkɒp.i.raɪt/
legal right to a work
The legal right to be the only one who can copy, sell, or publish a piece of writing, music, or art.
/ˈlaɪ.səns/
official permission
An official document that gives permission to do, own, or use something.
/ˈfræn.tʃaɪz/
right to run a branded business
The right to sell a company's goods or services in a particular area using its brand name.
/ˈaʊtˌsɔːr.sɪŋ/
hiring outside firms for work
The practice of paying another company to do work that was previously done inside your own company.
/ˈɒfˌʃɔːr.ɪŋ/
moving work to another country
The practice of moving a company's work or operations to another country, usually to lower costs.
/kənˈsʌl.tɪŋ/
giving expert advice
The business of giving expert advice to companies or people for a fee.
/ədˈvaɪ.zər.i/
advice service or warning
A service that gives advice, or an official warning. As an adjective, it means having the power to advise.
/səˈplaɪ tʃeɪn/
system of producing and delivering goods
The whole system of people, companies, and steps involved in making a product and getting it to the customer.
/ˈɪn.vən.tɔːr.i/
list of stock or goods
All the goods that a shop or business has in stock, or a complete list of them.
/ˈweər.haʊs/
large storage building
A large building where goods are stored before they are sold or sent out.
/ˈʃɪp.ɪŋ/
sending of goods
The activity of sending goods from one place to another, or the cost of doing so.
/ˈɪm.pɔːrt/
goods brought into a country
A product brought into one country from another to be sold, or the act of bringing it in.
/ˈek.spɔːrt/
goods sent to other countries
A product sent from one country to another to be sold, or the act of sending it.
/ˈtær.ɪf/
tax on imports
A tax that a government places on goods coming into or leaving a country.
/ˈkwoʊ.tə/
fixed limited amount
A fixed amount or number of something that is officially allowed or required.
/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/
penalty or official approval
An official penalty against a country or group, or, with the opposite meaning, official permission.
/ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr.ʃɪp/
starting and running businesses
The activity of starting and running businesses, often taking financial risks to do so.
/ˈven.tʃər ˌkæp.ɪ.təl/
money invested in startups
Money invested in new or small businesses that are seen as risky but able to grow quickly.
/ˈeɪn.dʒəl ɪnˈves.tər/
individual who funds startups
A wealthy person who gives money to a new business in its early stages in return for a share of it.
/ˈɪn.kjə.beɪ.tər/
organization nurturing startups
An organization that helps new companies grow by providing space, advice, and support. It also means a device for keeping eggs or babies warm.
/əkˈsel.ə.reɪ.tər/
program speeding startup growth
A program that helps startups grow quickly through intense support over a short period. It also means a car's gas pedal.
/ˈpɪtʃ dek/
slides to present a business
A short set of slides used to present a business idea to investors or partners.
/ˈbɪz.nəs plæn/
document outlining a business
A written document that describes a business's goals and how it plans to achieve them.
/ˈmɑːr.kɪt rɪˈsɜːrtʃ/
study of customers and markets
The activity of collecting information about what customers want and how a market behaves.
/ˌfiː.zəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
whether something is possible
The degree to which something is possible or practical to do.
/rɪˈmoʊt wɜːrk/
working away from the office
Work done from home or another place away from the company's office, usually using the internet.
/ˈfriː.lɑːns/
self-employed, project-based
Working for different companies on separate projects rather than being employed by just one.
/ˈɡɪɡ ɪˌkɒn.ə.mi/
short-term flexible work system
A way of working in which people do many short-term or freelance jobs rather than one permanent job.
/ˈkoʊˌwɜːr.kɪŋ/
shared workspace use
The use of a shared office space by people who work for different companies or themselves.
/ˈtel.ɪ.kəˌmjuː.tɪŋ/
working from home via technology
Working from home or away from the office while staying connected by telephone and the internet.
/ˈhaɪ.brɪd wɜːrk/
mix of office and remote work
A way of working in which employees split their time between the office and working from home.
/ˈhed.kaʊnt/
number of employees
The total number of people employed by a company or working in a particular group.
/ˈleɪ.ɒf/
dismissal of workers
The act of a company ending workers' jobs, usually because there is not enough work or money.
/ˌriːˈstrʌk.tʃər.ɪŋ/
reorganizing a company
The act of organizing a company in a new way, often to make it more efficient or to reduce debt.
/ˈkɔːr.pər.ət ˈkʌl.tʃər/
shared company values and behavior
The shared values, beliefs, and ways of behaving that exist within a company.
/daɪˈvɜːr.sɪ.ti/
variety of people or things
The state of including many different types of people or things, such as different races, ages, or ideas.
/ɪnˈkluː.ʒən/
involving everyone
The act of making sure that everyone is included and treated fairly, regardless of their differences.
/ˈwɜːrk.pleɪs ˈseɪf.ti/
protection of workers
The practice of protecting workers from injury and danger while they are doing their jobs.
/ˈleɪ.bər lɔː/
rules about work and workers
The area of law that deals with the rights of workers and the duties of employers.
/ˈjuː.njən/
organized group of workers
An organized group of workers formed to protect their rights and improve their pay and conditions.
/kəˈlek.tɪv ˈbɑːr.ɡɪn.ɪŋ/
group negotiation over work terms
Negotiation between an employer and a group of workers, usually through a union, about pay and conditions.
/straɪk/
organized work stoppage
A period when workers stop working as a protest, usually to demand better pay or conditions.
/ˈsev.ər.əns/
payment on leaving a job
Money paid to an employee when their job ends, often when they are laid off.
/ˈkʌs.təm/
usual social practice
A way of behaving or doing something that is usual among a particular group of people.
/ˈrɪtʃ.u.əl/
set ceremonial actions
A set of actions performed in a fixed order, often as part of a religious or traditional ceremony.
/ˈser.ə.moʊ.ni/
formal ritual event
A formal event with set actions, performed to mark an important occasion such as a wedding.
/ˌsel.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/
joyful marking of an event
A special enjoyable event or activity held to mark a happy occasion or achievement.
/skuːl/
place for learning
A place where children go to learn, or an institution for teaching a particular subject.
/ˌsɪv.ɪ.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
advanced human society
A complex society marked by cities, government, writing, and cultural development. It often refers to a particular stage or form of human social organization.
/dɪˈmɒk.rə.si/
rule by the people
A system of government in which citizens hold power, usually by electing representatives or voting on issues. It values majority rule and protection of rights.
/rɪˈpʌb.lɪk/
state without a monarch
A form of government in which power rests with elected representatives and an elected leader rather than a monarch. The people are considered the source of authority.
/ˈmɒn.ə.ki/
rule by a king or queen
A form of government headed by a single ruler, such as a king or queen, who usually inherits the position. Power may be absolute or limited by law.
/dɪkˈteɪ.tə.ʃɪp/
rule by one ruler
A system of government in which one person or a small group holds absolute power, usually without free elections. It often suppresses opposition and personal freedoms.
/ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/
fundamental laws of a state
The set of basic principles and laws by which a country or organization is governed. It defines the structure of government and the rights of citizens.
/ˈɡʌv.ən.mənt/
ruling body of a state
The group of people and institutions that rule a country, state, or community and make and enforce its laws. It also refers to the system of ruling itself.
/ˈpɑː.lə.mənt/
national legislative body
The supreme law-making assembly of a country, made up of elected and sometimes appointed members. It debates issues and passes laws.
/ˈkɒŋ.ɡres/
national legislature
A formal assembly of representatives that makes laws, especially the national legislature of the United States and some other countries. It can also mean a large formal meeting.
/lɔː/
rule enforced by authority
A rule or system of rules created and enforced by a government or society to regulate behavior. It can also mean the whole body of such rules.
/ˈdʒʌs.tɪs/
fairness, lawful treatment
The fair and reasonable treatment of people, and the upholding of what is morally right and lawful. It also names the system that enforces the law.
/raɪts/
legal or moral entitlements
The freedoms and protections that a person is morally or legally entitled to. They define what individuals may do and how they must be treated.
/ˈfriː.dəm/
state of being free
The power or right to act, speak, and think as one wants without unjust restriction. It also means the state of not being imprisoned or enslaved.
/ɪˈkwɒl.ə.ti/
state of being equal
The state in which all people have the same status, rights, and opportunities. It is a key goal in discussions of fairness and social justice.
/ˈlɪb.ə.ti/
freedom from control
The condition of being free from oppressive restriction by authority. It often refers to political and personal freedoms guaranteed to citizens.
/ˌhjuː.mən ˈraɪts/
basic rights of all people
The basic freedoms and protections that belong to every person simply because they are human. They include rights to life, liberty, and fair treatment.
/ˌsɪv.əl ˈraɪts/
rights of citizens
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, protected by law. They include the right to vote, to equal treatment, and to be free from discrimination.
/ˈsen.sə.ʃɪp/
suppression of expression
The act of suppressing or removing speech, writing, or other material considered objectionable by an authority. It limits what people can publish or say.
/ˌprɒp.əˈɡæn.də/
biased political messaging
Information, often biased or misleading, spread to promote a political cause or point of view. It aims to influence opinion rather than inform fairly.
/ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
process of learning
The process of teaching and learning knowledge, skills, and values, usually at schools or universities. It also names the system that provides this.
/ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/
higher education institution
An institution of higher learning that grants degrees and conducts research across many subjects. Students usually attend after finishing secondary school.
/kəˈrɪk.jʊ.ləm/
course of study
The subjects and content taught in a school, college, or course of study. It outlines what students are expected to learn.
/ˈlɪt.ər.ə.si/
ability to read and write
The ability to read and write, and more broadly competence in a particular area. Rising literacy is a common measure of social progress.
/ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/
facts and understanding
The facts, information, and understanding that a person gains through experience or education. It also means awareness of a particular fact or situation.
/ˈwɪz.dəm/
good judgment from experience
The quality of having good judgment and deep understanding, often gained through experience. It involves knowing how to act sensibly and well.
/ˈɪɡ.nər.əns/
lack of knowledge
A lack of knowledge, information, or awareness about something. It can be innocent or the result of refusing to learn.
/bɪˈliːf/
something accepted as true
An acceptance that something is true or real, often without proof. It can be religious, political, or personal.
/rɪˈlɪdʒ.ən/
system of worship
A system of belief and worship centered on a god, gods, or sacred principles. It usually involves shared practices, texts, and moral teachings.
/ˌspɪr.ɪ.tʃuˈæl.ə.ti/
concern with the spirit
A concern with the human spirit or soul rather than material things, often outside organized religion. It involves seeking meaning, inner peace, or connection.
/feɪθ/
strong belief, trust
Strong belief or trust in someone or something, often without proof, and especially in a religious sense. It can also mean a particular religion.
/preər/
address to a deity
A spoken or silent address to a god or sacred power, often asking for help or giving thanks. It can also mean an earnest hope.
/tʃɜːtʃ/
Christian place of worship
A building used for Christian worship, or the wider community of Christians. It can also refer to a particular Christian organization.
/ˈsɪn.ə.ɡɒɡ/
Jewish place of worship
A building where Jewish people gather for worship, prayer, and study. It also serves as a center of community life.
/ˈlɪt.rə.tʃər/
written artistic works
Written works valued for their artistic quality, such as novels, poems, and plays. It can also mean all the writings on a particular subject.
/ˈpəʊ.ɪ.tri/
verse, poems
Literary work in verse, using rhythm, imagery, and often rhyme to express feelings and ideas. It can also describe something with a graceful, expressive quality.
/ˈθɪə.tər/
drama performance art
The art of performing plays before an audience, or a building where such performances take place. It also means dramatic works as a whole.
/ˈsɪn.ə.mə/
films, movie theater
The art and industry of making films, or a building where films are shown. It also refers to the body of films from a country or era.
/ˈpeɪn.tɪŋ/
art with paint
The art of applying paint to a surface to create images, or a single such work. It is one of the oldest forms of visual art.
/ˈskʌlp.tʃər/
three-dimensional art
The art of shaping solid materials like stone, metal, or clay into three-dimensional works, or such a work itself. It can stand freely or be carved in relief.
/fəˈtɒɡ.rə.fi/
art of taking photos
The art and practice of creating images by recording light, usually with a camera. It is used for art, journalism, and personal memories.
/ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/
art of designing buildings
The art and science of designing and constructing buildings, or a particular style of building. It also describes the structure of complex systems.
/ˈfæʃ.ən/
popular clothing style
A popular style of clothing, hair, or behavior at a particular time, or the industry that produces clothing. It also means a manner of doing something.
/staɪl/
distinctive manner
A distinctive way of doing, designing, or expressing something. It can also mean elegance or a particular fashion.
/dɪˈzaɪn/
plan or arrangement
A plan or drawing showing how something will look or work, or the arrangement of its parts. It can also mean intention or purpose.
/ˈkrɑːfts.mən.ʃɪp/
skill in making things
The skill and care shown in making something by hand. It often refers to high-quality, detailed work.
/ˈɑː.tɪ.zæn/
skilled craftsperson
A skilled worker who makes things by hand, such as furniture, pottery, or bread. The word also describes high-quality, traditionally made goods.
/ˈfəʊk.lɔːr/
traditional popular beliefs
The traditional stories, customs, and beliefs of a community, passed down by word of mouth. It reflects a people's shared culture and values.
/mɪˈθɒl.ə.dʒi/
body of myths
A collection of myths, especially the traditional stories of a particular culture about gods and heroes. It also means the study of such stories.
/ˈledʒ.ənd/
traditional famous story
A traditional story, sometimes based on real events, that is widely believed but cannot be proved. It can also mean a very famous person.
/ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ/
system of communication
A system of words and rules that people use to communicate, in speech or writing. It can also mean a particular style of expression.
/ˈdaɪ.ə.lekt/
regional form of language
A form of a language spoken in a particular region or by a particular group, with its own words and pronunciation. It differs from the standard form.
/ˈæk.sənt/
way of pronouncing
A distinctive way of pronouncing a language, typical of a region or group. It can also mean special emphasis on a syllable or feature.
/trænzˈleɪ.ʃən/
rendering into another language
The act of expressing the meaning of speech or writing in another language, or the result of doing so. It allows communication across languages.
/ɪnˌtɜː.prɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
explanation of meaning
An explanation of the meaning of something, or the act of translating speech between languages as it is spoken. It reflects how something is understood.
/baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwə.lɪ.zəm/
use of two languages
The ability to speak two languages fluently, or the regular use of two languages in a community. It is common in many parts of the world.
/ˌmʌl.tiˈlɪŋ.ɡwə.lɪ.zəm/
use of many languages
The ability to use several languages, or the presence of many languages in a society. It is valued in increasingly connected, diverse communities.
/slæŋ/
informal casual language
Very informal words and expressions used by a particular group or in casual speech. Slang often changes quickly and may not be understood by outsiders.
/ˈdʒɑː.ɡən/
specialized technical terms
Special words and phrases used by a particular profession or group that are hard for others to understand. It can make communication efficient but exclusive.
/ˈɪd.i.əm/
fixed figurative phrase
A fixed phrase whose meaning cannot be guessed from its individual words, such as 'kick the bucket'. It also means a characteristic style of expression.
/ˈmiː.di.ə/
means of mass communication
The main means of mass communication, such as television, radio, newspapers, and the internet, taken collectively. It shapes how the public receives information.
/ˈdʒɜː.nə.lɪ.zəm/
reporting of news
The work of gathering, writing, and reporting news for newspapers, broadcasts, or websites. Good journalism aims to inform the public accurately.
/njuːz/
reports of recent events
Reports of recent events, especially as presented by media outlets. It can also mean any new information about someone or something.
/ˈbrɔːd.kɑːs.tɪŋ/
transmitting programs
The activity of transmitting programs to the public by radio or television. It reaches large audiences at the same time.
/ˌsəʊ.ʃəl ˈmiː.di.ə/
online sharing platforms
Websites and applications that let people create, share, and respond to content and connect with others. They have transformed modern communication.
/ˈpɒd.kɑːst/
downloadable audio series
A digital audio program, often released in episodes, that listeners can stream or download. Podcasts cover news, stories, interviews, and more.
/ˌmæɡ.əˈziːn/
periodical publication
A publication issued regularly, containing articles, photographs, and advertisements on various topics. It can be printed or digital.
/ˈnjuːzˌpeɪ.pər/
printed daily news
A printed publication, usually issued daily or weekly, that reports news and carries articles and advertisements. Many now also publish online.
/spɔːt/
competitive physical activity
A physical activity involving skill and competition, played for enjoyment or as a profession. It can also mean such activities in general.
/ˌkɒm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/
contest, rivalry
An event in which people try to win by being better than others, or the act of competing in general. It also means the rivals one competes against.
/æθˈlet.ɪks/
track and field sports
Sports involving running, jumping, and throwing, such as track and field events. In American usage it can mean organized sports more broadly.
/ˈtiːm.wɜːk/
cooperative group effort
The combined effort of a group working together toward a common goal. Good teamwork relies on cooperation and communication.
/ˈspɔːts.mən.ʃɪp/
fair, respectful play
Fair, respectful, and generous behavior toward opponents in sport. It includes accepting defeat gracefully and respecting the rules.
/əˈlɪm.pɪks/
international sports games
A major international sports competition held every four years, with athletes from around the world. It includes both summer and winter editions.
/ˈtʃæm.pi.ən.ʃɪp/
competition for a title
A competition to decide the best player or team in a sport, or the title won by the victor. It is usually the most important event of a season.
/ˈtrəʊ.fi/
prize for victory
A cup, statue, or other object given as a prize for winning a competition. It also symbolizes any notable achievement.
/ˌref.əˈriː/
official who enforces rules
An official who watches a game or match to make sure the rules are followed and to settle disputes. The word also means an academic reviewer.
/spekˈteɪ.tər/
person who watches
A person who watches an event, especially a sports match or public show, without taking part. Spectators form the audience.
/reɪs/
speed contest; ethnic group
A competition to see who is fastest, or a group of people sharing physical traits and ancestry. The social concept of race is widely debated.
/maɪˈnɒr.ə.ti/
smaller group
A group that is smaller than the rest of a population, especially one that differs in race, religion, or background. It can also mean simply the smaller number.
/məˈdʒɒr.ə.ti/
greater number
The greater number or part of a group, more than half. In politics it also means the winning margin in a vote.
/ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/
unfair preformed opinion
An unfair opinion or feeling formed about someone or something without enough knowledge. It often leads to unjust treatment of certain groups.
/dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
unjust unequal treatment
The unjust treatment of people based on group characteristics like race, sex, or age. It can also mean the ability to notice fine differences.
/ˈreɪ.sɪ.zəm/
prejudice based on race
Prejudice, discrimination, or hostility directed against people because of their race or ethnicity. It can be expressed by individuals or built into systems.
/ˈtɒl.ər.əns/
acceptance of difference
The willingness to accept beliefs, behavior, or people that differ from one's own without hostility. It also means the ability to endure something.
/əkˈsep.təns/
willing reception, approval
The act of receiving or agreeing to something, or the welcoming of a person or idea. It can also mean coming to terms with a difficult truth.
/ˌsek.ʃuˈæl.ə.ti/
sexual identity and feelings
A person's capacity for sexual feelings, and their sexual orientation and identity. It is a key part of how people understand themselves.
/ˈfem.ɪ.nɪ.zəm/
movement for women's equality
The belief in and movement for the social, political, and economic equality of women and men. It seeks to end discrimination based on sex.
/ˌmæs.kjʊˈlɪn.ə.ti/
qualities of being male
The qualities and behaviors traditionally associated with men. Ideas about masculinity vary across cultures and change over time.
/ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/
male-dominated system
A social system in which men hold most of the power and women are largely excluded from it. The term is central to feminist analysis.
/ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/
female-led system
A social system in which women hold most of the power, or in which descent is traced through the mother. It is rarer than patriarchy.
/ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/
oversimplified fixed image
A widely held but oversimplified and often unfair idea about a type of person or thing. Stereotypes ignore individual differences.
/ˈbaɪ.əs/
unfair leaning, prejudice
A tendency to favor or oppose something unfairly, often without realizing it. It can affect judgments, decisions, and reporting.
/ˌrep.rɪ.zenˈteɪ.ʃən/
depiction; acting on behalf
The way a group is depicted in media or art, or the act of speaking and acting on behalf of others. Both senses concern who is seen and heard.
/ˈpɒv.ə.ti/
state of being poor
The state of being extremely poor and lacking the money for basic needs. It is a central concern of social and economic policy.
/welθ/
abundance of money
A large amount of money, property, or valuable possessions. It can also mean a great quantity of something good.
/ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɒl.ə.ti/
unequal distribution
An unfair difference in wealth, opportunity, or status between people or groups. It is a major topic in social and economic debate.
/ˌmɪd.əl ˈklɑːs/
social group between rich and poor
The social group between the working class and the wealthy, typically including professionals and business people. It is often linked to comfort and stability.
/ˌsəʊ.ʃəl məʊˈbɪl.ə.ti/
movement between classes
The ability of people to move up or down between social and economic classes. High social mobility means background does not fix one's future.
/ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/
favorable chance
A favorable set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something. It is a chance for progress or advancement.
/ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒ/
special advantage
A special right or advantage available only to a particular person or group. It often refers to unearned social advantages.
/ˌmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
pushing to society's edge
The process of treating a person or group as unimportant and pushing them to the edge of society. It limits their power and opportunities.
/ɪkˈskluː.ʒən/
act of shutting out
The act of keeping someone or something out of a place, group, or activity. Social exclusion denies people full participation in society.
/kraɪm/
illegal act
An act that breaks the law and can be punished by the state. It also refers to illegal activity in general.
/ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/
penalty for wrongdoing
A penalty imposed on someone for breaking a rule or law. It is meant to deter wrongdoing or deliver justice.
/ˈprɪz.ən/
place of confinement
A building where people are held as punishment for crimes or while awaiting trial. It is also called a jail.
/pəˈliːs/
law-enforcement officers
The official force responsible for keeping public order and enforcing the law. The word also refers to its officers collectively.
/kɔːt/
place where law is applied
A place where legal cases are heard and judged, or the judge and officials there. It can also mean a royal household or an area for sports.
/ˈvɜː.dɪkt/
decision of a court
The decision reached by a jury or judge on whether someone is guilty or not. It can also mean any considered judgment.
/ˈsen.təns/
punishment; group of words
The punishment given to a convicted criminal by a court, or a grammatically complete group of words. The two meanings share a Latin root.
/pəˈrəʊl/
early conditional release
The release of a prisoner before the full sentence is served, on condition of good behavior. The prisoner remains supervised.
/wɔːr/
armed conflict
A state of armed conflict between countries or groups. It also describes any sustained struggle against something.
/piːs/
freedom from conflict
A state of calm without war or violence, or freedom from disturbance. It can describe nations, communities, or a person's inner state.
/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/
serious disagreement
A serious disagreement or struggle, which may be violent or simply a clash of ideas or interests. It can occur between people, groups, or nations.
/dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/
managing international relations
The work of managing relations between countries through negotiation rather than force. It also means skill in handling sensitive situations tactfully.
/ˈtriː.ti/
formal agreement between states
A formal, written agreement between two or more countries. Treaties cover matters such as peace, trade, or borders.
/əˈsaɪ.ləm/
protection for refugees
Protection given by a country to someone who has fled danger in their own land. The word also historically meant a place of safety or care.
/hjuːˌmæn.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
concerned with human welfare
Concerned with reducing human suffering and improving people's welfare. It often describes aid given to people in crisis.
/ˈpiːsˌkiː.pɪŋ/
maintaining peace by force presence
The use of international forces to maintain or restore peace in areas of conflict. Peacekeepers monitor ceasefires and protect civilians.
/ˌwes.tə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
adopting Western culture
The process by which societies adopt Western customs, values, technology, or institutions. It is often discussed alongside globalization.
/ˌmɒd.ən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
process of becoming modern
The process of updating something to fit modern needs and standards, especially the shift toward industrial, technological society. It transforms economies and lifestyles.
/daɪˈæs.pər.ə/
scattered people abroad
A large group of people from one homeland who live scattered in other countries. It also means the dispersal itself.
/ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl.ɪ.zəm/
coexistence of many cultures
The presence of, and support for, several distinct cultural groups within one society. It values diversity rather than a single dominant culture.
/ˌseɡ.rɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
enforced separation of groups
The forced separation of groups of people, especially by race, in housing, schools, or public places. It denies equal treatment.
/ˈeθ.ɪks/
moral principles
The principles that guide what is right and wrong behavior, or the study of such principles. It applies to individuals, professions, and society.
/məˈræl.ə.ti/
principles of right and wrong
Beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong behavior. It also means the degree to which something is good or acceptable.
/ˈvɜː.tʃuː/
moral goodness
A good moral quality, such as honesty or courage, or moral goodness in general. It can also mean a beneficial feature of something.
/vaɪs/
immoral habit or fault
An immoral or bad habit, or wickedness in general. It is the opposite of virtue and can refer to minor weaknesses too.
/ɪnˈteɡ.rə.ti/
honesty and strong principles
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. It also means the state of being whole and undamaged.
/kəˈrʌp.ʃən/
dishonest abuse of power
Dishonest or illegal behavior, especially by people in power, such as taking bribes. It can also mean the process of being made morally rotten.
/hɪˈpɒk.rə.si/
pretending false virtue
The practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs that one's own behavior does not match. It is pretending to be better than one is.
/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/
sympathy and concern
A strong feeling of sympathy for those who are suffering, together with a wish to help. It moves people to kindness and action.
/ˌsɒl.ɪˈdær.ə.ti/
unity from shared interests
Unity and mutual support among people who share interests or goals, especially in a struggle. It binds a group together.
/ˈprəʊ.test/
public objection
A public expression of objection or disapproval, often through demonstrations. It is a way for people to demand change.
/ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/
overthrow of a system
A sudden, complete change in government or society, often by force, or a major change in any field. It can also mean one full turn around a center.
/rɪˈfɔːm/
improvement by change
A change made to an institution or practice in order to improve it. Unlike revolution, reform works within the existing system.
/ˈæk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm/
campaigning for change
The use of vigorous campaigning and action to bring about political or social change. Activists work to influence policy and public opinion.
/ˈæd.və.kə.si/
public support for a cause
Public support for a cause, policy, or group, often by arguing on its behalf. Advocacy aims to influence decisions and protect interests.
/kæmˈpeɪn/
organized effort for a goal
A series of organized actions aimed at achieving a particular goal, such as winning an election or raising awareness. It can also mean a military operation.
/ˈmuːv.mənt/
organized group for change
A group of people working together to advance shared ideas or goals, or the act of changing position. It often drives social or political change.
/rɪˈzɪs.təns/
opposition to force
The act of opposing or fighting against something, especially an occupying power or unwanted change. It can be open or secret.
/rɪˈbel.jən/
armed revolt against authority
An act of armed or open opposition to a government or authority. It can also mean any refusal to obey rules.
/ˈʌpˌraɪ.zɪŋ/
popular revolt
An act of resistance or rebellion by a group of people against those in power. It is usually sudden and involves many ordinary citizens.
/biː/
exist; equal
To exist, or to have a particular quality, identity, or state. It is the most common and irregular verb in English.
/hæv/
possess; hold
To own or possess something, or to experience or be in a particular state. It is also used to form perfect tenses.
/duː/
perform an action
To perform an action or task, or to act in a particular way. It is also used to form questions and negatives.
/seɪ/
speak words
To express something in words, especially aloud. It reports what someone states or means.
/ɡet/
obtain; become
To obtain, receive, or become something. It is extremely flexible and appears in countless everyday phrases.
/lʊk/
direct the eyes
To direct your eyes toward something in order to see it, or to appear a certain way. Unlike 'see', it involves intention.
/wɒnt/
desire
To have a desire or wish for something. It expresses needs, hopes, and intentions.
/juːz/
employ for a purpose
To employ something for a particular purpose. It is among the most common verbs in the language.
/faɪnd/
discover
To discover or locate something, often after searching, or to come to realize something. It expresses successful searching.
/tel/
inform, narrate
To give information to someone in spoken or written words, or to narrate. It usually has a listener as its object.
/ɑːsk/
request; question
To request information or help, or to put a question to someone. It seeks a response from the listener.
/siːm/
appear to be
To give the impression of being or having a certain quality. It expresses appearance rather than certainty.
/fiːl/
sense; experience emotion
To experience an emotion or physical sensation, or to touch something. It covers both body and mind.
/traɪ/
attempt
To make an effort to do something, or to test something to see if it works. It expresses attempt and experiment.
/liːv/
depart; let remain
To go away from a place or person, or to let something remain where it is. It expresses departure and abandonment.
/kɔːl/
phone; name aloud
To telephone someone, to name someone, or to say something loudly. It has several common everyday senses.
/kiːp/
retain; continue
To continue to have something, or to continue doing something. It expresses retention and repetition.
/let/
allow, permit
To allow someone to do something, or to permit something to happen. It is also used to make suggestions with 'let's'.
/bɪˈɡɪn/
start
To start to do or be something, or to come into existence. It is a more formal synonym of 'start'.
/ʃəʊ/
display; reveal
To let something be seen, to display it, or to demonstrate how something works. It makes something visible or clear.
/hɪər/
perceive sound
To perceive sound with the ears, or to receive information. Unlike 'listen', it does not require effort.
/pleɪ/
engage in fun; perform
To take part in a game or activity for fun, or to perform music or a role. It covers both recreation and performance.
/rʌn/
move fast; operate
To move quickly on foot, or to operate or manage something. It has both physical and figurative meanings.
/muːv/
change position
To change position or place, or to cause something to do so. It can also mean to affect someone emotionally.
/lɪv/
be alive; reside
To be alive, or to have one's home in a particular place. It covers both existence and residence.
/bɪˈliːv/
accept as true
To accept that something is true or that someone is telling the truth. It expresses conviction and trust.
/həʊld/
grasp; contain
To carry or keep something in your hands or arms, or to contain or organize something. It expresses grasping and keeping.
/brɪŋ/
carry toward
To carry or take something toward the speaker or a place. It is the natural counterpart of 'take' toward you.
/ˈhæp.ən/
take place
To take place or occur, usually without being planned. It describes events and chance occurrences.
/raɪt/
form words on paper
To form letters and words on a surface, or to create text such as a letter or book. It is essential to literacy.
/prəˈvaɪd/
supply
To supply or make available what is needed or wanted. It is a slightly formal synonym of 'give'.
/sɪt/
rest on a seat
To rest your body on a seat with your weight on your bottom. It is a basic verb of posture.
/stænd/
be upright; tolerate
To be on your feet in an upright position, or to bear or tolerate something. It covers posture and endurance.
/luːz/
fail to keep; be defeated
To stop having something, to be unable to find it, or to be defeated. It is the opposite of both 'find' and 'win'.
/peɪ/
give money for
To give money in exchange for goods, services, or work. It is fundamental to economic life.
/miːt/
come together
To come together with someone, by chance or by arrangement, or to be introduced. It expresses encounter.
/ɪnˈkluːd/
contain as part
To contain something as a part of a whole, or to make it part of a group. It is the opposite of 'exclude'.
/kənˈtɪn.juː/
keep going
To keep doing something or to go on happening without stopping. It expresses persistence over time.
/set/
place; establish
To put something in a particular place or state, or to establish or fix something. It is one of the most flexible English verbs.
/tʃeɪndʒ/
make different
To make or become different, or to replace one thing with another. It is fundamental to describing transformation.
/liːd/
guide; be ahead
To guide a group or be in charge of it, or to be ahead in a contest. It expresses direction and command.
/ˌʌn.dəˈstænd/
grasp the meaning
To grasp the meaning of something or to know how someone feels. It expresses comprehension and sympathy.
/ˈfɒl.əʊ/
go after; obey
To go or come after someone or something, or to obey instructions. It expresses both movement and compliance.
/stɒp/
cease; halt
To cease doing something, or to bring or come to a halt. It is the natural opposite of 'continue'.
/kriˈeɪt/
bring into being
To bring something new into existence, especially through imagination or skill. It is a more formal synonym of 'make'.
/spiːk/
talk, express in words
To say words in order to communicate, or to be able to use a language. It is slightly more formal than 'talk'.
/riːd/
interpret writing
To look at and understand written words, silently or aloud. It is a fundamental literacy skill.
/spend/
use money or time
To pay out money, or to pass time doing something. It applies to both money and time.
/ɡrəʊ/
increase; develop
To increase in size or amount, or to develop over time. It applies to plants, people, and abstract things.
/ˈəʊ.pən/
make not closed
To move something so that it is no longer shut, or to start an activity or business. It is the opposite of 'close'.
/wɔːk/
move on foot
To move along on foot at a steady, ordinary pace. It is the most basic verb of human movement.
/wɪn/
achieve victory
To be successful in a contest, game, or battle, or to gain something through effort. It is the opposite of 'lose'.
/ˈɒf.ər/
present for acceptance
To present something for someone to accept or refuse, or to say you are willing to do something. It expresses a proposal.
/rɪˈmem.bər/
recall
To keep something in your mind or bring it back to mind. It is the opposite of 'forget'.
/kənˈsɪd.ər/
think about carefully
To think about something carefully before making a decision, or to regard someone in a certain way. It expresses reflection.
/əˈpɪər/
come into view; seem
To become visible or come into view, or to seem to be a certain way. It covers both visibility and impression.
/baɪ/
purchase
To get something by paying money for it. It is the natural opposite of 'sell'.
/weɪt/
stay until something happens
To stay in a place or delay action until something happens or someone arrives. It expresses patient delay.
/sɜːv/
provide service; give food
To do work that helps people, or to give someone food or drink. It covers both duty and hospitality.
/daɪ/
stop living
To stop living, or for something to fade away or cease. It is a basic verb about the end of life.
/send/
cause to go or be delivered
To cause something or someone to go or be delivered to a place. It is central to communication and logistics.
/ɪkˈspekt/
anticipate
To believe that something will happen or that someone will arrive. It expresses anticipation and assumption.
/bɪld/
construct
To construct something by putting parts or materials together. It applies to buildings and, figuratively, to relationships or systems.
/steɪ/
remain in place
To continue to be in a particular place or condition.
/fɔːl/
drop downward
To move downward, usually quickly and without control, because of gravity.
/riːtʃ/
arrive at or stretch to
To arrive at a place, level, or goal, or to stretch out a hand toward something.
/kɪl/
cause to die
To cause a person, animal, or plant to die.
/reɪz/
lift up
To move something to a higher position, or to increase an amount or level.
/pɑːs/
go by or succeed
To move past something, or to succeed in a test or examination.
/sel/
exchange for money
To give something to another person in exchange for money.
/rɪˈkwaɪə/
need or demand
To need something, or to officially demand that something be done.
/dɪˈsaɪd/
make a choice
To make a choice or judgement about something after thinking carefully.
/pʊl/
draw toward you
To use force to move something toward yourself or in a certain direction.
/breɪk/
separate into pieces
To separate into pieces, often suddenly, as a result of force or a fall.
/ɪkˈspleɪn/
make clear
To make an idea or situation clear by describing it in more detail.
/həʊp/
wish for
To want something to happen and to think that it is possible.
/dɪˈveləp/
grow or create
To grow or change gradually, or to create something over a period of time.
/ˈkæri/
hold and move
To hold something and take it from one place to another.
/help/
assist someone
To make it easier for someone to do something by doing part of it.
/ˈmænɪdʒ/
handle or control
To succeed in dealing with something difficult, or to be in charge of people or work.
/tʃek/
examine or verify
To examine something carefully to make sure it is correct, safe, or working.
/rɪˈsiːv/
get something given
To get or accept something that is sent or given to you.
/əˈlaʊ/
permit
To let someone do something, or to make it possible for something to happen.
/æd/
put together
To put something with another thing to increase the number or amount.
/prɪˈzent/
show or give formally
To formally give or show something to a group of people.
/əkˈsept/
agree to receive
To agree to take or receive something that is offered.
/rɪˈmeɪn/
stay or be left
To stay in the same place or condition, or to be left after others have gone.
/səˈdʒest/
propose an idea
To mention an idea or plan for someone else to think about.
/prəˈdjuːs/
make or create
To make or grow something, especially in large quantities.
/dɪˈskraɪb/
give details about
To say what someone or something is like by giving details.
/ˈvɪzɪt/
go to see
To go to see a person or place for a period of time.
/rɪˈflekt/
think back; show
To think carefully about something, or to show an image or quality.
/səˈpɔːt/
help or hold up
To help someone, or to hold the weight of something and keep it in place.
/kənˈtrəʊl/
direct or manage
To have power over something and decide how it behaves or happens.
/ɪnˈkriːs/
make larger
To become greater in size, amount, or number, or to make this happen.
/rɪˈdjuːs/
make smaller
To make something smaller or less in size, amount, or degree.
/ɪmˈpruːv/
make better
To make something better, or to become better than before.
/ɪˈneɪbl/
make possible
To make it possible for someone to do something, or for something to happen.
/prɪˈvent/
stop from happening
To stop something from happening or someone from doing something.
/prəˈtekt/
keep safe
To keep someone or something safe from harm, damage, or danger.
/ˈrɪəlaɪz/
become aware
To suddenly understand or become aware of something.
/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/
know again
To know someone or something because you have seen them before.
/rɪˈspɒnd/
answer or react
To say or do something as a reaction to something that has happened.
/prɪˈpeə/
get ready
To make something or someone ready for a future event or use.
/kəmˈpeə/
examine differences
To look at two or more things to see how they are similar or different.
/ɪɡˈzɪst/
be real
To be present in the world as a real thing rather than imagined.
/fɔːm/
create or shape
To make something exist or take a particular shape.
/əˈtʃiːv/
succeed in doing
To succeed in doing or getting something after effort.
/kəmˈpliːt/
finish fully
To finish making or doing something so that nothing is missing.
/meɪnˈteɪn/
keep up
To make something continue in the same state, or to keep it in good condition.
/əbˈteɪn/
get or acquire
To get something, especially by making an effort.
/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
set up firmly
To start something such as a company or system that is meant to last.
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/
recognize and name
To recognize someone or something and be able to say who or what they are.
/ˈmeʒə/
find the size of
To find the size, amount, or degree of something using a tool or standard.
/pəˈfɔːm/
carry out; act
To do an action or task, or to entertain an audience.
/ˈænəlaɪz/
examine in detail
To examine something carefully in order to understand or explain it.
/ɪˈvæljueɪt/
judge the value of
To judge how good, useful, or successful something is.
/əˈplaɪ/
put to use; request
To use something for a purpose, or to make a formal request, such as for a job.
/ˈjuːtɪlaɪz/
make use of
To use something effectively for a particular purpose.
/əˈdæpt/
adjust to fit
To change your behaviour or something else to suit new conditions.
/ˈɪmplɪment/
put into action
To start using a plan, system, or decision in a practical way.
/plæn/
arrange in advance
To decide in detail what you are going to do and how you will do it.
/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/
arrange in order
To arrange things or events in a neat, sensible, or planned way.
/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/
make work together
To organize different people or things so that they work together well.
/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
share information
To share information, ideas, or feelings with other people.
/tʃuːz/
select
To decide which one of several things or possibilities you want.
/prɪˈfɜː/
like better
To like one thing or person more than another.
/əˈvɔɪd/
keep away from
To stay away from someone or something, or to prevent something from happening.
/rɪˈfjuːz/
say no to
To say firmly that you will not do or accept something.
/ədˈmɪt/
confess; let in
To agree that something is true, often unwillingly, or to allow entry.
/dɪˈnaɪ/
say it isn't true
To say that something is not true, or to refuse to give something.
/ˈprɒmɪs/
give your word
To tell someone that you will certainly do or not do something.
/ˈθretn/
warn of harm
To say that you will harm someone, or to be likely to cause damage.
/kənˈvɪns/
make someone believe
To make someone feel certain that something is true or right.
/pəˈsweɪd/
talk into doing
To make someone decide to do something by giving reasons or arguments.
/əˈsjuːm/
suppose without proof
To accept that something is true without having proof of it.
/ˈɑːɡjuː/
disagree; give reasons
To disagree with someone in words, or to give reasons for an opinion.
/kleɪm/
state as true
To say that something is true even though it has not been proven.
/pruːv/
show to be true
To show by evidence or argument that something is definitely true.
/ˈdemənstreɪt/
show clearly
To show clearly that something exists or is true, or to show how to do it.
/ˈɪləstreɪt/
explain with examples
To explain or make something clear by using examples or pictures.
/ˈɪndɪkeɪt/
point out; show
To show, point to, or suggest that something is true or likely.
/ˈemfəsaɪz/
stress importance
To give special importance or attention to something when speaking or writing.
/ˈhaɪlaɪt/
draw attention to
To draw attention to something so that people notice it more easily.
/ˈklærɪfaɪ/
make clearer
To make something easier to understand by explaining it more clearly.
/sɒlv/
find an answer
To find an answer or solution to a problem or difficult situation.
/ˈhændl/
deal with
To deal with a situation, person, or problem successfully.
/əˈdres/
deal with; speak to
To give attention to a problem, or to speak formally to a group of people.
/ˈtækl/
deal with firmly
To make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or task.
/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/
beat a difficulty
To successfully deal with or control a problem, feeling, or difficulty.
/əˈkʌmplɪʃ/
succeed in doing
To succeed in doing or completing something, especially something difficult.
/səkˈsiːd/
achieve a goal
To achieve something that you have been trying to do.
/feɪl/
not succeed
To be unsuccessful in trying to do something, or to stop working.
/ˈstrʌɡl/
try hard against difficulty
To try very hard to do something difficult, often with little success.
/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
question; test
To question whether something is right, or to invite someone to compete.
/ˈfɪnɪʃ/
bring to an end
To complete something or bring an activity to its end.
/stɑːt/
begin
To begin doing something, or to make something begin.
/end/
finish; conclude
To come to a finish, or to bring something to a finish.
/pɔːz/
stop briefly
To stop doing something for a short time before continuing again.
/dɪˈleɪ/
make late
To make something happen later than planned, or to wait before acting.
/spiːd ˈʌp/
go faster
To start moving or happening faster than before.
/sləʊ ˈdaʊn/
go slower
To start moving or happening more slowly, or to make this happen.
/kləʊz/
shut
To move something so that it is no longer open, such as a door or window.
/lɒk/
secure with a key
To fasten something with a lock so that it cannot be opened without a key.
/ʌnˈlɒk/
open a lock
To open something that is locked, usually with a key or a code.
/pʊʃ/
press away from you
To press against something in order to move it away from you.
/lɪft/
raise up
To move something or someone to a higher position.
/drɒp/
let fall
To let something fall, often by accident, or to become lower.
/θrəʊ/
send through air
To send something through the air by moving your arm quickly.
/kætʃ/
take hold of moving thing
To take hold of something that is moving through the air or trying to escape.
/weɪk/
stop sleeping
To stop sleeping, or to make someone stop sleeping.
/wɒʃ/
clean with water
To clean something or someone using water and usually soap.
/dres/
put on clothes
To put clothes on yourself or on someone else.
/kʊk/
prepare food with heat
To prepare food for eating by using heat.
/kliːn/
remove dirt
To remove dirt, dust, or marks from something to make it tidy.
/draɪv/
operate a vehicle
To control and operate a car or other vehicle as it moves.
/flaɪ/
move through air
To move through the air, as a bird or aircraft does, or to travel by plane.
/swɪm/
move through water
To move through water by using your arms and legs.
/dɑːns/
move to music
To move your body in time with music, usually for enjoyment.
/sɪŋ/
make music with voice
To make musical sounds with your voice, usually with words.
/drɔː/
make a picture; pull
To make a picture using a pen or pencil, or to pull something along.
/peɪnt/
apply colour
To put paint on a surface, or to create a picture using paint.
/taɪp/
write on a keyboard
To write something using a keyboard on a computer or phone.
/prɪnt/
produce on paper
To produce words or pictures on paper using a machine.
/sɜːtʃ/
look for carefully
To look carefully in order to find someone or something.
/braʊz/
look casually
To look through things in a relaxed way without a clear purpose.
/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/
copy from internet
To copy data, such as a file or program, from the internet onto your device.
/ˌʌpˈləʊd/
send to internet
To copy data from your device onto the internet or another computer.
/pəʊst/
publish online; mail
To put a message or picture on the internet, or to send a letter by mail.
/ˈkɒment/
give an opinion
To express an opinion or remark, especially in writing online.
/laɪk/
enjoy; approve online
To find someone or something pleasant, or to approve of a post online.
/ʌnˈfɒləʊ/
stop following online
To stop receiving updates from a person or account on social media.
/ɪnˈvest/
put money in
To put money into something hoping to make a profit, or to give time and effort.
/seɪv/
keep; rescue; store
To keep money for later, to rescue someone, or to store computer data.
/ˈbɒrəʊ/
take and return later
To take something from someone with the intention of giving it back.
/lend/
give temporarily
To give something to someone for a time, expecting to get it back.
/ɜːn/
get by working
To receive money in return for work, or to deserve something by your actions.
/weɪst/
use carelessly
To use something such as time, money, or food in a careless or useless way.
/nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/
discuss to agree
To discuss something formally in order to reach an agreement.
/bɪd/
offer a price
To offer a particular amount of money for something, especially at an auction.
/ˈhaɪə/
employ; rent
To give someone a job, or to pay to use something for a short time.
/prəˈməʊt/
raise rank; advertise
To give someone a higher position, or to help something become more popular.
/treɪn/
teach a skill
To teach a person or animal the skills needed for a job or activity.
/ˈsuːpəvaɪz/
oversee work
To watch a person or activity to make sure things are done correctly.
/vəʊt/
choose in election
To formally choose someone or something, usually in an election.
/ɪˈlekt/
choose by vote
To choose someone for an official position by voting.
/ˈɡʌvən/
rule a country
To officially control and lead a country, state, or organization.
/ruːl/
control officially
To have official power over a country or people, or to make a formal decision.
/əˈbɒlɪʃ/
officially end
To officially end a law, system, or practice.
/ɪˈnækt/
make into law
To make a proposal into an official law, or to perform an action.
/ˈreɡjuleɪt/
control with rules
To control an activity or process using official rules.
/bɪɡ/
large in size
Of more than average or expected size, extent, or importance.
/smɔːl/
little in size
Of a size that is less than average or less than other things.
/lɑːdʒ/
big in size
Of considerable or great size, amount, or extent.
/ˈtaɪni/
extremely small
Very small indeed; much smaller than usual.
/hjuːdʒ/
very large
Extremely large in size, amount, or degree.
/ɪˈnɔːməs/
extremely large
Very large in size or quantity, much bigger than normal.
/vɑːst/
very wide and great
Extremely large in area or extent, especially of open space.
/ˈlɪtl/
small
Small in size or amount, often suggesting affection.
/ʃɔːt/
not long or tall
Having little length, height, or duration.
/tɔːl/
high in height
Of more than average height, especially of people or buildings.
/lɒŋ/
great in length
Measuring a great distance from one end to the other, or lasting a long time.
/waɪd/
broad
Measuring a large distance from one side to the other.
/ˈnærəʊ/
not wide
Measuring a small distance from one side to the other.
/θɪk/
wide between surfaces
Having a large distance between opposite surfaces, or densely packed.
/θɪn/
narrow between surfaces
Having a small distance between opposite surfaces, or not fat.
/diːp/
far down
Going a long way down from the top or surface.
/ˈʃæləʊ/
not deep
Having only a short distance from the top to the bottom.
/haɪ/
far up
Extending far upward, or at a great level or amount.
/ləʊ/
not high
Not far above the ground, or small in amount or level.
/ˈhevi/
weighing a lot
Weighing a great deal and difficult to lift or move.
/laɪt/
not heavy; bright
Not weighing very much, or full of brightness.
/fɑːst/
moving quickly
Moving or able to move at high speed.
/sləʊ/
not fast
Moving or happening at a low speed, taking a long time.
/kwɪk/
fast; brief
Moving fast or done in a short time.
/laʊd/
making much noise
Producing a lot of noise; easily heard.
/ˈkwaɪət/
making little noise
Making little or no noise; calm and peaceful.
/sɒft/
not hard; gentle
Easy to press, bend, or cut; not hard or rough; gentle.
/hɑːd/
firm; difficult
Solid and firm to the touch, or difficult to do or understand.
/rʌf/
not smooth
Having an uneven or coarse surface; not smooth or gentle.
/smuːð/
even surface
Having an even surface without bumps, lumps, or rough parts.
/hɒt/
high temperature
Having a high temperature; very warm.
/wɔːm/
pleasantly heated
Having or producing a comfortable amount of heat; pleasantly hot.
/kuːl/
slightly cold
Having a low but not unpleasant temperature; pleasantly cold.
/əʊld/
aged; not new
Having lived or existed for a long time; not young or new.
/njuː/
recently made
Made, bought, or experienced recently; not existing before.
/jʌŋ/
not old
Having lived or existed for only a short time; in an early stage of life.
/ˈeɪnʃənt/
very old
Belonging to the very distant past; extremely old.
/ˈmɒdn/
of the present
Relating to the present or recent times; using the latest ideas or methods.
/ˈbjuːtɪfʊl/
very pleasing to see
Very pleasing to the senses, especially to look at.
/ˈʌɡli/
unpleasant to see
Very unpleasant to look at; not attractive at all.
/ˈprɪti/
attractive in a delicate way
Attractive in a pleasant, often delicate, way; also means 'quite'.
/ˈhænsəm/
good-looking (esp. men)
Good-looking, especially used to describe men.
/əˈtræktɪv/
pleasing; appealing
Pleasing or appealing to look at, or interesting and desirable.
/braɪt/
full of light; clever
Giving out a lot of light, full of strong colour, or very intelligent.
/dɑːk/
without light
With little or no light; or close to black in colour.
/ˈkʌləfʊl/
full of colour
Having many bright colours, or full of interest and variety.
/peɪl/
light in colour
Light in colour, or having less colour than usual in the face.
/ɡʊd/
of high quality
Of a high standard or quality; pleasant, suitable, or kind.
/bæd/
of poor quality
Of low quality, or unpleasant, harmful, or wrong.
/ɡreɪt/
very good; large
Very good or enjoyable, or very large in size or amount.
/ˈterəbl/
very bad
Extremely bad, unpleasant, or of very poor quality.
/ˈeksələnt/
extremely good
Extremely good; of the highest quality.
/ˈɔːfʊl/
very bad
Very bad or unpleasant; causing dislike or shock.
/ˈwʌndəfʊl/
extremely good
Extremely good, pleasing, or impressive.
/ˈhɒrəbl/
very unpleasant
Causing horror or strong dislike; extremely unpleasant.
/fænˈtæstɪk/
wonderful; excellent
Extremely good, impressive, or enjoyable.
/ˈdredfʊl/
extremely bad
Extremely bad, unpleasant, or shocking.
/ˈhæpi/
feeling joy
Feeling or showing pleasure, contentment, or joy.
/sæd/
feeling unhappy
Feeling or showing sorrow or unhappiness.
/ˈæŋɡri/
feeling great annoyance
Feeling or showing strong displeasure or rage.
/ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
very enthusiastic
Feeling very happy and enthusiastic about something that is happening.
/bɔːd/
tired from dullness
Feeling tired and impatient because something is not interesting.
/ˈtaɪəd/
needing rest
Feeling that you need to rest or sleep; lacking energy.
/ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/
full of energy
Having or showing a lot of energy and enthusiasm.
/kɑːm/
peaceful; not worried
Peaceful and quiet, or not feeling worried or excited.
/ˈæŋkʃəs/
worried and uneasy
Feeling worried or nervous about something that might happen.
/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/
sure of oneself
Feeling sure about your own abilities or about a situation.
/smɑːt/
clever; well-dressed
Intelligent and quick to learn, or neat and stylish in appearance.
/ˈklevə/
quick to understand
Quick to learn, understand, or think of good ideas.
/ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/
highly able to learn
Having a high level of mental ability; able to learn and understand well.
/ˈstjuːpɪd/
lacking intelligence
Showing a lack of intelligence or good sense; foolish.
/waɪz/
showing good judgement
Having or showing good sense and judgement gained from experience.
/ˈfuːlɪʃ/
lacking good sense
Showing a lack of good sense or judgement; silly or unwise.
/ˈhɪstri/
study of the past
The study of past events, or the whole series of past events themselves.
/kriˈeɪ.tɪv/
imaginative, inventive
Having the ability to produce original ideas or things using imagination and skill.
/ˈɪn.ə.veɪ.tɪv/
introducing new ideas
Featuring new methods, original ideas, or advanced thinking.
/əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl/
new, first, authentic
Created directly and not copied; existing from the beginning.
/ˈbɔː.rɪŋ/
dull, uninteresting
Not interesting; causing tiredness or lack of attention.
/kaɪnd/
caring, gentle
Generous, friendly, and considerate toward others.
/ˈkruː.əl/
harsh, unkind
Willing to cause pain or suffering to others without feeling sorry.
/ˈdʒen.ər.əs/
giving, unselfish
Willing to give money, help, or time freely and gladly.
/ˈsel.fɪʃ/
self-centered
Caring only about one's own needs and not about others.
/ˈɒn.ɪst/
truthful, sincere
Telling the truth and not cheating or stealing.
/dɪˈsɒn.ɪst/
untruthful, deceitful
Not honest; likely to lie, cheat, or deceive.
/ˈlɔɪ.əl/
faithful, devoted
Firm and constant in support of a person, group, or cause.
/ˈtretʃ.ər.əs/
disloyal; dangerous
Betraying trust; or dangerously unstable and unpredictable.
/breɪv/
courageous, fearless
Showing courage and willingness to face danger or pain.
/ˈkaʊ.əd.li/
lacking courage
Showing a shameful lack of courage; easily frightened.
/strɒŋ/
powerful, sturdy
Having great physical power, or being difficult to break or defeat.
/wiːk/
feeble, frail
Lacking physical strength, power, or the ability to resist.
/ˈpaʊ.ə.fəl/
strong, influential
Having great strength, force, or influence over others.
/ˈhelp.ləs/
powerless, defenseless
Unable to protect oneself or to act without help.
/ˈkeɪ.pə.bl̩/
able, competent
Having the ability or skill to do something well.
/ɪnˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/
unskilled, inept
Lacking the ability or skill to do a task properly.
/skɪld/
expert, trained
Having or showing the training and ability to do something well.
/ʌnˈskɪld/
untrained
Not having special training or ability for a particular job.
/ˈtæl.ən.tɪd/
gifted
Having a natural ability to do something very well.
/ˌmiː.diˈoʊ.kər/
average, ordinary
Of only average or fairly low quality; not very good.
/rɪtʃ/
wealthy
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions.
/pɔːr/
not wealthy
Having little money; or of low quality.
/ˈwel.θi/
rich, affluent
Having a great amount of money, property, or valuable things.
/ɪkˈspen.sɪv/
costly
Costing a lot of money.
/tʃiːp/
inexpensive
Costing little money; sometimes of low quality.
/əˈfɔː.də.bl̩/
reasonably priced
Cheap enough that most people can pay for it.
/ˈvæl.jʊ.ə.bl̩/
worth much
Worth a lot of money or very useful and important.
/ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
having no value
Having no value, use, or importance at all.
/ˈpraɪs.ləs/
invaluable
So valuable that its worth cannot be measured in money.
/ˈiː.zi/
simple, effortless
Not difficult; needing little effort to do or understand.
/ˈsɪm.pl̩/
plain, uncomplicated
Easy to understand or do; not complicated.
/ˈkɒm.pleks/
complicated, intricate
Having many connected parts and therefore hard to understand.
/ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪ.tɪd/
tangled, involved
Difficult to understand or deal with because of many parts.
/ˌstreɪtˈfɔː.wəd/
simple, direct
Easy to understand or do; honest and direct.
/klɪər/
easy to understand
Easy to see, hear, or understand; free of confusion.
/kənˈfjuː.zɪŋ/
puzzling, unclear
Difficult to understand because it is not clear.
/ˈɒb.vi.əs/
clear, evident
Easy to see or understand; not needing explanation.
/mɪˈstɪə.ri.əs/
puzzling, secret
Difficult to understand, explain, or identify.
/ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/
significant
Having great value, meaning, or effect.
/sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/
important, notable
Large or important enough to have an effect or be noticed.
/ˌɪn.sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/
unimportant, tiny
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
/ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl/
crucial; judging
Extremely important; or expressing careful, often negative, judgment.
/ɪˈsen.ʃəl/
necessary, vital
Absolutely necessary; extremely important.
/ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/
not required
Available as a choice but not compulsory.
/ˈnes.ə.ser.i/
needed, required
Needed in order to do or achieve something.
/ʌnˈnes.ə.ser.i/
not needed
Not needed and able to be avoided.
/ˈɜː.dʒənt/
pressing, immediate
Needing immediate attention or action.
/ˈkɒm.ən/
frequent, ordinary
Happening often or shared by many people.
/reər/
uncommon, scarce
Not happening or found very often.
/ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl/
uncommon, strange
Different from what is normal or expected.
/ˈɔː.dən.ri/
normal, common
Not special or different in any way; usual.
/ɪkˈstrɔː.dən.ri/
remarkable, exceptional
Very unusual, special, or remarkable.
/ˈnɔː.məl/
usual, standard
Usual, typical, or expected; not strange.
/æbˈnɔː.məl/
unusual, irregular
Different from what is normal or expected, often worryingly.
/ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/
characteristic, usual
Showing the usual qualities of a particular type.
/eɪˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/
unusual, untypical
Not typical or usual; differing from the standard.
/juˈniːk/
one of a kind
Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else.
/truː/
correct, real
In agreement with fact or reality; not false.
/fɔːls/
untrue, incorrect
Not true, correct, or real.
/rɪəl/
genuine, actual
Existing in fact; not imagined or artificial.
/feɪk/
not genuine
Made to look real in order to deceive; not genuine.
/ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/
real, authentic
Truly what it is said to be; sincere and honest.
/ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
man-made, synthetic
Made by people rather than occurring in nature; not genuine.
/ˈnætʃ.ər.əl/
not artificial
Existing in or produced by nature; not made by people.
/sɪnˈθet.ɪk/
artificial, man-made
Made by chemical processes to imitate a natural product.
/ˈprəʊ.sest/
treated, manufactured
Having been changed or treated by an industrial method.
/kləʊzd/
shut, not open
Not open; shut, or not available for business.
/fʊl/
filled completely
Holding as much as possible; containing a lot.
/ˈemp.ti/
containing nothing
Having nothing inside; not containing anything.
/ˌɪn.kəmˈpliːt/
unfinished, partial
Not having all its parts; not finished.
/əˈveɪ.lə.bl̩/
obtainable, free
Able to be used, obtained, or contacted.
/ˈbɪz.i/
occupied, active
Having a lot to do; not free.
/ˈɒk.jʊ.paɪd/
in use, busy
Being used by someone; or kept busy with an activity.
/friː/
unrestricted; no cost
Not controlled or limited; or costing no money.
/seɪf/
secure, unharmed
Protected from danger or harm.
/ˈdeɪn.dʒər.əs/
hazardous, unsafe
Likely to cause harm, injury, or death.
/ˈrɪs.ki/
dangerous, uncertain
Involving the possibility of danger, loss, or failure.
/sɪˈkjʊər/
safe, protected
Safe from danger or attack; firmly fixed.
/ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bl̩/
exposed, unprotected
Easily harmed, hurt, or attacked.
/prəˈtek.tɪd/
guarded, safe
Kept safe from harm, loss, or attack.
/ɪkˈspoʊzd/
unprotected, open
Not covered or protected; open to danger or view.
/rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bl̩/
dependable, trustworthy
Able to be trusted to do what is expected.
/ˌʌn.rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bl̩/
undependable
Not able to be trusted or depended on.
/ˈsteɪ.bl̩/
steady, firm
Firmly fixed and not likely to change or fail.
/ˈpʌb.lɪk/
open to all
Relating to or available to all the people of a community.
/ˈpraɪ.vət/
personal, not public
Belonging to one person or group; not open to everyone.
/əˈfɪʃ.əl/
authorized, formal
Approved by a person or organization in authority.
/ˌʌn.əˈfɪʃ.əl/
not authorized
Not formally approved or recognized by authority.
/ˈliː.ɡəl/
lawful, permitted
Allowed by law; relating to the law.
/ɪˈliː.ɡəl/
unlawful, forbidden
Not allowed by law.
/ˈfɔː.məl/
official, ceremonious
Following accepted rules of behavior, dress, or language.
/ɪnˈfɔː.məl/
casual, relaxed
Relaxed, friendly, and not following strict rules.
/prəˈfeʃ.ən.əl/
expert, work-related
Relating to a job; or showing high skill and standards.
/ˈkæʒ.u.əl/
relaxed, informal
Relaxed and not formal; happening by chance.
/ˈloʊ.kəl/
nearby, regional
Relating to a particular small area or neighborhood.
/ˈɡloʊ.bəl/
worldwide
Relating to the whole world.
/ˈnæʃ.ən.əl/
of a nation
Relating to a whole nation or country.
/ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/
between nations
Involving two or more countries.
/dəˈmes.tɪk/
home or internal
Relating to the home, or to one's own country.
/ˈfɒr.ɪn/
from another country
Coming from or relating to a country that is not your own.
/ˈɜː.bən/
of the city
Relating to a town or city.
/ˈrʊə.rəl/
of the countryside
Relating to the countryside rather than the town.
/rɪˈmoʊt/
distant, isolated
Far away from towns or other people; distant.
/ˈsen.trəl/
in the middle; main
In or near the center; or most important.
/ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/
liked by many
Liked or enjoyed by a large number of people.
/ʌnˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/
disliked
Not liked by many people.
/ˈfeɪ.məs/
well-known
Known about by very many people.
/ʌnˈnoʊn/
not known
Not known or identified.
/ˈnoʊ.tə.bl̩/
noteworthy, remarkable
Important or interesting enough to be noticed.
/əbˈskjʊər/
little-known; unclear
Not well known; or difficult to understand.
/ˈmeɪn.striːm/
conventional, popular
Accepted by or representing most ordinary people.
/ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/
other, non-traditional
Available as another possibility; different from the usual.
/trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/
customary, long-established
Following customs and beliefs passed down over time.
/ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i/
radically new
Involving or causing a complete and dramatic change.
/ˈsʌd.ən/
abrupt, unexpected
Happening quickly and without warning.
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl/
slow, step-by-step
Happening slowly over a period of time.
/ˈkɒn.stənt/
continuous, unchanging
Happening all the time or staying the same.
/ˈtem.pər.ər.i/
short-term
Lasting for only a limited time.
/ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/
lasting, fixed
Lasting or intended to last for a very long time.
/briːf/
short, concise
Lasting only a short time; using few words.
/prəˈlɒŋd/
extended, lengthy
Continuing for a long time, often too long.
/ˈfriː.kwənt/
happening often
Happening or doing something often.
/əˈkeɪ.ʒən.əl/
happening sometimes
Happening sometimes but not regularly or often.
/ˈpɒz.ə.tɪv/
good, optimistic
Hopeful and confident, or showing approval; good.
/ˈneɡ.ə.tɪv/
bad, pessimistic
Bad, harmful, or expressing disagreement or refusal.
/ˈnjuː.trəl/
unbiased, in-between
Not supporting either side; neither positive nor negative.
/ˌɒp.tɪˈmɪs.tɪk/
hopeful, positive
Expecting good things to happen in the future.
/ˌpes.ɪˈmɪs.tɪk/
gloomy, negative
Expecting the worst things to happen.
/ˌrɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/
practical, sensible
Accepting things as they really are; sensible and practical.
/aɪˌdɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/
high-minded, hopeful
Believing in high principles, sometimes ignoring reality.
/ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl/
useful, sensible
Concerned with real situations rather than ideas; useful.
/ˈnɔɪ.zi/
loud
Making a lot of loud or unpleasant sound.
/ˈsaɪ.lənt/
without sound
Making no sound; completely quiet.
/ˈpiːs.fəl/
calm, quiet
Quiet and calm, without trouble or violence.
/keɪˈɒt.ɪk/
disordered, confused
In a state of complete confusion and disorder.
/ˈɔː.ɡən.aɪzd/
orderly, arranged
Arranged in a neat, ordered, or efficient way.
/ˈmes.i/
untidy, disordered
Dirty or untidy; not arranged neatly.
/niːt/
tidy, clean
Arranged in a tidy, clean, and orderly way.
/ˈklʌt.əd/
crowded, untidy
Filled with too many things in a disorderly way.
/pəˈlaɪt/
courteous, well-mannered
Behaving in a respectful and considerate way.
/ruːd/
impolite, offensive
Not polite; offensive or bad-mannered.
/rɪˈspekt.fəl/
showing respect
Showing politeness and consideration toward others.
/ˌdɪ.rɪˈspekt.fəl/
rude, insolent
Showing a lack of respect or politeness.
/ˈhʌm.bl̩/
modest, not proud
Not proud; having a modest view of one's importance.
/ˈær.ə.ɡənt/
conceited, proud
Having too high an opinion of oneself; conceited.
/ˈmɒd.ɪst/
humble; not large
Not proud or boastful; or moderate in size or amount.
/veɪn/
conceited; useless
Too proud of oneself; or producing no useful result.
/sɪnˈsɪər/
genuine, honest
Saying or doing what you truly feel; not pretending.
/ˌhɪp.əˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl/
insincere, two-faced
Pretending to have standards or beliefs one does not really hold.
/ˈhel.θi/
in good health
In good physical or mental condition; good for health.
/ʌnˈhel.θi/
not healthy
Not good for your health; in poor health.
/fɪt/
in good shape
Healthy and strong, especially from exercise; suitable.
/ʌnˈfɪt/
not in shape; unsuitable
Not healthy or strong enough; or not suitable.
/sɪk/
ill, unwell
Affected by illness; not well.
/wel/
healthy
In good health; not ill.
/ˈɪn.dʒəd/
hurt, wounded
Physically harmed or damaged.
/rɪˈkʌv.əd/
healed, restored
Having become healthy again after illness or injury.
/dɪˈseɪ.bl̩d/
having a disability
Having a physical or mental condition that limits activity.
/ˈeɪ.bl̩d/
without disability
Having full physical and mental abilities.
/wɪtʃ/
what one
Used to ask about a choice between a limited set.
/huːz/
belonging to whom
Used to ask who something belongs to.
/huːm/
which person (object)
A formal form of 'who' used as the object of a verb or preposition.
/wɒtˈev.ər/
anything that
Anything or everything; no matter what.
/weərˈev.ər/
in any place that
In or to any place; no matter where.
/wenˈev.ər/
at any time that
At any or every time; no matter when.
/huːˈev.ər/
any person who
The person or people, no matter who, that do something.
/wɪtʃˈev.ər/
any one that
Any one or any number from a limited set.
/ˈweð.ər/
if (a choice)
Used to introduce a choice between two possibilities.
/wɒt ˈɪf/
suppose that
Used to introduce a hypothetical situation or worry.
/haʊ ˈmʌtʃ/
what quantity/price
Used to ask about an amount, especially of uncountable things or price.
/haʊ ˈmen.i/
what number
Used to ask about the number of countable things.
/haʊ ˈlɒŋ/
what duration/length
Used to ask about the duration or length of something.
/haʊ ˈɒf.ən/
at what frequency
Used to ask about the frequency of something.
/haʊ ˈfɑːr/
what distance
Used to ask about the distance to a place.
/haʊ ˈsuːn/
in what time
Used to ask how quickly something will happen.
/haʊ ˈoʊld/
what age
Used to ask about the age of a person or thing.
/wɒt ˈkaɪnd/
what type
Used to ask about the type or sort of something.
/wɒt ˈtaɪp/
what kind
Used to ask which category or sort something belongs to.
/wɒt ˈsɔːt/
what kind
Used to ask about the type or nature of something.
/ɪn wɒt ˈweɪ/
how, by what means
Used to ask about the manner or respect in which something is true.
/fɔːr wɒt ˈriː.zən/
why
A formal way to ask the reason for something.
/ˈʌn.dər wɒt ˈsɜː.kəm.stæn.sɪz/
in what situation
Used to ask in which situation or conditions something applies.
/æt wɒt ˈpɔɪnt/
when, at what stage
Used to ask at which moment or stage something happens.
/baɪ wɒt ˈmiːnz/
how, by what method
A formal way to ask about the method used to do something.
/tə wɒt ɪkˈstent/
how much, how far
Used to ask about the degree or level of something.
/ɪn wɒt ˈmæn.ər/
how, in what way
A formal way to ask about the way something is done.
/wɪð wɒt ˈpɜː.pəs/
why, for what aim
Used to ask about the aim or intention behind an action.
/fɔːr ˈhuːm/
for which person
A formal phrase asking who benefits from or receives something.
/frəm ˈweər/
from what place
Used to ask about the origin or starting place.
/sɪns ˈwen/
from what time
Used to ask the starting time of something, sometimes with surprise.
/ʌnˈtɪl ˈwen/
up to what time
Used to ask the end time or deadline of something.
/haʊ ˈkʌm/
why
An informal way to ask why something happened.
/əˈpɑːt.mənt/
a flat
A set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a larger building.
/ruːm/
a space in a building
A part of the inside of a building separated by walls.
/ˈbed.ruːm/
room for sleeping
A room used mainly for sleeping in.
/ˈbɑːθ.ruːm/
room for washing
A room with a toilet and facilities for washing.
/ˈkɪtʃ.ɪn/
room for cooking
A room where food is prepared and cooked.
/ˈlɪv.ɪŋ ruːm/
main sitting room
The main room in a house where people sit, relax, and entertain.
/ˈdaɪ.nɪŋ ruːm/
room for meals
A room where meals are eaten.
/ˈfɜː.nɪ.tʃər/
movable household items
Movable objects such as tables, chairs, and beds used in a room.
/tʃeər/
a seat
A piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back.
/ˈteɪ.bl̩/
flat-topped furniture
A piece of furniture with a flat top and legs, used for eating or working.
/ˈsoʊ.fə/
a couch
A long, comfortable seat with a back and arms for two or more people.
/bed/
furniture for sleeping
A piece of furniture for sleeping on.
/desk/
table for work
A table, often with drawers, used for writing, working, or studying.
/ʃelf/
flat board for storage
A flat board fixed to a wall or in a cupboard for holding things.
/ˈwɔː.droʊb/
cupboard for clothes
A tall cupboard in which clothes are hung or stored.
/ˈmɪr.ər/
reflecting glass
A piece of glass that reflects images, used to see oneself.
/læmp/
a light
A device that produces light, usually using electricity.
/dɔːr/
movable entrance barrier
A movable barrier that opens and closes the entrance to a room or building.
/ˈwɪn.doʊ/
glass opening in a wall
An opening in a wall, fitted with glass, that lets in light and air.
/flɔːr/
ground surface of room
The lower surface of a room that you walk on, or a level of a building.
/ˈsiː.lɪŋ/
upper surface of room
The upper inside surface of a room, opposite the floor.
/wɔːl/
vertical structure
A vertical structure that divides or encloses a space, or forms the side of a building.
/steərz/
set of steps
A set of steps that lead from one level of a building to another.
/ˈel.ɪ.veɪ.tər/
lift machine
A machine that carries people or goods up and down between floors of a building.
/ˈbæl.kə.ni/
outdoor platform
A platform that projects from the wall of a building, usually enclosed by a railing.
/ruːf/
top of building
The structure that covers the top of a building and protects it from the weather.
/ˈbeɪs.mənt/
underground floor
A floor of a building that is partly or completely below ground level.
/ˈmɔː.nɪŋ ruːˈtiːn/
daily morning habits
The set of regular activities a person does each morning after waking up.
/kəˈmjuːt/
regular travel to work
The regular journey between home and a place of work, or to make such a journey.
/ˈlʌntʃ breɪk/
midday work pause
A pause in the working day during which a person stops to eat a midday meal.
/ˈbed.taɪm/
time to sleep
The time at which a person, especially a child, normally goes to bed to sleep.
/əˈlɑːm klɒk/
waking device
A clock that can be set to make a sound at a chosen time to wake someone up.
/ˈtuːθ.brʌʃ/
brush for teeth
A small brush with a long handle, used for cleaning the teeth.
/ˈtuːθ.peɪst/
tooth-cleaning paste
A thick substance used with a toothbrush to clean the teeth.
/səʊp/
cleaning substance
A substance used with water for washing the body or cleaning things.
/ʃæmˈpuː/
hair-washing liquid
A liquid soap used for washing the hair.
/ˈtaʊ.əl/
cloth for drying
A piece of thick absorbent cloth used for drying the body or other wet things.
/ˈreɪ.zər/
shaving blade
A tool with a sharp blade used for shaving hair from the skin.
/kəʊm/
hair-tidying tool
A flat tool with a row of narrow teeth, used to tidy and arrange the hair.
/ˈmeɪk.ʌp/
cosmetic products
Coloured substances put on the face and body to improve or change one's appearance.
/ˈpɜː.fjuːm/
scented liquid
A pleasant-smelling liquid made from fragrant oils, worn on the skin.
/kləʊðz/
garments worn
Things such as shirts, trousers, and dresses that people wear to cover the body.
/ʃɜːt/
upper-body garment
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body, usually with a collar and sleeves.
/ˈtraʊ.zəz/
leg garment
A piece of clothing worn from the waist down, covering each leg separately.
/skɜːt/
lower-body garment
A piece of clothing worn by women and girls that hangs from the waist.
/ˈdʒæk.ɪt/
short coat
A short coat worn on the upper body, usually with sleeves and fastenings at the front.
/kəʊt/
outer garment
A long outer garment worn over other clothes, especially for warmth outdoors.
/ʃuːz/
foot coverings
Coverings for the feet, usually made of leather or other strong material.
/buːts/
sturdy footwear
Strong shoes that cover the foot and part of the leg, often worn outdoors.
/ˈsæn.dəlz/
open summer shoes
Light open shoes with straps that hold them onto the feet, worn in warm weather.
/sɒks/
foot garments
Soft garments that cover the feet and ankles, worn inside shoes.
/ˈʌn.də.weər/
inner garments
Clothes worn next to the skin, under other clothing.
/hæt/
head covering
A covering for the head, often worn for warmth, sun protection, or style.
/skɑːf/
neck cloth
A piece of cloth worn around the neck or head for warmth or decoration.
/bæɡ/
carrying container
A flexible container with an opening at the top, used for carrying things.
/ˈwɒl.ɪt/
money holder
A small flat case for carrying money, cards, and identification.
/ˈlæp.tɒp/
portable computer
A small computer that can be carried easily and used on one's lap.
/ˈʃɒp.ɪŋ/
buying goods
The activity of going to shops or websites to buy things.
/ˈsuː.pə.mɑː.kɪt/
large grocery store
A large self-service shop selling food and household goods.
/ˈfɑː.mə.si/
medicine shop
A shop where medicines are prepared and sold.
/bæŋk/
money institution
A business that keeps people's money safely and lends money to others.
/ˈpəʊst ˌɒf.ɪs/
mail service location
A place where you can buy stamps, send letters and parcels, and collect mail.
/ˈlaɪ.brər.i/
place for books
A building or room where books are kept for people to read or borrow.
/dʒɪm/
exercise facility
A building or room with equipment for physical exercise.
/bʌs/
public road vehicle
A large road vehicle that carries many passengers along a fixed route.
/ˈsʌb.weɪ/
underground railway
An underground railway system in a city, used by many passengers.
/ˈtæk.si/
hired car
A car with a driver that you pay to take you somewhere.
/kɑːr/
road vehicle
A road vehicle with an engine and four wheels, used to carry a few people.
/ˈbaɪ.sɪ.kəl/
two-wheeled cycle
A vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing pedals with your feet.
/ˈməʊ.tə.saɪ.kəl/
motor two-wheeler
A two-wheeled vehicle with an engine, ridden like a bicycle.
/ˈwɔː.kɪŋ/
moving on foot
The activity of moving on foot at an ordinary, steady pace.
/ˈpɑː.kɪŋ/
leaving a vehicle
The act of leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time.
/ɪˌlekˈtrɪs.ɪ.ti/
electric power
A form of energy used to power lights, machines, and many household devices.
/ɡæs/
fuel or vapour
A substance like air, often used as fuel for heating and cooking; also American for petrol.
/ˈtel.ɪ.fəʊn/
calling device
A device or system that lets people talk to each other over long distances.
/ˈtel.ɪ.vɪʒ.ən/
broadcast screen
A device with a screen that receives and shows broadcast pictures and sound.
/ˈreɪ.di.əʊ/
audio broadcast device
A device that receives broadcast sound signals, or the medium of sound broadcasting.
/ˈkʊk.ɪŋ/
preparing food
The activity of preparing food by heating it.
/ˈkliː.nɪŋ/
removing dirt
The activity of making something free from dirt, dust, or mess.
/ˈlɔːn.dri/
washing of clothes
Clothes and linen that need washing, or the act of washing them.
/ˈaɪə.nɪŋ/
pressing clothes
The task of smoothing clothes with a heated iron to remove creases.
/ˈvæk.juːm.ɪŋ/
cleaning with suction
The act of cleaning floors and carpets using a machine that sucks up dirt.
/ˈməʊ.ɪŋ/
cutting grass
The act of cutting grass, especially a lawn, with a machine or blade.
/ˈɡɑːd.nɪŋ/
tending a garden
The activity of growing and caring for plants in a garden.
/ˈfɪk.sɪŋ/
repairing
The act of repairing something that is broken or not working.
/ˈdek.ə.reɪ.tɪŋ/
beautifying a space
The activity of painting, papering, or arranging things to improve a room's appearance.
/ˌpeɪ.ɪŋ ˈbɪlz/
settling charges
The regular task of paying money owed for services such as electricity and rent.
/ˈseɪ.vɪŋ/
keeping money
The act of keeping money instead of spending it, for future use.
/ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt.ɪŋ/
planning spending
The act of planning how to spend and save your money over a period.
/ɪnˈves.tɪŋ/
putting money to grow
The act of putting money into something in the hope of making a profit.
/ɪnˈʃʊə.rəns/
financial protection
An arrangement where you pay a company that agrees to cover certain future losses.
/rent/
payment for use
Money paid regularly to use a house, flat, or other property owned by someone else.
/juːˈtɪl.ɪ.tiz/
essential home services
Basic services for a home, such as electricity, water, and gas.
/əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/
arranged meeting
An arrangement to meet someone or be somewhere at a particular time.
/ˈer.ənd/
short useful trip
A short journey made to do or get something, often for someone else.
/tʃɔːr/
routine household task
A small, often boring, job that has to be done regularly around the home.
/ruːˈtiːn/
regular sequence
A fixed and regular way of doing things in a set order.
/ˈhæb.ɪt/
automatic behaviour
Something you do regularly, often without thinking about it.
/ˈhɒb.i/
leisure activity
An activity done regularly for pleasure in one's free time.
/ˈpɑːs.taɪm/
enjoyable activity
An activity that you enjoy doing to make time pass pleasantly.
/ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/
thing being done
Something that people do, especially for a purpose or for enjoyment.
/ˈiː.meɪl/
electronic message
A message sent electronically from one computer or device to another.
/ˈmes.ɪdʒ/
piece of communication
A piece of written or spoken information sent from one person to another.
/ˈvɪd.i.əʊ kɔːl/
face-to-face online talk
A phone or computer call in which the people can see each other on screen.
/ˌnəʊ.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
alert message
A short message or alert from a device or app telling you something has happened.
/ˈpɑːs.wɜːd/
secret access code
A secret word or string of characters used to gain access to a system.
/əˈkaʊnt/
personal record or arrangement
An arrangement with a bank or website that records your money or personal data.
/ˈprəʊ.faɪl/
personal description
A short description of a person, or the page that holds their details online.
/ˈprɪv.ə.si/
freedom from intrusion
The state of being free from being watched or disturbed by other people.
/ˌləʊ.kəl ˈnjuːz/
community reports
Reports about recent events happening in your own town or area.
/ˈweð.ə ˌfɔː.kɑːst/
weather prediction
A statement of what the weather is expected to be over the coming days.
/ˈtræf.ɪk/
vehicles on roads
The vehicles moving along roads, especially when there are many of them.
/nɔɪz/
unwanted sound
A loud or unpleasant sound, especially one that disturbs people.
/ˈseɪf.ti/
freedom from harm
The condition of being protected from danger, risk, or injury.
/sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/
protection
Measures taken to keep people, places, or things safe from harm or theft.
/ˈmeɪn.tən.əns/
keeping in good order
The work of keeping something in good condition by checking and repairing it.
/pet/
companion animal
An animal kept at home for companionship rather than for work or food.
/dɒɡ/
domestic canine
A common four-legged animal kept as a pet or working animal, known for loyalty.
/kæt/
domestic feline
A small furry animal with whiskers and claws, often kept as a pet.
/bɜːd/
feathered animal
A warm-blooded animal with feathers, wings, and a beak, most of which can fly.
/ˈhæm.stər/
small pet rodent
A small furry rodent with cheek pouches, often kept as a pet in a cage.
/ˌvet.ər.ɪˈneə.ri.ən/
animal doctor
A doctor who is trained to treat sick or injured animals.
/ˈɡruː.mɪŋ/
cleaning and care
The act of cleaning and caring for an animal's or person's appearance.
/ˌwɔː.kɪŋ ðə ˈdɒɡ/
exercising a pet
The activity of taking a dog outside on a lead for exercise.
/ˈpet fuːd/
food for animals
Food specially made to feed pets such as dogs and cats.
/ˈskuːl rʌn/
trip taking kids to school
The regular journey of taking children to and from school.
/ˈhəʊm.wɜːk/
school work at home
School work that pupils are given to do at home.
/ˈpleɪ deɪt/
arranged child meetup
An arranged occasion when children get together to play.
/ˈbed.taɪm ˌstɔː.ri/
tale before sleep
A story told or read to a child just before they go to sleep.
/ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/
raising children
The activity of raising and caring for children.
/ˈtʃaɪld.keər/
care of young children
The job or activity of looking after children, especially while parents work.
/rɪˈpɔːt kɑːd/
school grade summary
A written summary of a pupil's progress and grades, sent to parents.
/ˈhelθ ɪnˌʃʊə.rəns/
medical cost cover
An arrangement that pays some or all of a person's medical costs.
/ˈtʃek.ʌp/
routine examination
A routine medical or dental examination to check a person's health.
/ɒpˈtɪʃ.ən/
eye-care specialist
A person trained to test eyes and to make or sell glasses.
/ˈwel.nəs/
good health state
The state of being in good physical and mental health, often actively pursued.
/ˌself ˈkeər/
caring for oneself
The practice of looking after one's own physical and mental health.
/ˈbɜːθ.deɪ ˌpɑː.ti/
birthday celebration
A celebration held to mark the anniversary of a person's birth.
/ˈdɪn.ə ˌpɑː.ti/
social evening meal
A social occasion where guests are invited to someone's home for an evening meal.
/ˈhaʊs.wɔː.mɪŋ/
new-home celebration
A party held to celebrate moving into a new home.
/ˈhɒl.ɪ.deɪ ˌɡæð.ər.ɪŋ/
festive get-together
A meeting of family or friends to celebrate a holiday together.
/ɡɪft/
present given
Something given to someone freely, without payment, often to show affection.
/kɑːd/
greeting message paper
A folded piece of stiff paper with a message, sent on special occasions.
/bəˈluːn/
inflatable decoration
A small thin bag that is filled with air or gas and used for decoration or play.
/ˈkæn.dəl/
wax light source
A stick of wax with a string through it that gives light when burned.
/ˈɡɑː.bɪdʒ/
household waste
Waste material, especially food and household rubbish, that is thrown away.
/ˈkɒm.pɒst/
decayed organic matter
Decayed plant and food waste used to enrich garden soil.
/bɪn/
waste container
A container used for putting rubbish or other things in.
/ˈrʌb.ɪʃ/
waste material
Things that are no longer wanted and are thrown away; also nonsense.
/ˈlɪt.ər/
scattered waste
Rubbish such as wrappers and cans left lying in a public place.
/ˈklen.li.nəs/
state of being clean
The state or quality of being clean and free from dirt.
/rɪˈpeər/
fixing of damage
The act of fixing something that is broken or damaged.
/ˈfɪə.fəl/
afraid, frightened
Feeling or showing fear; nervous and worried about possible danger.
/dɪsˈɡʌs.tɪd/
strongly repelled
Feeling strong dislike or disapproval at something unpleasant.
/səˈpraɪzd/
caught unaware
Feeling mild shock or wonder because something unexpected has happened.
/dʒɔɪ/
great happiness
A feeling of great happiness and delight.
/heɪt/
intense dislike
A very strong feeling of dislike or hostility toward someone or something.
/trʌst/
firm belief in reliability
A firm belief that someone or something is reliable and honest.
/dɪsˈtrʌst/
lack of trust
A feeling that someone or something cannot be relied on.
/ænˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/
eager expectation
A feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen.
/rɪˈɡret/
sorrow over the past
A feeling of sadness or disappointment about something you did or failed to do.
/ɡɪlt/
feeling of wrongdoing
An unhappy feeling caused by knowing you have done something wrong.
/ʃeɪm/
painful self-disgrace
A painful feeling of having lost honour or done something embarrassing.
/praɪd/
satisfaction in achievement
A feeling of deep satisfaction from one's own or another's achievements.
/ˈen.vi/
resentful longing
A feeling of wanting something that someone else has.
/ˈdʒel.ə.si/
fear of losing to a rival
A feeling of unhappiness and worry caused by fear of losing someone or something.
/ˈɡræt.ɪ.tjuːd/
thankfulness
The feeling of being thankful and wanting to show appreciation.
/ˈsɪm.pə.θi/
shared feeling of sorrow
The feeling of understanding and sharing another person's sadness or trouble.
/ˈləʊn.li.nəs/
sadness from being alone
The unhappy feeling of being alone or without companionship.
/ˈlɒŋ.ɪŋ/
strong yearning
A strong feeling of wanting something or someone, especially out of reach.
/nɒsˈtæl.dʒə/
sentimental longing for past
A sentimental longing for happy times or places in the past.
/dɪˈspeər/
complete loss of hope
The feeling of having lost all hope.
/ɪkˈsaɪt.mənt/
lively eager feeling
A feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness.
/rɪˈliːf/
release from worry
A feeling of reassurance after worry or fear has passed.
/kənˈtent.mənt/
quiet satisfaction
A state of quiet, peaceful happiness and satisfaction.
/dɪsˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/
feeling of discontent
A feeling of being unhappy because something is not good enough.
/frʌsˈtreɪ.ʃən/
feeling of being blocked
The feeling of being upset because you cannot achieve what you want.
/ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/
sadness from unmet hopes
Sadness or displeasure caused when something is not as good as hoped.
/ˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/
fulfilled contentment
The pleasant feeling you get when you achieve or get what you wanted.
/ˈpleʒ.ər/
enjoyable feeling
A feeling of happy satisfaction and enjoyment.
/ˈsʌf.ər.ɪŋ/
pain or distress
The state of experiencing pain, hardship, or distress.
/ˌkjʊə.riˈɒs.ɪ.ti/
desire to learn
A strong desire to know or learn about something.
/kənˈfjuː.ʒən/
lack of understanding
A state of not understanding what is happening or what to do.
/ˈwʌn.dər/
awed amazement
A feeling of surprise and admiration at something beautiful or unexpected.
/ɔː/
reverent amazement
A feeling of great respect mixed with wonder or slight fear.
/ˌæd.mɪˈreɪ.ʃən/
respectful approval
A feeling of respect and warm approval for someone or something.
/kənˈtempt/
scornful disregard
A feeling that someone or something is worthless and deserves no respect.
/ˈbɔː.dəm/
weary dullness
The feeling of being tired and impatient because nothing interesting is happening.
/ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/
eager interest
A strong feeling of excited interest in or enjoyment of something.
/ˈæp.ə.θi/
lack of interest
A lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
/əˈfek.ʃən/
warm fondness
A gentle feeling of fondness or liking for someone.
/ˈpæʃ.ən/
intense emotion
A very strong feeling of emotion, enthusiasm, or desire.
/lʌst/
strong physical desire
A strong feeling of sexual or physical desire.
/ˈten.də.nəs/
gentle warmth
Gentleness and kindness, especially in showing love or care.
/ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/
close personal connection
A close, warm friendship or relationship marked by personal closeness.
/ɪˈstreɪndʒ.mənt/
loss of closeness
A situation in which people who were once close become hostile or distant.
/əˈtætʃ.mənt/
emotional bond
A strong feeling of affection or connection to someone or something.
/dɪˈtætʃ.mənt/
emotional distance
A state of being emotionally distant or not personally involved.
/bɪˈlɒŋ.ɪŋ/
sense of fitting in
The comforting feeling of being accepted as part of a group or place.
/ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
feeling of isolation
A feeling of being separated from or not belonging to a group or society.
/ˈkʌr.ɪdʒ/
bravery in fear
The ability to do something difficult or frightening despite fear.
/ˈkaʊ.ə.dɪs/
lack of courage
A lack of bravery; the tendency to avoid danger or difficulty out of fear.
/ˈbreɪ.vər.i/
courageous conduct
Courageous behaviour or character; the quality of being brave.
/ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
openness to harm
The state of being easily hurt, emotionally or physically.
/ˌɪn.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/
lack of confidence
A feeling of not being confident or certain about oneself.
/ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/
self-assurance
A feeling of trust in your own abilities, qualities, or judgement.
/daʊt/
feeling of uncertainty
A feeling of being unsure or uncertain about something.
/ˈsɜː.tən.ti/
firm conviction
The state of being completely sure about something.
/æmˈbɪv.ə.ləns/
mixed feelings
The state of having mixed or contradictory feelings about something.
/ˈhjuː.mər/
quality of being funny
The quality of being amusing, or the ability to find things funny.
/ˈlɑːf.tər/
sound of laughing
The act or sound of laughing, expressing amusement or joy.
/əˈmjuːz.mənt/
light enjoyment
A feeling of being entertained or finding something funny.
/dɪˈlaɪt/
great pleasure
A feeling of great pleasure and happiness.
/ˌɪr.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
mild annoyance
A feeling of slight anger or impatience.
/əˈnɔɪ.əns/
feeling of being bothered
A feeling of slight anger caused by something irritating.
/reɪdʒ/
violent anger
A feeling of very strong, often uncontrollable, anger.
/ˈfjʊə.ri/
wild rage
Wild and violent anger.
/səˈren.ɪ.ti/
calm peacefulness
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
/ˈmel.ən.kɒl.i/
gentle sadness
A feeling of thoughtful or lingering sadness, often without clear cause.
/ˈwɪst.fəl.nəs/
gentle yearning sadness
A feeling of vague, gentle longing or regret, often for the past.
/ˌsen.tɪ.menˈtæl.ɪ.ti/
excessive tender feeling
The quality of feeling or showing tender emotion, sometimes in excess.
/ˌbɪt.əˈswiːt/
both sad and happy
Containing a mixture of sadness and happiness at the same time.
/ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/
great joy
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
/juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/
intense elation
A feeling of intense happiness and excitement.
/ˈek.stə.si/
overwhelming delight
A state of very intense, overwhelming happiness or joy.
/ˈemp.ti.nəs/
feeling of void
A feeling of having no purpose, meaning, or emotional fulfilment.
/ˈnʌm.nəs/
absence of feeling
A loss of physical sensation or of normal emotional response.
/ˌəʊ.vəˈwelmd/
unable to cope
Feeling unable to deal with the amount or intensity of something.
/ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪ.tɪd/
driven to act
Having a strong reason or eagerness to do something.
/ɪnˈspaɪəd/
filled with creative urge
Filled with the urge or ability to do or create something.
/diːˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪ.tɪd/
losing the will to act
Having lost interest or eagerness to do something.
/ˈen.ə.dʒaɪzd/
full of energy
Feeling full of energy and ready for activity.
/dreɪnd/
completely tired
Feeling extremely tired, with no energy left.
/fʊlˈfɪld/
deeply satisfied
Feeling happy and satisfied because life has meaning and purpose.
/ˌʌn.fʊlˈfɪld/
not satisfied
Feeling dissatisfied because hopes or potential have not been realised.
/ˈvæl.juːd/
felt to be appreciated
Feeling that others appreciate and respect you.
/ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊkt/
not noticed or valued
Feeling ignored or not given the attention one deserves.
/əkˈsep.tɪd/
welcomed as belonging
Feeling welcomed and treated as a valued part of a group.